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Llamar a operaciones y acciones de servicio (WCF Data Services)

El Open Data Protocol (OData) define tanto operaciones de servicio como acciones de servicio para un servicio de datos. Las operaciones de servicio y las acciones de servicio se direccionan como los demás recursos del servicio de datos, mediante los URI. Una operación de servicio y las acciones de servicio pueden devolver colecciones de tipos de entidad, instancias de tipo de entidad único, tipos primitivos como entero y cadena y null (Nothing en Visual Basic). A diferencia de las operaciones de servicio, las acciones de servicio pueden estar enlazadas a recursos del modelo de datos y se les debe llamar mediante una solicitud HTTP POST porque tienen efectos secundarios en el sistema. Para obtener más información, vea Operaciones de servicio (WCF Data Services) y Usar acciones OData para implementar el comportamiento del lado servidor.

Tanto las operaciones como las acciones de servicio se exponen en los metadatos devueltos por un servicio de datos que implementa OData. En los metadatos, ambas se representan como elementos FunctionImport. Al generar el DataServiceContext fuertemente tipado, las herramientas Agregar referencia de servicio y DataSvcUtil.exe omiten este elemento. Por esto, no encontrará un método en el contexto que se pueda usar para llamar directamente a una operación de servicio. Sin embargo, todavía puede usar el cliente de Servicios de datos de Microsoft WCF para llamar a operaciones de servicio de una de estas dos maneras:

Consideraciones para llamar a operaciones y acciones de servicio

Se aplican las siguientes consideraciones cuando se usa el cliente Servicios de datos de Microsoft WCF para llamar a operaciones de servicio.

Ejemplos de llamada a operaciones de servicio

Esta sección contiene los siguientes ejemplos de cómo llamar a operaciones de servicio mediante la biblioteca cliente de Servicios de datos de Microsoft WCF:

Llamar a Execute<T> para devolver una colección de entidades

En el ejemplo siguiente se llama una operación de servicio denominada GetOrdersByCity, que toma un parámetro de cadena de city y devuelve IQueryable<T>:

' Define the service operation query parameter.
Dim city As String = "London"

' Define the query URI to access the service operation with specific 
' query options relative to the service URI.
Dim queryString As String = String.Format("GetOrdersByCity?city='{0}'", city) _
                            & "&$orderby=ShippedDate desc" _
                            & "&$expand=Order_Details"

' Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
Dim context As NorthwindEntities = New NorthwindEntities(svcUri2)

Try

    ' Execute the service operation that returns all orders for the specified city.
    Dim results = context.Execute(Of Order)(New Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative))

    ' Write out order information.
    For Each o As Order In results
        Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Order ID: {0}", o.OrderID))
        For Each item As Order_Detail In o.Order_Details
            Console.WriteLine(String.Format(vbTab & "Item: {0}, quantity: {1}", _
                item.ProductID, item.Quantity))
        Next
    Next
Catch ex As DataServiceQueryException
    Dim response As QueryOperationResponse = ex.Response

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message)
End Try
// Define the service operation query parameter.
string city = "London";

// Define the query URI to access the service operation with specific 
// query options relative to the service URI.
string queryString = string.Format("GetOrdersByCity?city='{0}'", city)
    + "&$orderby=ShippedDate desc"
    + "&$expand=Order_Details";

// Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities(svcUri2);

try
{
    // Execute the service operation that returns all orders for the specified city.
    var results = context.Execute<Order>(new Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative));

    // Write out order information.
    foreach (Order o in results)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Order ID: {0}", o.OrderID));

        foreach (Order_Detail item in o.Order_Details)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(String.Format("\tItem: {0}, quantity: {1}",
                item.ProductID, item.Quantity));
        }
    }
}
catch (DataServiceQueryException ex)
{
    QueryOperationResponse response = ex.Response;

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message);
}

En este ejemplo, la operación de servicio devuelve una colección de objetos Order con objetos Order_Detail relacionados.

Usar CreateQuery<T> para devolver una colección de entidades

En el ejemplo siguiente se usa CreateQuery<T>(String) para devolver un DataServiceQuery<TElement> que se emplea para llamar a la misma operación de servicio GetOrdersByCity:

' Define the service operation query parameter.
Dim city As String = "London"

' Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
Dim context As NorthwindEntities = New NorthwindEntities(svcUri2)

' Use the CreateQuery method to create a query that accessess
' the service operation passing a single parameter.       
Dim query = context.CreateQuery(Of Order)("GetOrdersByCity") _
        .AddQueryOption("city", String.Format("'{0}'", city)).Expand("Order_Details")

Try
    ' The query is executed during enumeration.
    For Each o As Order In query
        Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Order ID: {0}", o.OrderID))
        For Each item As Order_Detail In o.Order_Details
            Console.WriteLine(String.Format(vbTab & "Item: {0}, quantity: {1}", _
                item.ProductID, item.Quantity))
        Next
    Next
Catch ex As DataServiceQueryException
    Dim response As QueryOperationResponse = ex.Response
    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message)
End Try
// Define the service operation query parameter.
string city = "London";

// Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities(svcUri2);

// Use the CreateQuery method to create a query that accessess
// the service operation passing a single parameter.       
var query = context.CreateQuery<Order>("GetOrdersByCity")
    .AddQueryOption("city", string.Format("'{0}'", city))
    .Expand("Order_Details");

try
{
    // The query is executed during enumeration.
    foreach (Order o in query)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Order ID: {0}", o.OrderID));

        foreach (Order_Detail item in o.Order_Details)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(String.Format("\tItem: {0}, quantity: {1}",
                item.ProductID, item.Quantity));
        }
    }
}
catch (DataServiceQueryException ex)
{
    QueryOperationResponse response = ex.Response;

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message);
}

En este ejemplo, el método AddQueryOption(String, Object) se usa para agregar el parámetro a la consulta y el método Expand(String) se usa para incluir objetos Order_Details relacionados en los resultados.

Llamar a Execute<T> para devolver una sola entidad

En el ejemplo siguiente se llama a una operación de servicio denominada GetNewestOrder que solo devuelve una única entidad Order:

' Define the query URI to access the service operation, 
' relative to the service URI.
Dim queryString As String = "GetNewestOrder"

' Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
Dim context As NorthwindEntities = New NorthwindEntities(svcUri2)

Try
    ' Execute a service operation that returns only the newest single order.
    Dim o As Order = _
        context.Execute(Of Order)( _
            New Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative)).FirstOrDefault()

    ' Write out order information.
    Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Order ID: {0}", o.OrderID))
    Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Order date: {0}", o.OrderDate))
Catch ex As DataServiceQueryException
    Dim response As QueryOperationResponse = ex.Response

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message)
End Try
// Define the query URI to access the service operation, 
// relative to the service URI.
string queryString = "GetNewestOrder";

// Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities(svcUri2);

try
{
    // Execute a service operation that returns only the newest single order.
    Order order
        = (context.Execute<Order>(new Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative)))
        .FirstOrDefault();

    // Write out order information.
    Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Order ID: {0}", order.OrderID));
    Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Order date: {0}", order.OrderDate));
}
catch (DataServiceQueryException ex)
{
    QueryOperationResponse response = ex.Response;

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message);
}

En este ejemplo, el método FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>) se usa para solicitar solo una única entidad Order en la ejecución.

Llamar a Execute<T> para devolver una colección de valores primitivos

En el ejemplo siguiente se llama a una operación de servicio que devuelve una colección de valores de cadena:

' Define the query URI to access the service operation, 
' relative to the service URI.
Dim queryString As String = "GetCustomerNames"

'Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
Dim context As NorthwindEntities = New NorthwindEntities(svcUri2)

Try

    ' Execute a service operation that returns a collection of customer names.
    Dim customerNames As IEnumerable(Of String) _
        = context.Execute(Of String)(New Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative))

    For Each name As String In customerNames
        ' Write out customer information.
        Console.WriteLine(name)
    Next

Catch ex As DataServiceQueryException
    Dim response As QueryOperationResponse = ex.Response

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message)
End Try
// Define the query URI to access the service operation, 
// relative to the service URI.
string queryString = "GetCustomerNames";

// Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities(svcUri2);

try
{
    // Execute a service operation that returns a collection of customer names
    IEnumerable<string> customerNames
        = context.Execute<string>(new Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative));

    foreach (string name in customerNames)
    {
        // Write out customer information.
        Console.WriteLine(name);
    }
}
catch (DataServiceQueryException ex)
{
    QueryOperationResponse response = ex.Response;

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message);
}

Llamar a Execute<T> para devolver un único valor primitivo

En el ejemplo siguiente se llama a una operación de servicio que devuelve un único valor de cadena:

' Define the query URI to access the service operation, 
' relative to the service URI.
Dim queryString As String = "CountOpenOrders"

' Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
Dim context As NorthwindEntities = New NorthwindEntities(svcUri2)

Try
    ' Execute a service operation that returns the integer 
    ' count of open orders.
    Dim numOrders As Integer = context.Execute(Of Integer)( _
        New Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative)).FirstOrDefault()

    ' Write out the number of open orders.
    Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Open orders as of {0}: {1}",
        DateTime.Today.Date, numOrders))
Catch ex As DataServiceQueryException
    Dim response As QueryOperationResponse = ex.Response

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message)
End Try
// Define the query URI to access the service operation, 
// relative to the service URI.
string queryString = "CountOpenOrders";

// Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities(svcUri2);

try
{
    // Execute a service operation that returns the integer 
    // count of open orders.
    int numOrders
        = (context.Execute<int>(new Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative)))
        .FirstOrDefault();

    // Write out the number of open orders.
    Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Open orders as of {0}: {1}",
        DateTime.Today.Date, numOrders));
}
catch (DataServiceQueryException ex)
{
    QueryOperationResponse response = ex.Response;

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message);
}

De nuevo en este ejemplo, el método FirstOrDefault<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource>) se emplea para solicitar solo un único valor entero en la ejecución.

Llamar una operación de servicio que no devuelve datos

En el ejemplo siguiente se llama a una operación de servicio que no devuelve ningún dato:

' Define the query URI to access the service operation, 
' relative to the service URI.
Dim queryString As String = "ReturnsNoData"

' Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
Dim context As NorthwindEntities = New NorthwindEntities(svcUri2)

Try
    ' Execute a service operation that returns void.
    context.Execute(Of String)( _
        New Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative))
Catch ex As DataServiceQueryException
    Dim response As QueryOperationResponse = ex.Response

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message)
End Try
// Define the query URI to access the service operation, 
// relative to the service URI.
string queryString = "ReturnsNoData";

// Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities(svcUri2);

try
{
    // Execute a service operation that returns void.
    context.Execute<string>(new Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative));
}
catch (DataServiceQueryException ex)
{
    QueryOperationResponse response = ex.Response;

    Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message);
}

Como no se devuelven datos, no se asigna el valor de la ejecución. La única indicación de que la solicitud se ha realizado correctamente es que no se genera DataServiceQueryException.

Llamar una operación de servicio de forma asincrónica

En el ejemplo siguiente se llama de forma asincrónica a una operación de servicio llamando a BeginExecute<TElement>(Uri, AsyncCallback, Object) y EndExecute<TElement>(IAsyncResult):

' Define the service operation query parameter.
Dim city As String = "London"

' Define the query URI to access the service operation with specific 
' query options relative to the service URI.
Dim queryString As String = String.Format("GetOrdersByCity?city='{0}'", city) _
        & "&$orderby=ShippedDate desc" _
        & "&$expand=Order_Details"

' Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
Dim context As NorthwindEntities = New NorthwindEntities(svcUri2)

' Define the delegate to callback into the process
Dim callback As AsyncCallback = AddressOf OnAsyncExecutionComplete

' Execute the service operation that returns 
' all orders for the specified city.
Dim results = context.BeginExecute(Of Order)( _
    New Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative), _
    callback, context)
// Define the service operation query parameter.
string city = "London";

// Define the query URI to access the service operation with specific 
// query options relative to the service URI.
string queryString = string.Format("GetOrdersByCity?city='{0}'", city)
    + "&$orderby=ShippedDate desc"
    + "&$expand=Order_Details";

// Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities(svcUri2);

// Execute the service operation that returns 
// all orders for the specified city.
var results = context.BeginExecute<Order>(
    new Uri(queryString, UriKind.Relative),
    OnAsyncExecutionComplete, context);
Private Shared Sub OnAsyncExecutionComplete(ByVal result As IAsyncResult)

    ' Get the context back from the stored state.
    Dim context = TryCast(result.AsyncState, NorthwindEntities)

    Try
        ' Complete the exection and write out the results.
        For Each o As Order In context.EndExecute(Of Order)(result)
            Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Order ID: {0}", o.OrderID))

            For Each item As Order_Detail In o.Order_Details
                Console.WriteLine(String.Format(vbTab & "Item: {0}, quantity: {1}", _
                    item.ProductID, item.Quantity))
            Next
        Next
    Catch ex As DataServiceQueryException
        Dim response As QueryOperationResponse = ex.Response
        Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message)
    End Try
End Sub
private static void OnAsyncExecutionComplete(IAsyncResult result)
{
    // Get the context back from the stored state.
    var context = result.AsyncState as NorthwindEntities;

    try
    {
        // Complete the exection and write out the results.
        foreach (Order o in context.EndExecute<Order>(result))
        {
            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Order ID: {0}", o.OrderID));

            foreach (Order_Detail item in o.Order_Details)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(String.Format("\tItem: {0}, quantity: {1}",
                    item.ProductID, item.Quantity));
            }
        }
    }
    catch (DataServiceQueryException ex)
    {
        QueryOperationResponse response = ex.Response;

        Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message);
    }
}

Como no se devuelven datos, no se asigna el valor devuelto por la ejecución. La única indicación de que la solicitud se ha realizado correctamente es que no se genera DataServiceQueryException.

En el ejemplo siguiente se llama de forma asincrónica a la misma operación de servicio mediante CreateQuery<T>(String):

' Define the service operation query parameter.
Dim city As String = "London"

' Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
Dim context As NorthwindEntities = New NorthwindEntities(svcUri2)

' Use the CreateQuery method to create a query that accessess
' the service operation passing a single parameter.       
Dim query = context.CreateQuery(Of Order)("GetOrdersByCity") _
            .AddQueryOption("city", String.Format("'{0}'", city)) _
            .Expand("Order_Details")

' Define the delegate to callback into the process
Dim callback As AsyncCallback = AddressOf OnAsyncQueryExecutionComplete

' Execute the service operation that returns 
' all orders for the specified city.
Dim results = _
    query.BeginExecute(callback, query)
// Define the service operation query parameter.
string city = "London";

// Create the DataServiceContext using the service URI.
NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities(svcUri2);

// Use the CreateQuery method to create a query that accessess
// the service operation passing a single parameter.       
var query = context.CreateQuery<Order>("GetOrdersByCity")
    .AddQueryOption("city", string.Format("'{0}'", city))
    .Expand("Order_Details");

// Execute the service operation that returns 
// all orders for the specified city.
var results = 
    query.BeginExecute(OnAsyncQueryExecutionComplete, query);
Private Shared Sub OnAsyncQueryExecutionComplete(ByVal result As IAsyncResult)
    ' Get the query back from the stored state.
    Dim query = TryCast(result.AsyncState, DataServiceQuery(Of Order))

    Try
        ' Complete the exection and write out the results.
        For Each o As Order In query.EndExecute(result)

            Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Order ID: {0}", o.OrderID))

            For Each item As Order_Detail In o.Order_Details
                Console.WriteLine(String.Format(vbTab & "Item: {0}, quantity: {1}", _
                    item.ProductID, item.Quantity))
            Next
        Next
    Catch ex As DataServiceQueryException
        Dim response As QueryOperationResponse = ex.Response

        Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message)
    End Try
End Sub
private static void OnAsyncQueryExecutionComplete(IAsyncResult result)
{
    // Get the query back from the stored state.
    var query = result.AsyncState as DataServiceQuery<Order>;

    try
    {
        // Complete the exection and write out the results.
        foreach (Order o in query.EndExecute(result))
        {
            Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Order ID: {0}", o.OrderID));

            foreach (Order_Detail item in o.Order_Details)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(String.Format("\tItem: {0}, quantity: {1}",
                    item.ProductID, item.Quantity));
            }
        }
    }
    catch (DataServiceQueryException ex)
    {
        QueryOperationResponse response = ex.Response;

        Console.WriteLine(response.Error.Message);
    }
}

Vea también

Otros recursos

Cliente de datos (WCF Data Services)