HOW TO：使用基本字串作業執行字串操作
下列範例會使用基本字串作業主題中所討論到的一些方法，以一種可能在實際應用程式中發現的方式，來建構可執行字串操作的類別。 MailToData 類別會將個人的姓名和地址儲存在不同的屬性中，並允許您將 City、State 和 Zip 欄位組合成單一字串，以便顯示給使用者看。 此外，類別也可讓使用者將城市、省/市和郵遞區號當成單一字串來輸入；應用程式會自動剖析這個單一字串，然後將正確的資訊輸入對應的屬性中。
為了簡單起見，這個範例會使用具有命令列介面的主控台應用程式。
範例
Imports System
Imports System.IO
Class MainClass
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim MyData As New MailToData()
Console.Write("Enter Your Name:")
MyData.Name = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write("Enter Your Address:")
MyData.Address = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write("Enter Your City, State, and ZIP Code separated by spaces:")
MyData.CityStateZip = Console.ReadLine()
Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}", MyData.Name)
Console.WriteLine("Address: {0}", MyData.Address)
Console.WriteLine("City: {0}", MyData.City)
Console.WriteLine("State: {0}", MyData.State)
Console.WriteLine("ZIP Code: {0}", MyData.Zip)
Console.WriteLine("The following address will be used:")
Console.WriteLine(MyData.Address)
Console.WriteLine(MyData.CityStateZip)
End Sub
End Class
Public Class MailToData
Private strName As String = " "
Private strAddress As String = " "
Private strCityStateZip As String = " "
Private strCity As String = " "
Private strState As String = " "
Private strZip As String = " "
Public Sub New()
End Sub
Public Property Name() As String
Get
Return strName
End Get
Set
strName = value
End Set
End Property
Public Property Address() As String
Get
Return strAddress
End Get
Set
strAddress = value
End Set
End Property
Public Property CityStateZip() As String
Get
Return ReturnCityStateZip()
End Get
Set
strCityStateZip = value
ParseCityStateZip()
End Set
End Property
Public Property City() As String
Get
Return strCity
End Get
Set
strCity = value
End Set
End Property
Public Property State() As String
Get
Return strState
End Get
Set
strState = value
End Set
End Property
Public Property Zip() As String
Get
Return strZip
End Get
Set
strZip = value
End Set
End Property
Private Sub ParseCityStateZip()
Dim CityIndex As Integer
Dim StateIndex As Integer
' Check for an exception if the user did not enter spaces between
' the elements.
Try
' Find index position of the space between
' city and state and assign that value to CityIndex.
CityIndex = strCityStateZip.IndexOf(" ")
' Initialize the CityArray to the value of the
' index position of of the first white space.
Dim CityArray(CityIndex) As Char
' Copy the city to the CityArray.
strCityStateZip.CopyTo(0, CityArray, 0, CityIndex)
' Find index position of the space between
' state and zip and assign that value to CityIndex.
StateIndex = strCityStateZip.LastIndexOf(" ")
' Initialize the StateArray to the length of the state.
Dim StateArray(StateIndex - CityIndex) As Char
' Copy the state to the StateArray.
strCityStateZip.CopyTo(CityIndex, StateArray, 0, StateIndex - CityIndex)
' Initialize the ZipArray to the length of the zip.
Dim ZipArray(strCityStateZip.Length - StateIndex) As Char
' Copy the zip to the ZipArray.
strCityStateZip.CopyTo(StateIndex, ZipArray, 0, strCityStateZip.Length - StateIndex)
' Assign city to the value of CityArray.
strCity = New String(CityArray)
' Trim white spaces, commas, and so on.
strCity = strCity.Trim(New Char() {" "c, ","c, ";"c, "-"c, ":"c})
' Assign state to the value of StateArray.
strState = New String(StateArray)
' Trim white spaces, commas, and so on.
strState = strState.Trim(New Char() {" "c, ","c, ";"c, "-"c, ":"c})
' Assign zip to the value of ZipArray.
strZip = New String(ZipArray)
' Trim white spaces, commas, and so on.
strZip = strZip.Trim(New Char() {" "c, ","c, ";"c, "-"c, ":"c})
' If an exception is encountered, alert the user to enter spaces
' between the elements.
Catch OverflowException As Exception
Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.Lf + ControlChars.Lf + "You must enter spaces between elements." + ControlChars.Lf + ControlChars.Lf)
End Try
End Sub
Private Function ReturnCityStateZip() As String
' Make state uppercase.
strState = strState.ToUpper()
' Put the value of city, state, and zip together in the proper manner.
Dim MyCityStateZip As String = String.Concat(strCity, ", ", strState, " ", strZip)
Return MyCityStateZip
End Function
End Class
using System;
class MainClass
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
MailToData MyData = new MailToData();
Console.Write("Enter Your Name:");
MyData.Name = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Enter Your Address:");
MyData.Address = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Enter Your City, State, and ZIP Code separated by spaces:");
MyData.CityStateZip = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}", MyData.Name);
Console.WriteLine("Address: {0}", MyData.Address);
Console.WriteLine("City: {0}", MyData.City);
Console.WriteLine("State: {0}", MyData.State);
Console.WriteLine("Zip: {0}", MyData.Zip);
Console.WriteLine("The following address will be used:");
Console.WriteLine(MyData.Address);
Console.WriteLine(MyData.CityStateZip);
}
}
public class MailToData
{
string name = " ";
string address = " ";
string citystatezip = " ";
string city = " ";
string state = " ";
string zip = " ";
public MailToData()
{
}
public string Name
{
get{return name;}
set{name = value;}
}
public string Address
{
get{return address;}
set{address = value;}
}
public string CityStateZip
{
get
{
return ReturnCityStateZip();
}
set
{
citystatezip = value;
ParseCityStateZip();
}
}
public string City
{
get{return city;}
set{city = value;}
}
public string State
{
get{return state;}
set{state = value;}
}
public string Zip
{
get{return zip;}
set{zip = value;}
}
private void ParseCityStateZip()
{
int CityIndex;
int StateIndex;
// Check for an exception if the user did not enter spaces between
// the elements.
try
{
// Find index position of the space between
// city and state and assign that value to CityIndex.
CityIndex = citystatezip.IndexOf(" ");
// Initialize the CityArray to the value of the
// index position of the first white space.
char[] CityArray = new char[CityIndex];
// Copy the city to the CityArray.
citystatezip.CopyTo(0,CityArray ,0, CityIndex);
// Find index position of the space between
// state and zip and assign that value to CityIndex.
StateIndex = citystatezip.LastIndexOf(" ");
// Initialize the StateArray to the length of the state.
char[] StateArray = new char[StateIndex - CityIndex];
// Copy the state to the StateArray.
citystatezip.CopyTo(CityIndex, StateArray, 0, (StateIndex - CityIndex));
// Initialize the ZipArray to the length of the zip.
char[] ZipArray = new char[citystatezip.Length - StateIndex];
// Copy the zip to the ZipArray.
citystatezip.CopyTo(StateIndex, ZipArray, 0, (citystatezip.Length - StateIndex));
// Assign city to the value of CityArray.
city = new String(CityArray);
// Trim white spaces, commas, and so on.
city = city.Trim(new char[]{' ', ',', ';', '-', ':'});
// Assign state to the value of StateArray.
state = new String(StateArray);
// Trim white spaces, commas, and so on.
state = state.Trim(new char[]{' ', ',', ';', '-', ':'});
// Assign zip to the value of ZipArray.
zip = new String(ZipArray);
// Trim white spaces, commas, and so on.
zip = zip.Trim(new char[]{' ', ',', ';', '-', ':'});
}
// If an exception is encountered, alert the user to enter spaces
// between the elements.
catch(OverflowException)
{
Console.WriteLine("\n\nYou must enter spaces between elements.\n\n");
}
}
private string ReturnCityStateZip()
{
// Make state uppercase.
state = state.ToUpper();
// Put the value of city, state, and zip together in the proper manner.
string MyCityStateZip = String.Concat(city, ", ", state, " ", zip);
return MyCityStateZip;
}
}
using namespace System;
public ref class MailToData
{
private:
String^ name;
String^ address;
String^ citystatezip;
String^ city;
String^ state;
String^ zip;
public:
MailToData()
{
name = " ";
address = " ";
citystatezip = " ";
city = " ";
state = " ";
zip = " ";
}
property String^ Name
{
String^ get() {return name;}
void set(String^ value) {name = value;}
}
property String^ Address
{
String^ get() {return address;}
void set(String^ value) {address = value;}
}
property String^ CityStateZip
{
String^ get()
{
return ReturnCityStateZip();
}
void set(String^ value)
{
citystatezip = value;
ParseCityStateZip();
}
}
property String^ City
{
String^ get(){return city;}
void set(String^ value) {city = value;}
}
property String^ State
{
String^ get(){return state;}
void set(String^ value) {state = value;}
}
property String^ Zip
{
String^ get(){return zip;}
void set(String^ value) {zip = value;}
}
private:
void ParseCityStateZip()
{
int CityIndex;
int StateIndex;
// Check for an exception if the user did not enter spaces between
// the elements.
try
{
// Find index position of the space between
// city and state and assign that value to CityIndex.
CityIndex = citystatezip->IndexOf(" ");
// Initialize the CityArray to the value of the
// index position of the first white space.
array<Char>^ CityArray = gcnew array<Char>(CityIndex);
// Copy the city to the CityArray.
citystatezip->CopyTo(0, CityArray, 0, CityIndex);
// Find index position of the space between
// state and zip and assign that value to CityIndex.
StateIndex = citystatezip->LastIndexOf(" ");
// Initialize the StateArray to the length of the state.
array<Char>^ StateArray = gcnew array<Char>(StateIndex - CityIndex);
// Copy the state to the StateArray.
citystatezip->CopyTo(CityIndex, StateArray, 0, (StateIndex - CityIndex));
// Initialize the ZipArray to the length of the zip.
array<Char>^ ZipArray = gcnew array<Char>(citystatezip->Length - StateIndex);
// Copy the zip to the ZipArray.
citystatezip->CopyTo(StateIndex, ZipArray, 0, (citystatezip->Length - StateIndex));
// Assign city to the value of CityArray.
city = gcnew String(CityArray);
// Trim white spaces, commas, and so on.
city = city->Trim(gcnew array<Char>{' ', ',', ';', '-', ':'});
// Assign state to the value of StateArray.
state = gcnew String(StateArray);
// Trim white spaces, commas, and so on.
state = state->Trim(gcnew array<Char>{' ', ',', ';', '-', ':'});
// Assign zip to the value of ZipArray.
zip = gcnew String(ZipArray);
// Trim white spaces, commas, and so on.
zip = zip->Trim(gcnew array<Char>{' ', ',', ';', '-', ':'});
}
// If an exception is encountered, alert the user to enter spaces
// between the elements.
catch (OverflowException^)
{
Console::WriteLine("\n\nYou must enter spaces between elements.\n\n");
}
}
String^ ReturnCityStateZip()
{
// Make state uppercase.
state = state->ToUpper();
// Put the value of city, state, and zip together in the proper manner.
String^ MyCityStateZip = String::Concat(city, ", ", state, " ", zip);
return MyCityStateZip;
}
};
ref class MainClass
{
public:
static void Main()
{
MailToData^ MyData = gcnew MailToData();
Console::Write("Enter Your Name:");
MyData->Name = Console::ReadLine();
Console::Write("Enter Your Address:");
MyData->Address = Console::ReadLine();
Console::Write("Enter Your City, State, and ZIP Code separated by spaces:");
MyData->CityStateZip = Console::ReadLine();
Console::WriteLine("Name: {0}", MyData->Name);
Console::WriteLine("Address: {0}", MyData->Address);
Console::WriteLine("City: {0}", MyData->City);
Console::WriteLine("State: {0}", MyData->State);
Console::WriteLine("Zip: {0}", MyData->Zip);
Console::WriteLine("The following address will be used:");
Console::WriteLine(MyData->Address);
Console::WriteLine(MyData->CityStateZip);
}
};
int main()
{
MainClass::Main();
}
執行上述程式碼時，會要求使用者輸入自己的姓名和地址。 應用程式會將這項資訊放入適當的屬性中，並建立出顯示城市、省/市和郵遞區號資訊的單一字串，將資訊重新顯示給使用者看。