Directory.GetParent(String) 方法

public:
 static System::IO::DirectoryInfo ^ GetParent(System::String ^ path);

public static System.IO.DirectoryInfo GetParent (string path);

public static System.IO.DirectoryInfo? GetParent (string path);

static member GetParent : string -> System.IO.DirectoryInfo

Public Shared Function GetParent (path As String) As DirectoryInfo

参数

返回

父目录，如果 path 是根目录，包括 UNC 服务器或共享名的根，则为 null。

例外

示例

以下示例演示如何使用 GetParent 方法检索用户指定位置“path”的父目录。 然后， GetParent 方法返回的值将输出到控制台。 该示例配置为捕获此方法常见的所有错误。

using namespace System;
class Class1
{
public:
   void PrintFileSystemEntries( String^ path )
   {
      try
      {
         
         // Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
         array<String^>^directoryEntries = System::IO::Directory::GetFileSystemEntries( path );
         for ( int i = 0; i < directoryEntries->Length; i++ )
         {
            System::Console::WriteLine( directoryEntries[ i ] );

         }
      }
      catch ( ArgumentNullException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is a null reference." );
      }
      catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The caller does not have the \HelloServer'                  required permission." );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer'                  contains only white spaces, \HelloServer'                  or contains invalid characters." );
      }
      catch ( System::IO::DirectoryNotFoundException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The path encapsulated in the \HelloServer'                  Directory object does not exist." );
      }

   }

   void PrintFileSystemEntries( String^ path, String^ pattern )
   {
      try
      {
         
         // Obtain the file system entries in the directory
         // path that match the pattern.
         array<String^>^directoryEntries = System::IO::Directory::GetFileSystemEntries( path, pattern );
         for ( int i = 0; i < directoryEntries->Length; i++ )
         {
            System::Console::WriteLine( directoryEntries[ i ] );

         }
      }
      catch ( ArgumentNullException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is a null reference." );
      }
      catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The caller does not have the \HelloServer'                  required permission." );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer'                  contains only white spaces, \HelloServer'                  or contains invalid characters." );
      }
      catch ( System::IO::DirectoryNotFoundException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The path encapsulated in the \HelloServer'                  Directory object does not exist." );
      }

   }


   // Print out all logical drives on the system.
   void GetLogicalDrives()
   {
      try
      {
         array<String^>^drives = System::IO::Directory::GetLogicalDrives();
         for ( int i = 0; i < drives->Length; i++ )
         {
            System::Console::WriteLine( drives[ i ] );

         }
      }
      catch ( System::IO::IOException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "An I/O error occurs." );
      }
      catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The caller does not have the \HelloServer'                  required permission." );
      }

   }

   void GetParent( String^ path )
   {
      try
      {
         System::IO::DirectoryInfo^ directoryInfo = System::IO::Directory::GetParent( path );
         System::Console::WriteLine( directoryInfo->FullName );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentNullException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is a null reference." );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer'                  contains only white spaces, or \HelloServer'                  contains invalid characters." );
      }

   }

   void Move( String^ sourcePath, String^ destinationPath )
   {
      try
      {
         System::IO::Directory::Move( sourcePath, destinationPath );
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The directory move is complete." );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentNullException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is a null reference." );
      }
      catch ( System::Security::SecurityException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "The caller does not have the \HelloServer'                  required permission." );
      }
      catch ( ArgumentException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "Path is an empty String, \HelloServer'                  contains only white spaces, \HelloServer'                  or contains invalid characters." );
      }
      catch ( System::IO::IOException^ ) 
      {
         System::Console::WriteLine(  "An attempt was made to move a \HelloServer'                  directory to a different \HelloServer'                  volume, or destDirName \HelloServer'                  already exists." );
      }

   }

};

int main()
{
   Class1 * snippets = new Class1;
   String^ path = System::IO::Directory::GetCurrentDirectory();
   String^ filter =  "*.exe";
   snippets->PrintFileSystemEntries( path );
   snippets->PrintFileSystemEntries( path, filter );
   snippets->GetLogicalDrives();
   snippets->GetParent( path );
   snippets->Move(  "C:\\proof",  "C:\\Temp" );
   return 0;
}

using System;

namespace GetFileSystemEntries
{
    class Class1
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Class1 snippets = new Class1();

            string path = System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
            string filter = "*.exe";

            snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path);
            snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path, filter);		
            snippets.GetLogicalDrives();
            snippets.GetParent(path);
            snippets.Move("C:\\proof", "C:\\Temp");
        }

        void PrintFileSystemEntries(string path)
        {
            
            try
            {
                // Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
                string[] directoryEntries =
                    System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path);

                foreach (string str in directoryEntries)
                {
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str);
                }
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
            }
            catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
                    "required permission.");
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
                    "contains only white spaces, " +
                    "or contains invalid characters.");
            }
            catch (System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " +
                    "Directory object does not exist.");
            }
        }
        void PrintFileSystemEntries(string path, string pattern)
        {
            try
            {
                // Obtain the file system entries in the directory
                // path that match the pattern.
                string[] directoryEntries =
                    System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, pattern);

                foreach (string str in directoryEntries)
                {
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str);
                }
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
            }
            catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
                    "required permission.");
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
                    "contains only white spaces, " +
                    "or contains invalid characters.");
            }
            catch (System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " +
                    "Directory object does not exist.");
            }
        }

        // Print out all logical drives on the system.
        void GetLogicalDrives()
        {
            try
            {
                string[] drives = System.IO.Directory.GetLogicalDrives();

                foreach (string str in drives)
                {
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str);
                }
            }
            catch (System.IO.IOException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("An I/O error occurs.");
            }
            catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
                    "required permission.");
            }
        }
        void GetParent(string path)
        {
            try
            {
                System.IO.DirectoryInfo directoryInfo =
                    System.IO.Directory.GetParent(path);

                System.Console.WriteLine(directoryInfo.FullName);
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
                    "contains only white spaces, or " +
                    "contains invalid characters.");
            }
        }
        void Move(string sourcePath, string destinationPath)
        {
            try
            {
                System.IO.Directory.Move(sourcePath, destinationPath);
                System.Console.WriteLine("The directory move is complete.");
            }
            catch (ArgumentNullException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.");
            }
            catch (System.Security.SecurityException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " +
                    "required permission.");
            }
            catch (ArgumentException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " +
                    "contains only white spaces, " +
                    "or contains invalid characters.");	
            }
            catch (System.IO.IOException)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("An attempt was made to move a " +
                    "directory to a different " +
                    "volume, or destDirName " +
                    "already exists.");
            }
        }
    }
}

open System
open System.IO
open System.Security

let printFileSystemEntries path =
    try
        // Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
        let directoryEntries = Directory.GetFileSystemEntries path

        for str in directoryEntries do
            printfn $"{str}"
    with 
    | :? ArgumentNullException ->
        printfn "Path is a null reference."
    | :? SecurityException ->
        printfn $"The caller does not have the required permission."
    | :? ArgumentException ->
        printfn $"Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."
    | :? DirectoryNotFoundException ->
        printfn $"The path encapsulated in the Directory object does not exist."

let printFileSystemEntriesPattern path pattern =
    try
        // Obtain the file system entries in the directory
        // path that match the pattern.
        let directoryEntries = Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, pattern)

        for str in directoryEntries do
            printfn $"{str}"
    with
    | :? ArgumentNullException -> printfn "Path is a null reference."
    | :? SecurityException -> printfn "The caller does not have the required permission."
    | :? ArgumentException -> printfn "Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."
    | :? DirectoryNotFoundException -> printfn "The path encapsulated in the Directory object does not exist."

// Print out all logical drives on the system.
let getLogicalDrives () =
    try
        let drives = Directory.GetLogicalDrives()

        for str in drives do
            printfn $"{str}"
    with
    | :? IOException -> printfn "An I/O error occurs."
    | :? SecurityException -> printfn "The caller does not have the required permission."

let getParent path =
    try
        let directoryInfo = Directory.GetParent path
        printfn $"{directoryInfo.FullName}"

    with
    | :? ArgumentNullException -> printfn "Path is a null reference."
    | :? ArgumentException -> printfn "Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."

let move sourcePath destinationPath =
    try
        Directory.Move(sourcePath, destinationPath)
        printfn "The directory move is complete."

    with
    | :? ArgumentNullException -> printfn "Path is a null reference."
    | :? SecurityException -> printfn "The caller does not have the required permission."
    | :? ArgumentException -> printfn "Path is an empty string, contains only white spaces, or contains invalid characters."
    | :? IOException -> printfn "An attempt was made to move a directory to a different volume, or destDirName already exists."

let path = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()
let filter = "*.exe"

printFileSystemEntries path
printFileSystemEntriesPattern path filter
getLogicalDrives ()
getParent path
move "C:\\proof" "C:\\Temp"

Option Explicit On 
Option Strict On

Namespace GetFileSystemEntries
    Class Class1
        Overloads Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)
            Dim snippets As New Class1()
            Dim path As String = System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()
            Dim filter As String = "*.exe"
            snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path)
            snippets.PrintFileSystemEntries(path, filter)
            snippets.GetLogicalDrives()
            snippets.GetParent(path)
            snippets.Move("C:\proof", "C:\Temp")
        End Sub

        Sub PrintFileSystemEntries(ByVal path As String)
            Try
                ' Obtain the file system entries in the directory path.
                Dim directoryEntries As String()
                directoryEntries = System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path)
                Dim str As String
                For Each str In directoryEntries
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str)
                Next str
            Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
            Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
                                        "required permission.")
            Catch exp As ArgumentException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
                                        "contains only white spaces, " + _
                                        "or contains invalid characters.")
            Catch exp As System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " + _
                                        "Directory object does not exist.")
            End Try
        End Sub
        Sub PrintFileSystemEntries(ByVal path As String, _
                                   ByVal pattern As String)
            Try
                ' Obtain the file system entries in the directory
                ' path that match the pattern.
                Dim directoryEntries As String()
                directoryEntries = _
                   System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries(path, pattern)

                Dim str As String
                For Each str In directoryEntries
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str)
                Next str
            Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
            Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
                                        "required permission.")
            Catch exp As ArgumentException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
                                        "contains only white spaces, " + _
                                        "or contains invalid characters.")
            Catch exp As System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The path encapsulated in the " + _
                                        "Directory object does not exist.")
            End Try
        End Sub

        ' Print out all logical drives on the system.
        Sub GetLogicalDrives()
            Try
                Dim drives As String()
                drives = System.IO.Directory.GetLogicalDrives()

                Dim str As String
                For Each str In drives
                    System.Console.WriteLine(str)
                Next str
            Catch exp As System.IO.IOException
                System.Console.WriteLine("An I/O error occurs.")
            Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
                                           "required permission.")
            End Try
        End Sub
        Sub GetParent(ByVal path As String)
            Try
                Dim directoryInfo As System.IO.DirectoryInfo
                directoryInfo = System.IO.Directory.GetParent(path)
                System.Console.WriteLine(directoryInfo.FullName)
            Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
            Catch exp As ArgumentException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
                                     "contains only white spaces, or " + _
                                     "contains invalid characters.")
            End Try
        End Sub
        Sub Move(ByVal sourcePath As String, ByVal destinationPath As String)
            Try
                System.IO.Directory.Move(sourcePath, destinationPath)
                System.Console.WriteLine("The directory move is complete.")
            Catch exp As ArgumentNullException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is a null reference.")
            Catch exp As System.Security.SecurityException
                System.Console.WriteLine("The caller does not have the " + _
                                           "required permission.")
            Catch exp As ArgumentException
                System.Console.WriteLine("Path is an empty string, " + _
                                        "contains only white spaces, " + _
                                        "or contains invalid characters.")
            Catch exp As System.IO.IOException
                System.Console.WriteLine("An attempt was made to move a " + _
                                        "directory to a different " + _
                                        "volume, or destDirName " + _
                                        "already exists.")
            End Try
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace

注解

参数 path 可以指定相对或绝对路径信息。 相对路径信息解释为相对于当前工作目录。 若要获取当前工作目录，请参阅 GetCurrentDirectory。

在获取目录之前， path 将从参数末尾删除尾随空格。

此方法返回的字符串由路径中最后一个 或 AltDirectorySeparatorChar（不包括 DirectorySeparatorChar ）的所有字符组成。 例如，将路径“C:\Directory\SubDirectory\test.txt”传递给 GetParent 将返回“C：\Directory\SubDirectory”。 传递“C：\Directory\SubDirectory”将返回“C：\Directory”。 但是，传递“C：\Directory\SubDirectory\”将返回“C：\Directory\SubDirectory”，因为结束目录分隔符位于“SubDirectory”之后。

参数的 path 区分大小写对应于运行代码的文件系统的区分大小写。 例如，它在 NTFS 上不区分大小写， (默认 Windows 文件系统) ，Linux 文件系统上区分大小写。

有关常见 I/O 任务的列表，请参阅 常见 I/O 任务。

适用于

另请参阅

• DirectoryInfo
• 文件和流 I/O
• 如何：从文件中读取文本
• 如何：将文本写入文件