ADO.NET 代码示例
本主题中的代码列表演示如何使用下面的 ADO.NET 技术从数据库中检索数据:
ADO.NET 数据提供程序:
.NET Framework Data Provider for SQL Server (System.Data.SqlClient)
.NET Framework Data Provider for OLE DB (System.Data.OleDb)
.NET Framework Data Provider for ODBC (System.Data.Odbc)
.NET Framework Data Provider for Oracle (System.Data.OracleClient)
ADO.NET 实体框架:
LINQ to Entities
Typed ObjectQuery
EntityClient data provider (System.Data.EntityClient)
LINQ to SQL
ADO.NET 数据提供程序示例
以下代码列表演示如何使用 ADO.NET 数据提供程序从数据库中检索数据。 数据在一个 DataReader 中返回。 有关更多信息,请参见使用 DataReader 检索数据 (ADO.NET)。
SqlClient
此示例中的代码假定您可以连接到 Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 或更高版本上的 Northwind 示例数据库。 在此情形 5 中,示例代码创建一个 SqlCommand 以从 Products 表中选择行,并添加 SqlParameter 来将结果限制为其 UnitPrice 大于指定参数值的行。 SqlConnection 在 using 块内打开,这将确保在代码退出时会关闭和释放资源。 示例代码使用 SqlDataReader 执行命令,并在控制台窗口中显示结果。
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Public Class Program
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim connectionString As String = _
"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=Northwind;" _
& "Integrated Security=true"
' Provide the query string with a parameter placeholder.
Dim queryString As String = _
"SELECT ProductID, UnitPrice, ProductName from dbo.Products " _
& "WHERE UnitPrice > @pricePoint " _
& "ORDER BY UnitPrice DESC;"
' Specify the parameter value.
Dim paramValue As Integer = 5
' Create and open the connection in a using block. This
' ensures that all resources will be closed and disposed
' when the code exits.
Using connection As New SqlConnection(connectionString)
' Create the Command and Parameter objects.
Dim command As New SqlCommand(queryString, connection)
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@pricePoint", paramValue)
' Open the connection in a try/catch block.
' Create and execute the DataReader, writing the result
' set to the console window.
Try
connection.Open()
Dim dataReader As SqlDataReader = _
command.ExecuteReader()
Do While dataReader.Read()
Console.WriteLine( _
vbTab & "{0}" & vbTab & "{1}" & vbTab & "{2}", _
dataReader(0), dataReader(1), dataReader(2))
Loop
dataReader.Close()
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
Console.ReadLine()
End Using
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
string connectionString =
"Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=Northwind;"
+ "Integrated Security=true";
// Provide the query string with a parameter placeholder.
string queryString =
"SELECT ProductID, UnitPrice, ProductName from dbo.products "
+ "WHERE UnitPrice > @pricePoint "
+ "ORDER BY UnitPrice DESC;";
// Specify the parameter value.
int paramValue = 5;
// Create and open the connection in a using block. This
// ensures that all resources will be closed and disposed
// when the code exits.
using (SqlConnection connection =
new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
// Create the Command and Parameter objects.
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(queryString, connection);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@pricePoint", paramValue);
// Open the connection in a try/catch block.
// Create and execute the DataReader, writing the result
// set to the console window.
try
{
connection.Open();
SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine("\t{0}\t{1}\t{2}",
reader[0], reader[1], reader[2]);
}
reader.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
[Top]
OleDb
此示例中的代码假定您可以连接到 Microsoft Access Northwind 示例数据库。 在此情形 5 中,示例代码创建一个 OleDbCommand 以从 Products 表中选择行,并添加一个 OleDbParameter 来将结果限制为其 UnitPrice 大于指定参数值的行。 OleDbConnection 在 using 块内打开,这将确保在代码退出时会关闭和释放资源。 示例代码使用 OleDbDataReader 执行命令,并在控制台窗口中显示结果。
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.OleDb
Public Class Program
Public Shared Sub Main()
' The connection string assumes that the Access
' Northwind.mdb is located in the c:\Data folder.
Dim connectionString As String = _
"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" _
& "c:\Data\Northwind.mdb;User Id=admin;Password=;"
' Provide the query string with a parameter placeholder.
Dim queryString As String = _
"SELECT ProductID, UnitPrice, ProductName from Products " _
& "WHERE UnitPrice > ? " _
& "ORDER BY UnitPrice DESC;"
' Specify the parameter value.
Dim paramValue As Integer = 5
' Create and open the connection in a using block. This
' ensures that all resources will be closed and disposed
' when the code exits.
Using connection As New OleDbConnection(connectionString)
' Create the Command and Parameter objects.
Dim command As New OleDbCommand(queryString, connection)
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@pricePoint", paramValue)
' Open the connection in a try/catch block.
' Create and execute the DataReader, writing the result
' set to the console window.
Try
connection.Open()
Dim dataReader As OleDbDataReader = _
command.ExecuteReader()
Do While dataReader.Read()
Console.WriteLine( _
vbTab & "{0}" & vbTab & "{1}" & vbTab & "{2}", _
dataReader(0), dataReader(1), dataReader(2))
Loop
dataReader.Close()
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
Console.ReadLine()
End Using
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.OleDb;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
// The connection string assumes that the Access
// Northwind.mdb is located in the c:\Data folder.
string connectionString =
"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="
+ "c:\\Data\\Northwind.mdb;User Id=admin;Password=;";
// Provide the query string with a parameter placeholder.
string queryString =
"SELECT ProductID, UnitPrice, ProductName from products "
+ "WHERE UnitPrice > ? "
+ "ORDER BY UnitPrice DESC;";
// Specify the parameter value.
int paramValue = 5;
// Create and open the connection in a using block. This
// ensures that all resources will be closed and disposed
// when the code exits.
using (OleDbConnection connection =
new OleDbConnection(connectionString))
{
// Create the Command and Parameter objects.
OleDbCommand command = new OleDbCommand(queryString, connection);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@pricePoint", paramValue);
// Open the connection in a try/catch block.
// Create and execute the DataReader, writing the result
// set to the console window.
try
{
connection.Open();
OleDbDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine("\t{0}\t{1}\t{2}",
reader[0], reader[1], reader[2]);
}
reader.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
[Top]
Odbc
此示例中的代码假定您可以连接到 Microsoft Access Northwind 示例数据库。 在此情形 5 中,示例代码创建一个 OdbcCommand 以从 Products 表中选择行,并添加一个 OdbcParameter 来将结果限制为其 UnitPrice 大于指定参数值的行。 OdbcConnection 在 using 块内打开,这将确保在代码退出时会关闭和释放资源。 示例代码使用 OdbcDataReader 执行命令,并在控制台窗口中显示结果。
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.Odbc
Public Class Program
Public Shared Sub Main()
' The connection string assumes that the Access
' Northwind.mdb is located in the c:\Data folder.
Dim connectionString As String = _
"Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};" _
& "Dbq=c:\Data\Northwind.mdb;Uid=Admin;Pwd=;"
' Provide the query string with a parameter placeholder.
Dim queryString As String = _
"SELECT ProductID, UnitPrice, ProductName from Products " _
& "WHERE UnitPrice > ? " _
& "ORDER BY UnitPrice DESC;"
' Specify the parameter value.
Dim paramValue As Integer = 5
' Create and open the connection in a using block. This
' ensures that all resources will be closed and disposed
' when the code exits.
Using connection As New OdbcConnection(connectionString)
' Create the Command and Parameter objects.
Dim command As New OdbcCommand(queryString, connection)
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@pricePoint", paramValue)
' Open the connection in a try/catch block.
' Create and execute the DataReader, writing the result
' set to the console window.
Try
connection.Open()
Dim dataReader As OdbcDataReader = _
command.ExecuteReader()
Do While dataReader.Read()
Console.WriteLine( _
vbTab & "{0}" & vbTab & "{1}" & vbTab & "{2}", _
dataReader(0), dataReader(1), dataReader(2))
Loop
dataReader.Close()
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
Console.ReadLine()
End Using
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Odbc;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
// The connection string assumes that the Access
// Northwind.mdb is located in the c:\Data folder.
string connectionString =
"Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};"
+ "Dbq=c:\\Data\\Northwind.mdb;Uid=Admin;Pwd=;";
// Provide the query string with a parameter placeholder.
string queryString =
"SELECT ProductID, UnitPrice, ProductName from products "
+ "WHERE UnitPrice > ? "
+ "ORDER BY UnitPrice DESC;";
// Specify the parameter value.
int paramValue = 5;
// Create and open the connection in a using block. This
// ensures that all resources will be closed and disposed
// when the code exits.
using (OdbcConnection connection =
new OdbcConnection(connectionString))
{
// Create the Command and Parameter objects.
OdbcCommand command = new OdbcCommand(queryString, connection);
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@pricePoint", paramValue);
// Open the connection in a try/catch block.
// Create and execute the DataReader, writing the result
// set to the console window.
try
{
connection.Open();
OdbcDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine("\t{0}\t{1}\t{2}",
reader[0], reader[1], reader[2]);
}
reader.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
[Top]
OracleClient
此示例中的代码假定已建立与 Oracle 服务器上的 DEMO.CUSTOMER 的连接。 您还必须添加对 System.Data.OracleClient.dll 的引用。 示例代码在 OracleDataReader 中返回数据。
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.OracleClient
Public Class Program
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim connectionString As String = _
"Data Source=ThisOracleServer;Integrated Security=yes;"
Dim queryString As String = _
"SELECT CUSTOMER_ID, NAME FROM DEMO.CUSTOMER"
Using connection As New OracleConnection(connectionString)
Dim command As OracleCommand = connection.CreateCommand()
command.CommandText = queryString
Try
connection.Open()
Dim dataReader As OracleDataReader = _
command.ExecuteReader()
Do While dataReader.Read()
Console.WriteLine(vbTab & "{0}" & vbTab & "{1}", _
dataReader(0), dataReader(1))
Loop
dataReader.Close()
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
End Using
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.OracleClient;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
string connectionString =
"Data Source=ThisOracleServer;Integrated Security=yes;";
string queryString =
"SELECT CUSTOMER_ID, NAME FROM DEMO.CUSTOMER";
using (OracleConnection connection =
new OracleConnection(connectionString))
{
OracleCommand command = connection.CreateCommand();
command.CommandText = queryString;
try
{
connection.Open();
OracleDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine("\t{0}\t{1}",
reader[0], reader[1]);
}
reader.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}
[Top]
实体框架示例
以下代码列表演示如何通过查询实体数据模型 (EDM) 中的实体来从数据源检索数据。 这些示例使用 Northwind 模型。 有关更多信息,请参见Introducing the Entity Framework。
LINQ to Entities
此示例中的代码使用 LINQ 查询以 Categories 对象的形式返回数据,这些对象将作为仅包含 CategoryID 和 CategoryName 属性的匿名类型提取。 有关更多信息,请参见 LINQ to Entities Overview。
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Data.Objects
Imports NorthwindModel
Class LinqSample
Public Shared Sub ExecuteQuery()
Using context As NorthwindEntities = New NorthwindEntities()
Try
Dim query = From category In context.Categories _
Select New With _
{ _
.categoryID = category.CategoryID, _
.categoryName = category.CategoryName _
}
For Each categoryInfo In query
Console.WriteLine(vbTab & "{0}" & vbTab & "{1}", _
categoryInfo.categoryID, categoryInfo.categoryName)
Next
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
End Using
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Data.Objects;
using NorthwindModel;
class LinqSample
{
public static void ExecuteQuery()
{
using (NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities())
{
try
{
var query = from category in context.Categories
select new
{
categoryID = category.CategoryID,
categoryName = category.CategoryName
};
foreach (var categoryInfo in query)
{
Console.WriteLine("\t{0}\t{1}",
categoryInfo.categoryID, categoryInfo.categoryName);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}
[Top]
类型化 ObjectQuery
此示例中的代码使用 ObjectQuery<T> 以 Categories 对象的形式返回数据。 有关更多信息,请参见Object Queries (Entity Framework)。
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System
Imports System.Data.Objects
Imports NorthwindModel
Class ObjectQuerySample
Public Shared Sub ExecuteQuery()
Using context As NorthwindEntities = New NorthwindEntities()
Dim categoryQuery As ObjectQuery(Of Category) = context.Categories
For Each category As Category In _
categoryQuery.Execute(MergeOption.AppendOnly)
Console.WriteLine(vbTab & "{0}" & vbTab & "{1}", _
category.CategoryID, category.CategoryName)
Next
End Using
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Data.Objects;
using NorthwindModel;
class ObjectQuerySample
{
public static void ExecuteQuery()
{
using (NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities())
{
ObjectQuery<Category> categoryQuery = context.Categories;
foreach (Category category in
categoryQuery.Execute(MergeOption.AppendOnly))
{
Console.WriteLine("\t{0}\t{1}",
category.CategoryID, category.CategoryName);
}
}
}
}
[Top]
EntityClient
此示例中的代码使用 EntityCommand 来执行实体 SQL 查询。 此查询会返回表示 Categories 实体类型的实例的记录的列表。 EntityDataReader 用于访问结果集中的数据记录。 有关更多信息,请参见EntityClient Provider for Entity Framework。
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.Common
Imports System.Data.EntityClient
Imports NorthwindModel
Class EntityClientSample
Public Shared Sub ExecuteQuery()
Dim queryString As String = _
"SELECT c.CategoryID, c.CategoryName " & _
"FROM NorthwindEntities.Categories AS c"
Using conn As EntityConnection = _
New EntityConnection("name=NorthwindEntities")
Try
conn.Open()
Using query As EntityCommand = _
New EntityCommand(queryString, conn)
Using rdr As DbDataReader = _
query.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess)
While rdr.Read()
Console.WriteLine(vbTab & "{0}" & vbTab & "{1}", _
rdr(0), rdr(1))
End While
End Using
End Using
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
End Using
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Data.EntityClient;
class EntityClientSample
{
public static void ExecuteQuery()
{
string queryString =
@"SELECT c.CategoryID, c.CategoryName
FROM NorthwindEntities.Categories AS c";
using (EntityConnection conn =
new EntityConnection("name=NorthwindEntities"))
{
try
{
conn.Open();
using (EntityCommand query = new EntityCommand(queryString, conn))
{
using (DbDataReader rdr =
query.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess))
{
while (rdr.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine("\t{0}\t{1}", rdr[0], rdr[1]);
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}
[Top]
LINQ to SQL
此示例中的代码使用 LINQ 查询以 Categories 对象的形式返回数据,这些对象将作为仅包含 CategoryID 和 CategoryName 属性的匿名类型提取。 此示例基于 Northwind 数据上下文。 有关更多信息,请参见入门 (LINQ to SQL)。
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Text
Imports Northwind
Class LinqSqlSample
Public Shared Sub ExecuteQuery()
Using db As NorthwindDataContext = New NorthwindDataContext()
Try
Dim query = From category In db.Categories _
Select New With _
{ _
.categoryID = category.CategoryID, _
.categoryName = category.CategoryName _
}
For Each categoryInfo In query
Console.WriteLine(vbTab & "{0}" & vbTab & "{1}", _
categoryInfo.categoryID, categoryInfo.categoryName)
Next
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
End Try
End Using
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Northwind;
class LinqSqlSample
{
public static void ExecuteQuery()
{
using (NorthwindDataContext db = new NorthwindDataContext())
{
try
{
var query = from category in db.Categories
select new
{
categoryID = category.CategoryID,
categoryName = category.CategoryName
};
foreach (var categoryInfo in query)
{
Console.WriteLine("vbTab {0} vbTab {1}",
categoryInfo.categoryID, categoryInfo.categoryName);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}
[Top]
请参见
其他资源
Querying an Entity Data Model (Entity Framework Tasks)
How to: Execute a Query that Returns an Anonymous Type (Entity Framework)