演练：创建未绑定的 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件

项目
08/12/2011

您可能经常需要显示并非来自数据库的表格数据。例如，您可能要显示一个二维字符串数组的内容。 DataGridView 类提供一种在不绑定到数据源的情况下显示数据的方法，此方法既简单，又具有非常强的可自定义性。本演练演示如何在“取消绑定”模式下填充 DataGridView 控件以及管理行的添加和删除。默认情况下，用户可以添加新行。要禁止添加行，应将 AllowUserToAddRows 属性设置为 false。

若要以单个列表的形式复制本主题中的代码，请参见如何：创建未绑定的 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件。

创建窗体

使用未绑定的 DataGridView 控件

创建一个从 Form 派生并包含下列变量声明和 Main 方法的类。

Imports System
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private buttonPanel As New Panel
    Private WithEvents songsDataGridView As New DataGridView
    Private WithEvents addNewRowButton As New Button
    Private WithEvents deleteRowButton As New Button


...



    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.EnableVisualStyles()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

End Class

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    private Panel buttonPanel = new Panel();
    private DataGridView songsDataGridView = new DataGridView();
    private Button addNewRowButton = new Button();
    private Button deleteRowButton = new Button();


...



    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }
}

在窗体的类定义中实现一个 SetupLayout 方法以设置窗体的布局。

Private Sub SetupLayout()

    Me.Size = New Size(600, 500)

    With addNewRowButton
        .Text = "Add Row"
        .Location = New Point(10, 10)
    End With

    With deleteRowButton
        .Text = "Delete Row"
        .Location = New Point(100, 10)
    End With

    With buttonPanel
        .Controls.Add(addNewRowButton)
        .Controls.Add(deleteRowButton)
        .Height = 50
        .Dock = DockStyle.Bottom
    End With

    Me.Controls.Add(Me.buttonPanel)

End Sub

private void SetupLayout()
{
    this.Size = new Size(600, 500);

    addNewRowButton.Text = "Add Row";
    addNewRowButton.Location = new Point(10, 10);
    addNewRowButton.Click += new EventHandler(addNewRowButton_Click);

    deleteRowButton.Text = "Delete Row";
    deleteRowButton.Location = new Point(100, 10);
    deleteRowButton.Click += new EventHandler(deleteRowButton_Click);

    buttonPanel.Controls.Add(addNewRowButton);
    buttonPanel.Controls.Add(deleteRowButton);
    buttonPanel.Height = 50;
    buttonPanel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom;

    this.Controls.Add(this.buttonPanel);
}

创建一个 SetupDataGridView 方法以设置 DataGridView 的列和属性。

此方法首先向窗体的 Controls 集合中添加 DataGridView 控件。接下来，使用 ColumnCount 属性设置要显示的列数。列标题的默认样式是通过设置 ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle 属性返回的 DataGridViewCellStyle 的 BackColor、ForeColor 和 Font 属性来设置的。

布局和外观属性设置好后，接下来该分配列名了。此方法退出后，便可以填充 DataGridView 控件了。

Private Sub SetupDataGridView()

    Me.Controls.Add(songsDataGridView)

    songsDataGridView.ColumnCount = 5
    With songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle
        .BackColor = Color.Navy
        .ForeColor = Color.White
        .Font = New Font(songsDataGridView.Font, FontStyle.Bold)
    End With

    With songsDataGridView
        .Name = "songsDataGridView"
        .Location = New Point(8, 8)
        .Size = New Size(500, 250)
        .AutoSizeRowsMode = _
            DataGridViewAutoSizeRowsMode.DisplayedCellsExceptHeaders
        .ColumnHeadersBorderStyle = DataGridViewHeaderBorderStyle.Single
        .CellBorderStyle = DataGridViewCellBorderStyle.Single
        .GridColor = Color.Black
        .RowHeadersVisible = False

        .Columns(0).Name = "Release Date"
        .Columns(1).Name = "Track"
        .Columns(2).Name = "Title"
        .Columns(3).Name = "Artist"
        .Columns(4).Name = "Album"
        .Columns(4).DefaultCellStyle.Font = _
            New Font(Me.songsDataGridView.DefaultCellStyle.Font, FontStyle.Italic)

        .SelectionMode = DataGridViewSelectionMode.FullRowSelect
        .MultiSelect = False
        .Dock = DockStyle.Fill
    End With

End Sub

private void SetupDataGridView()
{
    this.Controls.Add(songsDataGridView);

    songsDataGridView.ColumnCount = 5;

    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.BackColor = Color.Navy;
    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.ForeColor = Color.White;
    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.Font =
        new Font(songsDataGridView.Font, FontStyle.Bold);

    songsDataGridView.Name = "songsDataGridView";
    songsDataGridView.Location = new Point(8, 8);
    songsDataGridView.Size = new Size(500, 250);
    songsDataGridView.AutoSizeRowsMode =
        DataGridViewAutoSizeRowsMode.DisplayedCellsExceptHeaders;
    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersBorderStyle =
        DataGridViewHeaderBorderStyle.Single;
    songsDataGridView.CellBorderStyle = DataGridViewCellBorderStyle.Single;
    songsDataGridView.GridColor = Color.Black;
    songsDataGridView.RowHeadersVisible = false;

    songsDataGridView.Columns[0].Name = "Release Date";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[1].Name = "Track";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[2].Name = "Title";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[3].Name = "Artist";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[4].Name = "Album";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[4].DefaultCellStyle.Font =
        new Font(songsDataGridView.DefaultCellStyle.Font, FontStyle.Italic);

    songsDataGridView.SelectionMode =
        DataGridViewSelectionMode.FullRowSelect;
    songsDataGridView.MultiSelect = false;
    songsDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

    songsDataGridView.CellFormatting += new
        DataGridViewCellFormattingEventHandler(
        songsDataGridView_CellFormatting);
}

创建一个 PopulateDataGridView 方法以便向 DataGridView 控件中添加行。

每一行都表示一首歌曲及其关联信息。

Private Sub PopulateDataGridView()

    Dim row0 As String() = {"11/22/1968", "29", "Revolution 9", _
        "Beatles", "The Beatles [White Album]"}
    Dim row1 As String() = {"1960", "6", "Fools Rush In", _
        "Frank Sinatra", "Nice 'N' Easy"}
    Dim row2 As String() = {"11/11/1971", "1", "One of These Days", _
        "Pink Floyd", "Meddle"}
    Dim row3 As String() = {"1988", "7", "Where Is My Mind?", _
        "Pixies", "Surfer Rosa"}
    Dim row4 As String() = {"5/1981", "9", "Can't Find My Mind", _
        "Cramps", "Psychedelic Jungle"}
    Dim row5 As String() = {"6/10/2003", "13", _
        "Scatterbrain. (As Dead As Leaves.)", _
        "Radiohead", "Hail to the Thief"}
    Dim row6 As String() = {"6/30/1992", "3", "Dress", "P J Harvey", "Dry"}

    With Me.songsDataGridView.Rows
        .Add(row0)
        .Add(row1)
        .Add(row2)
        .Add(row3)
        .Add(row4)
        .Add(row5)
        .Add(row6)
    End With

    With Me.songsDataGridView
        .Columns(0).DisplayIndex = 3
        .Columns(1).DisplayIndex = 4
        .Columns(2).DisplayIndex = 0
        .Columns(3).DisplayIndex = 1
        .Columns(4).DisplayIndex = 2
    End With

End Sub

private void PopulateDataGridView()
{

    string[] row0 = { "11/22/1968", "29", "Revolution 9", 
        "Beatles", "The Beatles [White Album]" };
    string[] row1 = { "1960", "6", "Fools Rush In", 
        "Frank Sinatra", "Nice 'N' Easy" };
    string[] row2 = { "11/11/1971", "1", "One of These Days", 
        "Pink Floyd", "Meddle" };
    string[] row3 = { "1988", "7", "Where Is My Mind?", 
        "Pixies", "Surfer Rosa" };
    string[] row4 = { "5/1981", "9", "Can't Find My Mind", 
        "Cramps", "Psychedelic Jungle" };
    string[] row5 = { "6/10/2003", "13", 
        "Scatterbrain. (As Dead As Leaves.)", 
        "Radiohead", "Hail to the Thief" };
    string[] row6 = { "6/30/1992", "3", "Dress", "P J Harvey", "Dry" };

    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row0);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row1);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row2);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row3);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row4);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row5);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row6);

    songsDataGridView.Columns[0].DisplayIndex = 3;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[1].DisplayIndex = 4;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[2].DisplayIndex = 0;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[3].DisplayIndex = 1;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[4].DisplayIndex = 2;
}

实用工具方法创建好后，便可以开始附加事件处理程序了。

您将处理**“添加”和“删除”**按钮的 Click 事件、窗体的 Load 事件以及 DataGridView 控件的 CellFormatting 事件。

当**“添加”**按钮的 Click 事件引发时，会向 DataGridView 中添加一个新的空行。

当**“删除”**按钮的 Click 事件引发时，会删除选定的行，除非它是新记录行（该行使用户可以添加新行）。该行始终是 DataGridView 控件中的最后一行。

当窗体的 Load 事件被引发时，会调用 SetupLayout、SetupDataGridView 和 PopulateDataGridView 实用工具方法。

当 CellFormatting 事件被引发时，Date 列中的每个单元格都格式化为一个长日期，除非单元格的值无法分析。

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load

    SetupLayout()
    SetupDataGridView()
    PopulateDataGridView()

End Sub

Private Sub songsDataGridView_CellFormatting(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellFormattingEventArgs) _
    Handles songsDataGridView.CellFormatting

    If e IsNot Nothing Then

        If Me.songsDataGridView.Columns(e.ColumnIndex).Name = _
        "Release Date" Then
            If e.Value IsNot Nothing Then
                Try
                    e.Value = DateTime.Parse(e.Value.ToString()) _
                        .ToLongDateString()
                    e.FormattingApplied = True
                Catch ex As FormatException
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} is not a valid date.", e.Value.ToString())
                End Try
            End If
        End If

    End If

End Sub

Private Sub addNewRowButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles addNewRowButton.Click

    Me.songsDataGridView.Rows.Add()

End Sub

Private Sub deleteRowButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles deleteRowButton.Click

    If Me.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows.Count > 0 AndAlso _
        Not Me.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows(0).Index = _
        Me.songsDataGridView.Rows.Count - 1 Then

        Me.songsDataGridView.Rows.RemoveAt( _
            Me.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows(0).Index)

    End If

End Sub

public Form1()
{
    this.Load += new EventHandler(Form1_Load);
}

private void Form1_Load(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    SetupLayout();
    SetupDataGridView();
    PopulateDataGridView();
}

private void songsDataGridView_CellFormatting(object sender,
    System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellFormattingEventArgs e)
{
    if (e != null)
    {
        if (this.songsDataGridView.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Name == "Release Date")
        {
            if (e.Value != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    e.Value = DateTime.Parse(e.Value.ToString())
                        .ToLongDateString();
                    e.FormattingApplied = true;
                }
                catch (FormatException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} is not a valid date.", e.Value.ToString());
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

private void addNewRowButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    this.songsDataGridView.Rows.Add();
}

private void deleteRowButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (this.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows.Count > 0 &&
        this.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows[0].Index !=
        this.songsDataGridView.Rows.Count - 1)
    {
        this.songsDataGridView.Rows.RemoveAt(
            this.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows[0].Index);
    }
}

测试应用程序

现在可以测试窗体，以确保它的行为与预期相同。

测试窗体

按 F5 运行应用程序。

您将看到一个 DataGridView 控件，它显示 PopulateDataGridView 中列出的歌曲。可以使用**“添加行”按钮添加新行，使用“删除行”**按钮删除选定的行。未绑定的 DataGridView 控件是数据存储区，它的数据独立于任何外部源，如 DataSet 或数组。

后续步骤

此应用程序使您对 DataGridView 控件的功能有一个基本了解。您可以通过以下几种方法来自定义 DataGridView 控件的外观和行为：

更改边框和标题样式。有关更多信息，请参见如何：更改 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中的边框和网格线的样式。
允许或限制用户向 DataGridView 控件中输入数据。有关更多信息，请参见如何：防止在 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中添加和删除行和如何：使 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中的列只读。
检查用户输入中是否有与数据库有关的错误。有关更多信息，请参见演练：处理在 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中输入数据时发生的错误。
使用虚拟模式处理特大数据集。有关更多信息，请参见演练：在 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中实现虚拟模式。
自定义单元格的外观。有关更多信息，请参见如何：自定义 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中单元格的外观和如何：设置 Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件的默认单元格样式。

请参见

通过