正则表达式类
更新：2007 年 11 月
以下各节介绍 .NET Framework 正则表达式类。
Regex
Regex 类表示不可变（只读）的正则表达式。它还包含各种静态方法，允许在不显式创建其他类的实例的情况下使用其他正则表达式类。
下面的代码示例创建了 Regex 类的实例并在初始化对象时定义一个简单的正则表达式。请注意，使用了附加的反斜杠作为转义字符，它将 \s 匹配字符类中的反斜杠指定为原义字符。
' Declare object variable of type Regex.
Dim r As Regex
' Create a Regex object and define its regular expression.
r = New Regex("\s2000")
// Declare object variable of type Regex.
Regex r;
// Create a Regex object and define its regular expression.
r = new Regex("\\s2000");
Match
Match 类表示正则表达式匹配操作的结果。下面的示例使用 Regex 类的 Match 方法返回 Match 类型的对象，以便找到输入字符串中的第一个匹配项。此示例使用 Match 类的 Match.Success 属性来指示是否已找到匹配。
' Create a new Regex object.
Dim r As New Regex("abc")
' Find a single match in the input string.
Dim m As Match = r.Match("123abc456")
If m.Success Then
' Print out the character position where a match was found.
Console.WriteLine("Found match at position " & m.Index.ToString())
End If
' The example displays the following output:
' Found match at position 3
// Create a new Regex object.
Regex r = new Regex("abc");
// Find a single match in the string.
Match m = r.Match("123abc456");
if (m.Success)
{
// Print out the character position where a match was found.
Console.WriteLine("Found match at position " + m.Index);
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Found match at position 3
MatchCollection
MatchCollection 类表示成功的非重叠匹配项的序列。该集合为不可变（只读）的，并且没有公共构造函数。MatchCollection 的实例是由 Regex.Matches 方法返回的。
下面的示例通过 Regex 类的 Matches 方法，使用在输入字符串中找到的所有匹配项填充 MatchCollection。该示例将此集合复制到一个字符串数组和一个整数数组中，其中字符串数组用以保存每个匹配项，整数数组用以指示每个匹配项的位置。
Dim mc As MatchCollection
Dim results As New List(Of String)
Dim matchposition As New List(Of Integer)
' Create a new Regex object and define the regular expression.
Dim r As New Regex("abc")
' Use the Matches method to find all matches in the input string.
mc = r.Matches("123abc4abcd")
' Loop through the match collection to retrieve all
' matches and positions.
For i As Integer = 0 To mc.Count - 1
' Add the match string to the string array.
results.Add(mc(i).Value)
' Record the character position where the match was found.
matchposition.Add(mc(i).Index)
Next i
' List the results.
For ctr As Integer = 0 To Results.Count - 1
Console.WriteLine("'{0}' found at position {1}.", _
results(ctr), matchposition(ctr))
Next
' The example displays the following output:
' 'abc' found at position 3.
' 'abc' found at position 7.
MatchCollection mc;
List<string> results = new List<string>();
List<int> matchposition = new List<int>();
// Create a new Regex object and define the regular expression.
Regex r = new Regex("abc");
// Use the Matches method to find all matches in the input string.
mc = r.Matches("123abc4abcd");
// Loop through the match collection to retrieve all
// matches and positions.
for (int i = 0; i < mc.Count; i++)
{
// Add the match string to the string array.
results.Add(mc[i].Value);
// Record the character position where the match was found.
matchposition.Add(mc[i].Index);
}
// List the results.
for(int ctr = 0; ctr <= results.Count - 1; ctr++)
Console.WriteLine("'{0}' found at position {1}.", results[ctr], matchposition[ctr]);
// The example displays the following output:
// 'abc' found at position 3.
// 'abc' found at position 7.
GroupCollection
GroupCollection 类表示被捕获的组的集合，并在单个匹配项中返回该捕获组的集合。该集合为不可变（只读）的，并且没有公共构造函数。GroupCollection 的实例在 Match.Groups 属性返回的集合中返回。
下面的示例查找并输出由正则表达式捕获的组的数目。有关如何提取组集合的每一成员中的各个捕获项的示例，请参见下面一节的 Capture Collection 示例。
' Define groups "abc", "ab", and "b".
Dim r As New Regex("(a(b))c")
Dim m As Match = r.Match("abdabc")
Console.WriteLine("Number of groups found = " _
& m.Groups.Count)
' The example displays the following output:
' Number of groups found = 3
// Define groups "abc", "ab", and "b".
Regex r = new Regex("(a(b))c");
Match m = r.Match("abdabc");
Console.WriteLine("Number of groups found = " + m.Groups.Count);
// The example displays the following output:
// Number of groups found = 3
CaptureCollection
CaptureCollection 类表示捕获的子字符串的序列，并返回由单个捕获组所执行的捕获集。由于限定符，捕获组可以在单个匹配中捕获多个字符串。Captures 属性（CaptureCollection 类的对象）作为 Match 和 Group 类的成员提供，目的是便于对捕获的子字符串的集合进行访问。
例如，如果使用正则表达式 ((a(b))c)+（其中 + 限定符指定一个或多个匹配）从字符串“abcabcabc”中捕获匹配，则子字符串的每一匹配的 Group 的 CaptureCollection 将包含三个成员。
下面的示例使用正则表达式 (Abc)+ 来查找字符串“XYZAbcAbcAbcXYZAbcAb”中的一个或多个匹配项。该示例阐释了使用 Captures 属性来返回多组捕获的子字符串。
Dim counter As Integer
Dim m As Match
Dim cc As CaptureCollection
Dim gc As GroupCollection
' Look for groupings of "Abc".
Dim r As New Regex("(Abc)+")
' Define the string to search.
m = r.Match("XYZAbcAbcAbcXYZAbcAb")
gc = m.Groups
' Display the number of groups.
Console.WriteLine("Captured groups = " & gc.Count.ToString())
' Loop through each group.
Dim i, ii As Integer
For i = 0 To gc.Count - 1
cc = gc(i).Captures
counter = cc.Count
' Display the number of captures in this group.
Console.WriteLine("Captures count = " & counter.ToString())
' Loop through each capture in the group.
For ii = 0 To counter - 1
' Display the capture and its position.
Console.WriteLine(cc(ii).ToString() _
& " Starts at character " & cc(ii).Index.ToString())
Next ii
Next i
' The example displays the following output:
' Captured groups = 2
' Captures count = 1
' AbcAbcAbc Starts at character 3
' Captures count = 3
' Abc Starts at character 3
' Abc Starts at character 6
' Abc Starts at character 9
int counter;
Match m;
CaptureCollection cc;
GroupCollection gc;
// Look for groupings of "Abc".
Regex r = new Regex("(Abc)+");
// Define the string to search.
m = r.Match("XYZAbcAbcAbcXYZAbcAb");
gc = m.Groups;
// Display the number of groups.
Console.WriteLine("Captured groups = " + gc.Count.ToString());
// Loop through each group.
for (int i=0; i < gc.Count; i++)
{
cc = gc[i].Captures;
counter = cc.Count;
// Display the number of captures in this group.
Console.WriteLine("Captures count = " + counter.ToString());
// Loop through each capture in the group.
for (int ii = 0; ii < counter; ii++)
{
// Display the capture and its position.
Console.WriteLine(cc[ii] + " Starts at character " +
cc[ii].Index);
}
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Captured groups = 2
// Captures count = 1
// AbcAbcAbc Starts at character 3
// Captures count = 3
// Abc Starts at character 3
// Abc Starts at character 6
// Abc Starts at character 9
Group
Group 类表示来自单个捕获组的结果。因为 Group 可以在单个匹配中捕获零个、一个或更多的字符串（使用限定符），所以它包含 Capture 对象的集合。因为 Group 继承自 Capture，所以可以直接访问最后捕获的子字符串（Group 实例本身等价于 Captures 属性返回的集合的最后一项）。
通过对由 Groups 属性返回的 GroupCollection 对象进行索引返回 Group 的实例。索引器可以是组号，在使用 "(?<groupname>)" 分组构造时则是捕获组的名称。例如，可以在 C# 代码中使用 Match.Groups[groupnum] 或 Match.Groups["groupname"]，或者在 Visual Basic代码中使用 Match.Groups(groupnum) 或 Match.Groups("groupname")。
下面的代码示例使用嵌套的分组构造来将子字符串捕获到组中。
Dim matchposition As New List(Of Integer)
Dim results As New List(Of String)
' Define substrings abc, ab, b.
Dim r As New Regex("(a(b))c")
Dim m As Match = r.Match("abdabc")
Dim i As Integer = 0
While Not (m.Groups(i).Value = "")
' Add groups to string array.
results.Add(m.Groups(i).Value)
' Record character position.
matchposition.Add(m.Groups(i).Index)
i += 1
End While
' Display the capture groups.
For ctr As Integer = 0 to results.Count - 1
Console.WriteLine("{0} at position {1}", _
results(ctr), matchposition(ctr))
Next
' The example displays the following output:
' abc at position 3
' ab at position 3
' b at position 4
List<int> matchposition = new List<int>();
List<string> results = new List<string>();
// Define substrings abc, ab, b.
Regex r = new Regex("(a(b))c");
Match m = r.Match("abdabc");
for (int i = 0; m.Groups[i].Value != ""; i++)
{
// Add groups to string array.
results.Add(m.Groups[i].Value);
// Record character position.
matchposition.Add(m.Groups[i].Index);
}
// Display the capture groups.
for (int ctr = 0; ctr < results.Count; ctr++)
Console.WriteLine("{0} at position {1}",
results[ctr], matchposition[ctr]);
// The example displays the following output:
// abc at position 3
// ab at position 3
// b at position 4
下面的代码示例使用命名的分组构造，从包含“DATANAME:VALUE”格式的数据的字符串中捕获子字符串，正则表达式通过冒号“:”拆分数据。
Dim r As New Regex("^(?<name>\w+):(?<value>\w+)")
Dim m As Match = r.Match("Section1:119900")
Console.WriteLine(m.Groups("name").Value)
Console.WriteLine(m.Groups("value").Value)
' The example displays the following output:
' Section1
' 119900
Regex r = new Regex("^(?<name>\\w+):(?<value>\\w+)");
Match m = r.Match("Section1:119900");
Console.WriteLine(m.Groups["name"].Value);
Console.WriteLine(m.Groups["value"].Value);
// The example displays the following output:
// Section1
// 119900
Capture
Capture 类包含来自单个子表达式捕获的结果。
下面的示例在 Group 集合中循环，从 Group 的每一成员中提取 Capture 集合，并且将变量 posn 和 length 分别分配给找到每一字符串的初始字符串中的字符位置，以及每一字符串的长度。
Dim r As Regex
Dim m As Match
Dim cc As CaptureCollection
Dim posn, length As Integer
r = New Regex("(abc)+")
m = r.Match("bcabcabc")
Dim i, j As Integer
i = 0
Do While m.Groups(i).Value <> ""
Console.WriteLine(m.Groups(i).Value)
' Grab the Collection for Group(i).
cc = m.Groups(i).Captures
For j = 0 To cc.Count - 1
Console.WriteLine(" Capture at position {0} for {1} characters.", _
cc(j).Length, cc(j).Index)
' Position of Capture object.
posn = cc(j).Index
' Length of Capture object.
length = cc(j).Length
Next j
i += 1
Loop
' The example displays the following output:
' abcabc
' Capture at position 6 for 2 characters.
' abc
' Capture at position 3 for 2 characters.
' Capture at position 3 for 5 characters.
Regex r;
Match m;
CaptureCollection cc;
int posn, length;
r = new Regex("(abc)+");
m = r.Match("bcabcabc");
for (int i=0; m.Groups[i].Value != ""; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(m.Groups[i].Value);
// Capture the Collection for Group(i).
cc = m.Groups[i].Captures;
for (int j = 0; j < cc.Count; j++)
{
Console.WriteLine(" Capture at position {0} for {1} characters.",
cc[j].Length, cc[j].Index);
// Position of Capture object.
posn = cc[j].Index;
// Length of Capture object.
length = cc[j].Length;
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// abcabc
// Capture at position 6 for 2 characters.
// abc
// Capture at position 3 for 2 characters.
// Capture at position 3 for 5 characters.
请参见
参考
System.Text.RegularExpressions