型情報の表示

  • [アーティクル]

System.Type クラスは、リフレクションの中枢です。 リフレクションが Type の作成を要求すると、共通言語ランタイムは、読み込まれた型に対して Type オブジェクトを作成します。 Type オブジェクトのメソッド、フィールド、プロパティ、および入れ子クラスを使用すると、その型についてのすべての情報を調べることができます。

まだ読み込まれていないアセンブリから Type オブジェクトを取得するには、Assembly.GetType または Assembly.GetTypes を使用し、必要な型の名前を 1 つ以上渡します。 既に読み込まれているアプリケーションから Type オブジェクトを取得するには、Type.GetType を使用します。 モジュールの Type オブジェクトを取得するには、Module.GetType および Module.GetTypes を使用します。

メモメモ

ジェネリック型およびメソッドを調べたり操作したりする場合は、「リフレクションとジェネリック型」および「方法 : リフレクションを使用してジェネリック型をチェックおよびインスタンス化する」を参照してください。

アセンブリの Assembly オブジェクトおよびモジュールを取得するための構文を示すコード例は、次のとおりです。

' Gets the mscorlib assembly in which the object is defined.
Dim a As Assembly = GetType(Object).Module.Assembly

// Gets the mscorlib assembly in which the object is defined.
Assembly a = typeof(object).Module.Assembly;

// Gets the mscorlib assembly in which the object is defined.
Assembly^ a = Object::typeid->Module->Assembly;

既に読み込まれているアセンブリから Type オブジェクトを取得する例を次に示します。

' Loads an assembly using its file name.
Dim a As Assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom("MyExe.exe")
' Gets the type names from the assembly.
Dim types2() As Type = a.GetTypes()
For Each t As Type In types2
    Console.WriteLine(t.FullName)
Next t

// Loads an assembly using its file name.
Assembly a = Assembly.LoadFrom("MyExe.exe");
// Gets the type names from the assembly.
Type[] types2 = a.GetTypes();
foreach (Type t in types2)
{
    Console.WriteLine(t.FullName);
}

// Loads an assembly using its file name.
Assembly^ a = Assembly::LoadFrom("MyExe.exe");
// Gets the type names from the assembly.
array<Type^>^ types2 = a->GetTypes();
for each (Type^ t in types2)
{
    Console::WriteLine(t->FullName);
}

Type を取得した後は、さまざまな方法で、この型のメンバーに関する情報を探索できます。 たとえば、現在の型の各メンバーが記述されている MemberInfo オブジェクトの配列を取得する Type.GetMembers メソッドを呼び出すと、その型のすべてのメンバーについて調べることができます。

また、Type クラスのメソッドを使用し、名前を指定することで、1 つ以上のコンストラクター、メソッド、イベント、フィールド、またはプロパティについての情報を取得できます。 たとえば、Type.GetConstructor は、現在のクラスの特定のコンストラクターをカプセル化します。

Type が存在する場合は、Type.Module プロパティを使用して、その型を含んでいるモジュールをカプセル化するオブジェクトを取得できます。 そのモジュールを含んでいるアセンブリをカプセル化するオブジェクトを検索するには、Module.Assembly プロパティを使用します。 Type.Assembly プロパティを使用すると、型をカプセル化するアセンブリを直接取得できます。

System.Type および ConstructorInfo

特定のクラスのコンストラクター (ここでは String クラスのコンストラクター) を一覧する方法を次の例で示します。

' This program lists all the public constructors
' of the System.String class.

Imports System
Imports System.Reflection

Class ListMembers
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Dim t As Type = GetType(String)
        Console.WriteLine("Listing all the public constructors of the {0} type", t)
        ' Constructors.
        Dim ci As ConstructorInfo() = t.GetConstructors((BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.Instance))
        Console.WriteLine("//Constructors")
        PrintMembers(ci)
    End Sub
    Public Shared Sub PrintMembers(ms() As MemberInfo)
        Dim m As MemberInfo
        For Each m In ms
            Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}", "     ", m)
        Next m
        Console.WriteLine()
    End Sub
End Class

// This program lists all the public constructors
// of the System.String class.
using System;
using System.Reflection;

class ListMembers
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Type t = typeof(System.String);
        Console.WriteLine("Listing all the public constructors of the {0} type", t);
        // Constructors.
        ConstructorInfo[] ci = t.GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);
        Console.WriteLine("//Constructors");
        PrintMembers(ci);
    }

    public static void PrintMembers(MemberInfo[] ms)
    {
        foreach (MemberInfo m in ms)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}", "     ", m);
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}

// This program lists all the public constructors
// of the System.String class.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Reflection;

class ListMembers
{
public:
    static void Main()
    {
        Type^ t = System::String::typeid;
        Console::WriteLine ("Listing all the public constructors of the {0} type", t);
        // Constructors.
        array<ConstructorInfo^>^ ci = t->GetConstructors(BindingFlags::Public | BindingFlags::Instance);
        Console::WriteLine ("//Constructors");
        PrintMembers(ci);
    }

    static void PrintMembers(array<MemberInfo^>^ ms)
    {
        for each (MemberInfo^ m in ms)
        {
            Console::WriteLine ("{0}{1}", "     ", m);
        }
        Console::WriteLine();
    }
};

int main()
{
    ListMembers::Main();
}

MemberInfo、MethodInfo、FieldInfo、および PropertyInfo

MemberInfo、MethodInfo、FieldInfo、または PropertyInfo の各オブジェクトを使用して、型のメソッド、プロパティ、イベント、およびフィールドについての情報を取得します。

MemberInfo を使用して System.IO.File クラスのメンバー数を一覧し、System.Type.IsPublic プロパティを使用して、このクラスの参照範囲を確認する例を次に示します。

Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Reflection

Class Mymemberinfo
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Console.WriteLine ("\nReflection.MemberInfo")
        ' Gets the Type and MemberInfo.
        Dim MyType As Type = Type.GetType("System.IO.File")
        Dim Mymemberinfoarray() As MemberInfo = MyType.GetMembers()
        ' Gets and displays the DeclaringType method.
        Console.WriteLine("\nThere are {0} members in {1}.",
            Mymemberinfoarray.Length, MyType.FullName)
        Console.WriteLine("{0}.", MyType.FullName)
        If MyType.IsPublic
            Console.WriteLine("{0} is public.", MyType.FullName)
        End If
    End Sub
End Class

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;

class Mymemberinfo
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine ("\nReflection.MemberInfo");
        // Gets the Type and MemberInfo.
        Type MyType = Type.GetType("System.IO.File");
        MemberInfo[] Mymemberinfoarray = MyType.GetMembers();
        // Gets and displays the DeclaringType method.
        Console.WriteLine("\nThere are {0} members in {1}.",
            Mymemberinfoarray.Length, MyType.FullName);
        Console.WriteLine("{0}.", MyType.FullName);
        if (MyType.IsPublic)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0} is public.", MyType.FullName);
        }
    }
}

using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Reflection;

public ref class Mymemberinfo
{
public:
    static void Main()
    {
        Console::WriteLine ("\nReflection.MemberInfo");
        // Gets the Type and MemberInfo.
        Type^ MyType = Type::GetType("System.IO.File");
        array<MemberInfo^>^ Mymemberinfoarray = MyType->GetMembers();
        // Gets and displays the DeclaringType method.
        Console::WriteLine("\nThere are {0} members in {1}.",
            Mymemberinfoarray->Length, MyType->FullName);
        Console::WriteLine("{0}.", MyType->FullName);
        if (MyType->IsPublic)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("{0} is public.", MyType->FullName);
        }
    }
};

int main()
{
    Mymemberinfo::Main();
}

特定のメンバーの型を調べる例を次に示します。 MemberInfo クラスのメンバーに対してリフレクションを実行し、そのメンバーの型を一覧します。

' This code displays information about the GetValue method of FieldInfo.
Imports System
Imports System.Reflection
Class MyMethodInfo
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Console.WriteLine("Reflection.MethodInfo")
        ' Gets and displays the Type.
        Dim MyType As Type = Type.GetType("System.Reflection.FieldInfo")
        ' Specifies the member for which you want type information.
        Dim Mymethodinfo As MethodInfo = MyType.GetMethod("GetValue")
        Console.WriteLine((MyType.FullName & "." & Mymethodinfo.Name))
        ' Gets and displays the MemberType property.
        Dim Mymembertypes As MemberTypes = Mymethodinfo.MemberType
        If MemberTypes.Constructor = Mymembertypes Then
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type All")
        ElseIf MemberTypes.Custom = Mymembertypes Then
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Custom")
        ElseIf MemberTypes.Event = Mymembertypes Then
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Event")
        ElseIf MemberTypes.Field = Mymembertypes Then
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Field")
        ElseIf MemberTypes.Method = Mymembertypes Then
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Method")
        ElseIf MemberTypes.Property = Mymembertypes Then
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Property")
        ElseIf MemberTypes.TypeInfo = Mymembertypes Then
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type TypeInfo")
        End If
        Return
    End Sub
End Class

// This code displays information about the GetValue method of FieldInfo.
using System;
using System.Reflection;

class MyMethodInfo
{
    public static int Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Reflection.MethodInfo");
        // Gets and displays the Type.
        Type MyType = Type.GetType("System.Reflection.FieldInfo");
        // Specifies the member for which you want type information.
        MethodInfo Mymethodinfo = MyType.GetMethod("GetValue");
        Console.WriteLine(MyType.FullName + "." + Mymethodinfo.Name);
        // Gets and displays the MemberType property.
        MemberTypes Mymembertypes = Mymethodinfo.MemberType;
        if (MemberTypes.Constructor == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type All");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes.Custom == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Custom");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes.Event == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Event");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes.Field == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Field");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes.Method == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Method");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes.Property == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type Property");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes.TypeInfo == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("MemberType is of type TypeInfo");
        }
        return 0;
    }
}

// This code displays information about the GetValue method of FieldInfo.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Reflection;

public ref class MyMethodInfo
{
public:
    static int Main()
    {
        Console::WriteLine("Reflection.MethodInfo");
        // Gets and displays the Type.
        Type^ MyType = Type::GetType("System.Reflection.FieldInfo");
        // Specifies the member for which you want type information.
        MethodInfo^ Mymethodinfo = MyType->GetMethod("GetValue");
        Console::WriteLine(MyType->FullName + "." + Mymethodinfo->Name);
        // Gets and displays the MemberType property.
        MemberTypes Mymembertypes = Mymethodinfo->MemberType;
        if (MemberTypes::Constructor == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type All");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes::Custom == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type Custom");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes::Event == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type Event");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes::Field == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type Field");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes::Method == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type Method");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes::Property == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type Property");
        }
        else if (MemberTypes::TypeInfo == Mymembertypes)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("MemberType is of type TypeInfo");
        }
        return 0;
    }
};

int main()
{
    MyMethodInfo::Main();
}

すべてのリフレクション *Info クラスを BindingFlags と共に使用して、指定したクラスのすべてのメンバー (コンストラクター、フィールド、プロパティ、イベント、およびメソッド) を一覧し、メンバーを静的カテゴリとインスタンス カテゴリに分割する例を次に示します。

' This program lists all the members of the
' System.IO.BufferedStream class.
Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Reflection

Class ListMembers
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        ' Specifies the class.
        Dim t As Type = GetType(System.IO.BufferedStream)
        Console.WriteLine("Listing all the members (public and non public) of the {0} type", t)
        ' Lists static fields first.
        Dim fi As FieldInfo() = t.GetFields((BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
        Console.WriteLine("// Static Fields")
        PrintMembers(fi)
        ' Static properties.
        Dim pi As PropertyInfo() = t.GetProperties((BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
        Console.WriteLine("// Static Properties")
        PrintMembers(pi)
        ' Static events.
        Dim ei As EventInfo() = t.GetEvents((BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
        Console.WriteLine("// Static Events")
        PrintMembers(ei)
        ' Static methods.
        Dim mi As MethodInfo() = t.GetMethods((BindingFlags.Static Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
        Console.WriteLine("// Static Methods")
        PrintMembers(mi)
        ' Constructors.
        Dim ci As ConstructorInfo() = t.GetConstructors((BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
        Console.WriteLine("// Constructors")
        PrintMembers(ci)
        ' Instance fields.
        fi = t.GetFields((BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
        Console.WriteLine("// Instance Fields")
        PrintMembers(fi)
        ' Instance properites.
        pi = t.GetProperties((BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
        Console.WriteLine("// Instance Properties")
        PrintMembers(pi)
        ' Instance events.
        ei = t.GetEvents((BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
        Console.WriteLine("// Instance Events")
        PrintMembers(ei)
        ' Instance methods.
        mi = t.GetMethods((BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Public))
        Console.WriteLine("// Instance Methods")
        PrintMembers(mi)
        Console.WriteLine(ControlChars.CrLf & "Press ENTER to exit.")
        Console.Read()
    End Sub

    Public Shared Sub PrintMembers(ms() As MemberInfo)
        Dim m As MemberInfo
        For Each m In  ms
            Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}", "     ", m)
        Next m
        Console.WriteLine()
    End Sub
End Class

// This program lists all the members of the
// System.IO.BufferedStream class.
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;

class ListMembers
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Specifies the class.
        Type t = typeof(System.IO.BufferedStream);
        Console.WriteLine("Listing all the members (public and non public) of the {0} type", t);

        // Lists static fields first.
        FieldInfo[] fi = t.GetFields(BindingFlags.Static |
            BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
        Console.WriteLine("// Static Fields");
        PrintMembers(fi);

        // Static properties.
        PropertyInfo[] pi = t.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Static |
            BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
        Console.WriteLine("// Static Properties");
        PrintMembers(pi);

        // Static events.
        EventInfo[] ei = t.GetEvents(BindingFlags.Static |
            BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
        Console.WriteLine("// Static Events");
        PrintMembers(ei);

        // Static methods.
        MethodInfo[] mi = t.GetMethods (BindingFlags.Static |
            BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
        Console.WriteLine("// Static Methods");
        PrintMembers(mi);

        // Constructors.
        ConstructorInfo[] ci = t.GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Instance |
            BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
        Console.WriteLine("// Constructors");
        PrintMembers(ci);

        // Instance fields.
        fi = t.GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic |
            BindingFlags.Public);
        Console.WriteLine("// Instance Fields");
        PrintMembers(fi);

        // Instance properites.
        pi = t.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic |
            BindingFlags.Public);
        Console.WriteLine ("// Instance Properties");
        PrintMembers(pi);

        // Instance events.
        ei = t.GetEvents(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic |
            BindingFlags.Public);
        Console.WriteLine("// Instance Events");
        PrintMembers(ei);

        // Instance methods.
        mi = t.GetMethods(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic
            | BindingFlags.Public);
        Console.WriteLine("// Instance Methods");
        PrintMembers(mi);

        Console.WriteLine("\r\nPress ENTER to exit.");
        Console.Read();
    }

    public static void PrintMembers (MemberInfo [] ms)
    {
        foreach (MemberInfo m in ms)
        {
            Console.WriteLine ("{0}{1}", "     ", m);
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}

// This program lists all the members of the
// System.IO.BufferedStream class.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Reflection;

public ref class ListMembers
{
public:
    static void Main()
    {
        // Specifies the class.
        Type^ t = System::IO::BufferedStream::typeid;
        Console::WriteLine("Listing all the members (public and non public) of the {0} type", t);

        // Lists static fields first.
        array<FieldInfo^>^ fi = t->GetFields(BindingFlags::Static |
            BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public);
        Console::WriteLine("// Static Fields");
        PrintMembers(fi);

        // Static properties.
        array<PropertyInfo^>^ pi = t->GetProperties(BindingFlags::Static |
            BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public);
        Console::WriteLine("// Static Properties");
        PrintMembers(pi);

        // Static events.
        array<EventInfo^>^ ei = t->GetEvents(BindingFlags::Static |
            BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public);
        Console::WriteLine("// Static Events");
        PrintMembers(ei);

        // Static methods.
        array<MethodInfo^>^ mi = t->GetMethods (BindingFlags::Static |
            BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public);
        Console::WriteLine("// Static Methods");
        PrintMembers(mi);

        // Constructors.
        array<ConstructorInfo^>^ ci = t->GetConstructors(BindingFlags::Instance |
            BindingFlags::NonPublic | BindingFlags::Public);
        Console::WriteLine("// Constructors");
        PrintMembers(ci);

        // Instance fields.
        fi = t->GetFields(BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::NonPublic |
            BindingFlags::Public);
        Console::WriteLine("// Instance Fields");
        PrintMembers(fi);

        // Instance properites.
        pi = t->GetProperties(BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::NonPublic |
            BindingFlags::Public);
        Console::WriteLine ("// Instance Properties");
        PrintMembers(pi);

        // Instance events.
        ei = t->GetEvents(BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::NonPublic |
            BindingFlags::Public);
        Console::WriteLine("// Instance Events");
        PrintMembers(ei);

        // Instance methods.
        mi = t->GetMethods(BindingFlags::Instance | BindingFlags::NonPublic
            | BindingFlags::Public);
        Console::WriteLine("// Instance Methods");
        PrintMembers(mi);

        Console::WriteLine("\r\nPress ENTER to exit.");
        Console::Read();
    }

    static void PrintMembers(array<MemberInfo^>^ ms)
    {
        for each (MemberInfo^ m in ms)
        {
            Console::WriteLine ("{0}{1}", "     ", m);
        }
        Console::WriteLine();
    }
};

int main()
{
    ListMembers::Main();
}

参照

参照

BindingFlags

Assembly.GetType

Assembly.GetTypes

Type.GetType

Type.GetMembers

Type.GetFields

Module.GetType

Module.GetTypes

MemberInfo

ConstructorInfo

MethodInfo

FieldInfo

EventInfo

ParameterInfo

概念

リフレクションとジェネリック型