Predicate Version of upper_bound

Illustrates how to use the predicate version of the upper_bound Standard Template Library (STL) function in Visual C++.

template<class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
   inline orwardIterator upper_bound(
      ForwardIterator First,
      ForwardIterator Last,
      const T& Value,
      Compare Compare
   )

Remarks

The upper_bound algorithm returns the last location in the sequence that value can be inserted such that the order of the sequence [First..Last) is maintained. upper_bound returns an iterator positioned at the location that value can be inserted in the range [First..Last), or returns Last if no such position exists. This version assumes the range [First..Last) is sorted sequentially using the compare function.

Example

// upper_boundPV.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
// Illustrates how to use the predicate version
// of the upper_bound function.
//
// Functions:
//    upper_bound : Return the upper bound within a range.

// disable warning C4786: symbol greater than 255 character,
// okay to ignore
#pragma warning(disable: 4786)

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;


int main()
{
    const int VECTOR_SIZE = 8 ;

    // Define a template class vector of int
    typedef vector<int > IntVector ;

    //Define an iterator for template class vector of strings
    typedef IntVector::iterator IntVectorIt ;

    IntVector Numbers(VECTOR_SIZE) ;

    IntVectorIt start, end, it, location ;

    // Initialize vector Numbers
    Numbers[0] = 4 ;
    Numbers[1] = 10;
    Numbers[2] = 70 ;
    Numbers[3] = 10 ;
    Numbers[4] = 30 ;
    Numbers[5] = 69 ;
    Numbers[6] = 96 ;
    Numbers[7] = 100;

    start = Numbers.begin() ;   // location of first
                                // element of Numbers

    end = Numbers.end() ;       // one past the location
                                // last element of Numbers

    //sort Numbers using the function object less<int>()
    //upper_bound assumes that Numbers is sorted
    //using the "compare" (less<int>() in this case)
    //function
    sort(start, end, less<int>()) ;

    // print content of Numbers
    cout << "Numbers { " ;
    for(it = start; it != end; it++)
        cout << *it << " " ;
    cout << " }\n" << endl ;

    //return the highest location at which 10 can be inserted
    // in Numbers
    location = upper_bound(start, end, 10, less<int>()) ;

    cout << "Last location  for element 10 in Numbers is: "
        << location - start << endl ;
}

Output

Numbers { 4 10 10 30 69 70 96 100  }

Last location  for element 10 in Numbers is: 3

Requirements

Header: <algorithm>

See Also

Concepts

Standard Template Library Samples