Estensione della classe KeyedHashAlgorithm
Le classi di crittografia fornite da .NET Framework sono estremamente estensibili. In questa sezione viene fornito un esempio di estensione delle classi di crittografia mediante la creazione di una classe di algoritmi hash con chiavi che implementa l'algoritmo hash MD5.
Un algoritmo hash con chiavi è una funzione hash unidirezionale dipendente da chiavi utilizzata come funzione MAC (Message Authentication Code, codice di autenticazione dei messaggi). In .NET Framework sono disponibili due livelli di classi di algoritmi hash con chiavi di questo tipo, HMACSHA1 e MACTripleDES, che derivano dalla classe astratta KeyedHashAlgorithm. Se si desidera implementare una classe di algoritmi hash con chiavi che implementi un algoritmo hash diverso da quello fornito da .NET Framework, è preferibile creare una nuova classe derivata da KeyedHashAlgorithm e impiegare l'algoritmo hash preferito.
Nell'esempio riportato di seguito viene creata una nuova classe di algoritmi hash con chiavi tramite l'algoritmo hash MD5. Poiché questa classe eredita dalla classe KeyedHashAlgorithm, può essere utilizzata con altre classi di crittografia gestite quale CryptoStream.
Imports System
Imports System.Security.Cryptography
_
Public Class TestHMACMD5
Private Shared Sub PrintByteArray(ByVal arr() As [Byte])
Dim i As Integer
Console.WriteLine(("Length: " + arr.Length.ToString()))
For i = 0 To arr.Length - 1
Console.Write("{0:X}", arr(i))
Console.Write(" ")
If (i + 9) Mod 8 = 0 Then
Console.WriteLine()
End If
Next i
If i Mod 8 <> 0 Then
Console.WriteLine()
End If
End Sub
Public Shared Sub Main()
' Create a key.
Dim key1 As Byte() = {&HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB, &HB}
' Pass the key to the constructor of the HMACMD5 class.
Dim hmac1 As New HMACMD5(key1)
' Create another key.
Dim key2 As Byte() = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("KeyString")
' Pass the key to the constructor of the HMACMD5 class.
Dim hmac2 As New HMACMD5(key2)
' Encode a string into a byte array, create a hash of the array,
' and print the hash to the screen.
Dim data1 As Byte() = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("Hi There")
PrintByteArray(hmac1.ComputeHash(data1))
' Encode a string into a byte array, create a hash of the array,
' and print the hash to the screen.
Dim data2 As Byte() = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("This data will be hashed.")
PrintByteArray(hmac2.ComputeHash(data2))
End Sub
End Class
_
Public Class HMACMD5
Inherits KeyedHashAlgorithm
Private hash1 As MD5
Private hash2 As MD5
Private bHashing As Boolean = False
Private rgbInner(64) As Byte
Private rgbOuter(64) As Byte
Public Sub New(ByVal rgbKey() As Byte)
HashSizeValue = 128
' Create the hash algorithms.
hash1 = MD5.Create()
hash2 = MD5.Create()
' Get the key.
If rgbKey.Length > 64 Then
KeyValue = hash1.ComputeHash(rgbKey)
' No need to call Initialize; ComputeHash does it automatically.
Else
KeyValue = CType(rgbKey.Clone(), Byte())
End If
' Compute rgbInner and rgbOuter.
Dim i As Integer = 0
For i = 0 To 63
rgbInner(i) = &H36
rgbOuter(i) = &H5C
Next i
i = 0
For i = 0 To KeyValue.Length - 1
rgbInner(i) = rgbInner(i) Xor KeyValue(i)
rgbOuter(i) = rgbOuter(i) Xor KeyValue(i)
Next i
End Sub
Public Overrides Property Key() As Byte()
Get
Return CType(KeyValue.Clone(), Byte())
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As Byte())
If bHashing Then
Throw New Exception("Cannot change key during hash operation")
End If
If value.Length > 64 Then
KeyValue = hash1.ComputeHash(value)
' No need to call Initialize; ComputeHash does it automatically.
Else
KeyValue = CType(value.Clone(), Byte())
End If
' Compute rgbInner and rgbOuter.
Dim i As Integer = 0
For i = 0 To 63
rgbInner(i) = &H36
rgbOuter(i) = &H5C
Next i
For i = 0 To KeyValue.Length - 1
rgbInner(i) ^= KeyValue(i)
rgbOuter(i) ^= KeyValue(i)
Next i
End Set
End Property
Public Overrides Sub Initialize()
hash1.Initialize()
hash2.Initialize()
bHashing = False
End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub HashCore(ByVal rgb() As Byte, ByVal ib As Integer, ByVal cb As Integer)
If bHashing = False Then
hash1.TransformBlock(rgbInner, 0, 64, rgbInner, 0)
bHashing = True
End If
hash1.TransformBlock(rgb, ib, cb, rgb, ib)
End Sub
Protected Overrides Function HashFinal() As Byte()
If bHashing = False Then
hash1.TransformBlock(rgbInner, 0, 64, rgbInner, 0)
bHashing = True
End If
' Finalize the original hash.
hash1.TransformFinalBlock(New Byte(0) {}, 0, 0)
' Write the outer array.
hash2.TransformBlock(rgbOuter, 0, 64, rgbOuter, 0)
' Write the inner hash and finalize the hash.
hash2.TransformFinalBlock(hash1.Hash, 0, hash1.Hash.Length)
bHashing = False
Return hash2.Hash
End Function
End Class
using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
public class TestHMACMD5
{
static private void PrintByteArray(Byte[] arr)
{
int i;
Console.WriteLine("Length: " + arr.Length);
for (i=0; i<arr.Length; i++)
{
Console.Write("{0:X}", arr[i]);
Console.Write(" ");
if ( (i+9)%8 == 0 ) Console.WriteLine();
}
if (i%8 != 0) Console.WriteLine();
}
public static void Main()
{
// Create a key.
byte[] key1 = {0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b};
// Pass the key to the constructor of the HMACMD5 class.
HMACMD5 hmac1 = new HMACMD5(key1);
// Create another key.
byte[] key2 = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("KeyString");
// Pass the key to the constructor of the HMACMD5 class.
HMACMD5 hmac2 = new HMACMD5(key2);
// Encode a string into a byte array, create a hash of the array,
// and print the hash to the screen.
byte[] data1 = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("Hi There");
PrintByteArray(hmac1.ComputeHash(data1));
// Encode a string into a byte array, create a hash of the array,
// and print the hash to the screen.
byte[] data2 = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("This data will be hashed.");
PrintByteArray(hmac2.ComputeHash(data2));
}
}
public class HMACMD5 : KeyedHashAlgorithm
{
private MD5 hash1;
private MD5 hash2;
private bool bHashing = false;
private byte[] rgbInner = new byte[64];
private byte[] rgbOuter = new byte[64];
public HMACMD5 (byte[] rgbKey)
{
HashSizeValue = 128;
// Create the hash algorithms.
hash1 = MD5.Create();
hash2 = MD5.Create();
// Get the key.
if (rgbKey.Length > 64)
{
KeyValue = hash1.ComputeHash(rgbKey);
// No need to call Initialize; ComputeHash does it automatically.
}
else
{
KeyValue = (byte[]) rgbKey.Clone();
}
// Compute rgbInner and rgbOuter.
int i = 0;
for (i=0; i<64; i++)
{
rgbInner[i] = 0x36;
rgbOuter[i] = 0x5C;
}
for (i=0; i<KeyValue.Length; i++)
{
rgbInner[i] ^= KeyValue[i];
rgbOuter[i] ^= KeyValue[i];
}
}
public override byte[] Key
{
get { return (byte[]) KeyValue.Clone(); }
set
{
if (bHashing)
{
throw new Exception("Cannot change key during hash operation");
}
if (value.Length > 64)
{
KeyValue = hash1.ComputeHash(value);
// No need to call Initialize; ComputeHash does it automatically.
}
else
{
KeyValue = (byte[]) value.Clone();
}
// Compute rgbInner and rgbOuter.
int i = 0;
for (i=0; i<64; i++)
{
rgbInner[i] = 0x36;
rgbOuter[i] = 0x5C;
}
for (i=0; i<KeyValue.Length; i++)
{
rgbInner[i] ^= KeyValue[i];
rgbOuter[i] ^= KeyValue[i];
}
}
}
public override void Initialize()
{
hash1.Initialize();
hash2.Initialize();
bHashing = false;
}
protected override void HashCore(byte[] rgb, int ib, int cb)
{
if (bHashing == false)
{
hash1.TransformBlock(rgbInner, 0, 64, rgbInner, 0);
bHashing = true;
}
hash1.TransformBlock(rgb, ib, cb, rgb, ib);
}
protected override byte[] HashFinal()
{
if (bHashing == false)
{
hash1.TransformBlock(rgbInner, 0, 64, rgbInner, 0);
bHashing = true;
}
// Finalize the original hash.
hash1.TransformFinalBlock(new byte[0], 0, 0);
// Write the outer array.
hash2.TransformBlock(rgbOuter, 0, 64, rgbOuter, 0);
// Write the inner hash and finalize the hash.
hash2.TransformFinalBlock(hash1.Hash, 0, hash1.Hash.Length);
bHashing = false;
return hash2.Hash;
}
}
Nell'esempio precedente la classe KeyedHashAlgorithm viene estesa per utilizzare l'algoritmo hash MD5 in una classe denominata HMACMD5. Al momento dell'esecuzione, vengono create due istanze della classe HMACMD5, passando chiavi diverse a ciascun costruttore. Viene quindi generato un hash dei valori delle due stringhe e sulla console verrà visualizzato quanto segue:
Length: 16
92 94 72 7A 36 38 BB 1C
13 F4 8E F8 15 8B FC 9D
Length: 16
1 10 3A 9 C2 10 6E E1
1 13 9B 7D DA EA A3 EC