ApplicationContext Class

Specifies the contextual information about an application thread.

Namespace: System.Windows.Forms
Assembly: System.Windows.Forms (in system.windows.forms.dll)

'Declaration
Public Class ApplicationContext
	Implements IDisposable
'Usage
Dim instance As ApplicationContext

public class ApplicationContext implements IDisposable
public class ApplicationContext implements IDisposable

You can use the ApplicationContext class to redefine the circumstances that cause a message loop to exit. By default, the ApplicationContext listens to the Closed event on the application's main Form, then exits the thread's message loop.

The following code example displays two forms and exits the application when both forms are closed. When the application starts and exits, the position of each form is remembered. This example demonstrates how to use an ApplicationContext, along with the Application.Run(context) method, to display multiple forms when the application starts.

The class MyApplicationContext inherits from ApplicationContext and keeps track when each form is closed, and exits the current thread when they both are. The class stores the positions of each form for the user. The form position data is stored in a file titled Appdata.txt that is created in the location determined by UserAppDataPath.

The Main method calls Application.Run(context) to start the application, given the ApplicationContext.

Imports System
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Text
Imports System.IO

' A simple form that represents a window in our application
Public Class AppForm1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()

        Me.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(300, 300)
        Me.Text = "AppForm1"

    End Sub

End Class

' A simple form that represents a window in our application
Public Class AppForm2
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()

        Me.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(300, 300)
        Me.Text = "AppForm2"

    End Sub

End Class

' The class that handles the creation of the application windows
Public Class MyApplicationContext
    Inherits ApplicationContext

    Private formCount As Integer
    Private form1 As AppForm1
    Private form2 As AppForm2

    Private form1Position As Rectangle
    Private form2Position As Rectangle

    Private userData As FileStream

    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()
        formCount = 0

        ' Handle the ApplicationExit event to know when the application is exiting.
        AddHandler Application.ApplicationExit, AddressOf OnApplicationExit

        Try
            ' Create a file that the application will store user specific data in.
            userData = New FileStream(Application.UserAppDataPath + "\appdata.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

        Catch e As IOException
            ' Inform the user that an error occurred.
            MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while attempting to show the application." + _
                            "The error is:" + e.ToString())

            ' Exit the current thread instead of showing the windows.
            ExitThread()
        End Try

        ' Create both application forms and handle the Closed event
        ' to know when both forms are closed.
        form1 = New AppForm1()
        AddHandler form1.Closed, AddressOf OnFormClosed
        AddHandler form1.Closing, AddressOf OnFormClosing
        formCount = formCount + 1

        form2 = New AppForm2()
        AddHandler form2.Closed, AddressOf OnFormClosed
        AddHandler form2.Closing, AddressOf OnFormClosing
        formCount = formCount + 1

        ' Get the form positions based upon the user specific data.
        If (ReadFormDataFromFile()) Then
            ' If the data was read from the file, set the form
            ' positions manually.
            form1.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual
            form2.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual

            form1.Bounds = form1Position
            form2.Bounds = form2Position
        End If

        ' Show both forms.
        form1.Show()
        form2.Show()
    End Sub

    Private Sub OnApplicationExit(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
        ' When the application is exiting, write the application data to the
        ' user file and close it.
        WriteFormDataToFile()

        Try
            ' Ignore any errors that might occur while closing the file handle.
            userData.Close()
        Catch
        End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub OnFormClosing(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As CancelEventArgs)
        ' When a form is closing, remember the form position so it
        ' can be saved in the user data file.
        If TypeOf sender Is AppForm1 Then
            form1Position = CType(sender, Form).Bounds
        ElseIf TypeOf sender Is AppForm2 Then
            form2Position = CType(sender, Form).Bounds
        End If
    End Sub
    
    Private Sub OnFormClosed(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
        ' When a form is closed, decrement the count of open forms.

        ' When the count gets to 0, exit the app by calling
        ' ExitThread().
        formCount = formCount - 1
        If (formCount = 0) Then
            ExitThread()
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Function WriteFormDataToFile() As Boolean
        ' Write the form positions to the file.
        Dim encoding As UTF8Encoding = New UTF8Encoding()

        Dim rectConv As RectangleConverter = New RectangleConverter()
        Dim form1pos As String = rectConv.ConvertToString(form1Position)
        Dim form2pos As String = rectConv.ConvertToString(form2Position)

        Dim dataToWrite As Byte() = encoding.GetBytes("~" + form1pos + "~" + form2pos)

        Try
            ' Set the write position to the start of the file and write
            userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
            userData.Write(dataToWrite, 0, dataToWrite.Length)
            userData.Flush()

            userData.SetLength(dataToWrite.Length)
            Return True

        Catch
            ' An error occurred while attempting to write, return false.
            Return False
        End Try

    End Function

    Private Function ReadFormDataFromFile() As Boolean
        ' Read the form positions from the file.
        Dim encoding As UTF8Encoding = New UTF8Encoding()
        Dim data As String

        If (userData.Length <> 0) Then
            Dim dataToRead(userData.Length) As Byte

            Try
                ' Set the read position to the start of the file and read.
                userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
                userData.Read(dataToRead, 0, dataToRead.Length)

            Catch e As IOException
                Dim errorInfo As String = e.ToString()
                ' An error occurred while attempt to read, return false.
                Return False
            End Try

            ' Parse out the data to get the window rectangles
            data = encoding.GetString(dataToRead)

            Try
                ' Convert the string data to rectangles
                Dim rectConv As RectangleConverter = New RectangleConverter()
                Dim form1pos As String = data.Substring(1, data.IndexOf("~", 1) - 1)

                form1Position = CType(rectConv.ConvertFromString(form1pos), Rectangle)

                Dim form2pos As String = data.Substring(data.IndexOf("~", 1) + 1)
                form2Position = CType(rectConv.ConvertFromString(form2pos), Rectangle)

                Return True

            Catch
                ' Error occurred while attempting to convert the rectangle data.
                ' Return false to use default values.
                Return False
            End Try

        Else
            ' No data in the file, return false to use default values.
            Return False
        End If
    End Function

End Class

Public Module MyApplication
    Public Sub Main()
        ' Create the MyApplicationContext, that derives from ApplicationContext,
        ' that manages when the application should exit.

        Dim context As MyApplicationContext = New MyApplicationContext()

        ' Run the application with the specific context. It will exit when
        ' all forms are closed.
        Application.Run(context)
    End Sub
End Module


package MyApplication; 

import System.*;
import System.Drawing.*;
import System.Windows.Forms.*;
import System.ComponentModel.*;
import System.Text.*;
import System.IO.*;
   
// A simple form that represents a window in our application
public class AppForm2 extends System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    public AppForm2()
    {
        this.set_Size(new System.Drawing.Size(300, 300));
        this.set_Text("AppForm2");
    } //AppForm2
} //AppForm2
   
// A simple form that represents a window in our application
public class AppForm1 extends System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    public AppForm1()
    {
        this.set_Size(new System.Drawing.Size(300, 300));
        this.set_Text("AppForm1");
    } //AppForm1
} //AppForm1
   
// The class that handles the creation of the application windows
class MyApplicationContext extends ApplicationContext
{
    private int formCount;
    private AppForm1 form1;
    private AppForm2 form2;
    private Rectangle form1Position;
    private Rectangle form2Position;
    private FileStream userData;

    private MyApplicationContext()
    {
        formCount = 0;

        // Handle the ApplicationExit event to know 
        // when the application is exiting.
        Application.add_ApplicationExit(new EventHandler(
            this.OnApplicationExit));
        try {
            // Create a file that the application will store 
            // user specific data in.
            userData = new FileStream(Application.get_UserAppDataPath() 
                + "\\appdata.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            // Inform the user that an error occurred.
            MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while attempting to show the "
                + " application. The error is:" + e.ToString());

            // Exit the current thread instead of showing the windows.
            ExitThread();
        }

        // Create both application forms and handle the Closed event
        // to know when both forms are closed.
        form1 = new AppForm1();
        form1.add_Closed(new EventHandler(OnFormClosed));
        form1.add_Closing(new CancelEventHandler(OnFormClosing));
        formCount++;
        form2 = new AppForm2();
        form2.add_Closed(new EventHandler(OnFormClosed));
        form2.add_Closing(new CancelEventHandler(OnFormClosing));
        formCount++;

        // Get the form positions based upon the user specific data.
        if (ReadFormDataFromFile()) {
            // If the data was read from the file, set the form
            // positions manually.
            form1.set_StartPosition(FormStartPosition.Manual);
            form2.set_StartPosition(FormStartPosition.Manual);
            form1.set_Bounds(form1Position);
            form2.set_Bounds(form2Position);
        }

        // Show both forms.
        form1.Show();
        form2.Show();
    } //MyApplicationContext

    private void OnApplicationExit(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // When the application is exiting, write the application data to the
        // user file and close it.
        WriteFormDataToFile();
        try {
            // Ignore any errors that might occur while closing the file handle.
            userData.Close();
        }
        catch (System.Exception exp) {
        }
    } //OnApplicationExit

    private void OnFormClosing(Object sender, CancelEventArgs e)
    {
        // When a form is closing, remember the form position so it
        // can be saved in the user data file.
        if (sender instanceof AppForm1) {
            form1Position = ((Form)sender).get_Bounds();
        }
        else {
            if (sender instanceof AppForm2) {
                form2Position = ((Form)sender).get_Bounds();
            }
        }
    } //OnFormClosing

    private void OnFormClosed(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // When a form is closed, decrement the count of open forms.
        // When the count gets to 0, exit the app by calling
        // ExitThread().
        formCount--;
        if (formCount == 0) {
            ExitThread();
        }
    } //OnFormClosed

    private boolean WriteFormDataToFile()
    {
        // Write the form positions to the file.
        UTF8Encoding encoding = new UTF8Encoding();
        RectangleConverter rectConv = new RectangleConverter();
        String form1Pos = rectConv.ConvertToString(form1Position);
        String form2Pos = rectConv.ConvertToString(form2Position);
        ubyte dataToWrite[] = encoding.GetBytes("~" + form1Pos + "~" 
            + form2Pos);

        try {
            // Set the write position to the start of the file and write
            userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
            userData.Write(dataToWrite, 0, dataToWrite.length);
            userData.Flush();
            userData.SetLength(dataToWrite.length);
            return true;
        }
        catch (System.Exception exp) {
            // An error occurred while attempting to write, return false.
            return false;
        }
    } //WriteFormDataToFile

    private boolean ReadFormDataFromFile()
    {
        // Read the form positions from the file.
        UTF8Encoding encoding = new UTF8Encoding();
        String data;

        if (userData.get_Length() != 0) {
            ubyte dataToRead[] = new ubyte[(int)userData.get_Length()];

            try {
                // Set the read position to the start of the file and read.
                userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                userData.Read(dataToRead, 0, dataToRead.length);
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                String errorInfo = e.ToString();

                // An error occurred while attempt to read, return false.
                return false;
            }

            // Parse out the data to get the window rectangles
            data = encoding.GetString(dataToRead);
            try {
                // Convert the string data to rectangles
                RectangleConverter rectConv = new RectangleConverter();
                String form1Pos = data.Substring(1, data.IndexOf("~", 1) - 1);
                form1Position = 
                    (Rectangle)(rectConv.ConvertFromString(form1Pos));

                String form2Pos = data.Substring(data.IndexOf("~", 1) + 1);
                form2Position = 
                    (Rectangle)(rectConv.ConvertFromString(form2Pos));
                return true;
            }
            catch (System.Exception exp) {
                // Error occurred while attempting to convert the rectangle data.
                // Return false to use default values.
                return false;
            }
        }
        else {
            // No data in the file, return false to use default values.
            return false;
        }
    } //ReadFormDataFromFile

    /** @attribute STAThread()
     */
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // Create the MyApplicationContext, that derives from
        // ApplicationContext, that manages when the application should exit.
        MyApplicationContext context = new MyApplicationContext();

        // Run the application with the specific context. It will exit when
        // all forms are closed.
        Application.Run(context);
    } //main 
} //MyApplicationContext

System.Object
  System.Windows.Forms.ApplicationContext

Any public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.

Windows 98, Windows 2000 SP4, Windows CE, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows Mobile for Pocket PC, Windows Mobile for Smartphone, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Starter Edition

The .NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see System Requirements.

.NET Framework

Supported in: 2.0, 1.1, 1.0

Community Additions

ADD
Show: