MulticastDelegate Class
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
[SerializableAttribute] [ComVisibleAttribute(true)] public ref class MulticastDelegate abstract : public Delegate
/** @attribute SerializableAttribute() */ /** @attribute ComVisibleAttribute(true) */ public abstract class MulticastDelegate extends Delegate
SerializableAttribute ComVisibleAttribute(true) public abstract class MulticastDelegate extends Delegate
Not applicable.
MulticastDelegate is a special class. Compilers and other tools can derive from this class, but you cannot derive from it explicitly. The same is true of the Delegate class.
A MulticastDelegate has a linked list of delegates, called an invocation list, consisting of one or more elements. When a multicast delegate is invoked, the delegates in the invocation list are called synchronously in the order in which they appear. If an error occurs during execution of the list then an exception is thrown.
The following example demonstrates the use of a class that is derived from MulticastDelegate.
using namespace System; // This class contains strings. It has a member method that // accepts a multicast delegate as a parameter and calls it. ref class HoldsStrings { public: // The following line causes the compiler to generate // a new delegate class named CheckAndPrintDelegate that // inherits from System.MulticastDelegate. delegate void CheckAndPrintDelegate( String^ str ); private: // An ArrayList that holds strings System::Collections::ArrayList^ myStringArray; public: HoldsStrings() { myStringArray = gcnew System::Collections::ArrayList; } // A method that adds more strings to the Collection void addstring( String^ str ) { myStringArray->Add( str ); } // Iterate through the strings and invoke the method(s) that the delegate points to void PrintAllQualified( CheckAndPrintDelegate^ myDelegate ) { System::Collections::IEnumerator^ myEnum = myStringArray->GetEnumerator(); while ( myEnum->MoveNext() ) { String^ str = safe_cast<String^>(myEnum->Current); myDelegate( str ); } } }; //end of class HoldsStrings // This class contains a few sample methods ref class StringFuncs { public: // This method prints a String* that it is passed if the String* starts with a vowel static void ConStart( String^ str ) { if ( !(str[ 0 ] == 'a' || str[ 0 ] == 'e' || str[ 0 ] == 'i' || str[ 0 ] == 'o' || str[ 0 ] == 'u') ) Console::WriteLine( str ); } // This method prints a String* that it is passed if the String* starts with a consonant static void VowelStart( String^ str ) { if ( (str[ 0 ] == 'a' || str[ 0 ] == 'e' || str[ 0 ] == 'i' || str[ 0 ] == 'o' || str[ 0 ] == 'u') ) Console::WriteLine( str ); } }; // This function demonstrates using Delegates, including using the Remove and // Combine methods to create and modify delegate combinations. int main() { // Declare the HoldsStrings class and add some strings HoldsStrings^ myHoldsStrings = gcnew HoldsStrings; myHoldsStrings->addstring( "This" ); myHoldsStrings->addstring( "is" ); myHoldsStrings->addstring( "a" ); myHoldsStrings->addstring( "multicast" ); myHoldsStrings->addstring( "delegate" ); myHoldsStrings->addstring( "example" ); // Create two delegates individually using different methods HoldsStrings::CheckAndPrintDelegate^ ConStartDel = gcnew HoldsStrings::CheckAndPrintDelegate( StringFuncs::ConStart ); HoldsStrings::CheckAndPrintDelegate^ VowStartDel = gcnew HoldsStrings::CheckAndPrintDelegate( StringFuncs::VowelStart ); // Demonstrate that MulticastDelegates may store only one delegate array<Delegate^>^DelegateList; // Returns an array of all delegates stored in the linked list of the // MulticastDelegate. In these cases the lists will hold only one (Multicast) delegate DelegateList = ConStartDel->GetInvocationList(); Console::WriteLine( "ConStartDel contains {0} delegate(s).", DelegateList->Length ); DelegateList = VowStartDel->GetInvocationList(); Console::WriteLine( "ConStartVow contains {0} delegate(s).", DelegateList->Length ); // Determine whether the delegates are System::Multicast delegates if ( dynamic_cast<System::MulticastDelegate^>(ConStartDel) && dynamic_cast<System::MulticastDelegate^>(VowStartDel) ) { Console::WriteLine( "ConStartDel and ConStartVow are System::MulticastDelegates" ); } // Run the two single delegates one after the other Console::WriteLine( "Running ConStartDel delegate:" ); myHoldsStrings->PrintAllQualified( ConStartDel ); Console::WriteLine( "Running VowStartDel delegate:" ); myHoldsStrings->PrintAllQualified( VowStartDel ); // Create a new, empty MulticastDelegate HoldsStrings::CheckAndPrintDelegate^ MultiDel; // Delegate::Combine receives an unspecified number of MulticastDelegates as parameters MultiDel = dynamic_cast<HoldsStrings::CheckAndPrintDelegate^>(Delegate::Combine( ConStartDel, VowStartDel )); // How many delegates is this delegate holding? DelegateList = MultiDel->GetInvocationList(); Console::WriteLine( "\nMulitDel contains {0} delegates.", DelegateList->Length ); // What happens when this mulitcast delegate is passed to PrintAllQualified Console::WriteLine( "Running the multiple delegate that combined the first two" ); myHoldsStrings->PrintAllQualified( MultiDel ); // The Remove and Combine methods modify the multiple delegate MultiDel = dynamic_cast<HoldsStrings::CheckAndPrintDelegate^>(Delegate::Remove( MultiDel, VowStartDel )); MultiDel = dynamic_cast<HoldsStrings::CheckAndPrintDelegate^>(Delegate::Combine( MultiDel, ConStartDel )); // Finally, pass the combined delegates to PrintAllQualified again Console::WriteLine( "\nRunning the multiple delegate that contains two copies of ConStartDel:" ); myHoldsStrings->PrintAllQualified( MultiDel ); } //end of main
import System.*;
// This class contains strings. It has a member method that
// accepts a multicast delegate as a parameter and calls it.
class HoldsStrings
{
/** @delegate
*/
// This delegate is declared as a void, so the compiler automatically
// generates a new class, named CheckAndPrintDelegate, that inherits from
// System.MulticastDelegate.
public delegate void CheckAndPrintDelegate(String str);
// An ArrayList that holds strings
private System.Collections.ArrayList myStringArray =
new System.Collections.ArrayList();
// A method that adds more strings to the Collection
public void addstring(String str)
{
myStringArray.Add(str);
} //addstring
// Iterate through the strings and invoke the method(s) that the delegate
// points to
public void PrintAllQualified(CheckAndPrintDelegate myDelegate)
{
for (int iCtr1 = 0; iCtr1 < myStringArray.get_Count(); iCtr1++) {
String str = System.Convert.ToString(myStringArray.get_Item(iCtr1));
myDelegate.Invoke(str);
}
} //PrintAllQualified
} //HoldsStrings
//end of class HoldsStrings
// This class contains a few sample methods
class StringFuncs
{
// This method prints a string that it is passed if the string starts
// with a vowel
public static void ConStart(String str)
{
if (!(str.get_Chars(0) == 'a' || str.get_Chars(0) == 'e'
|| str.get_Chars(0) == 'i' || str.get_Chars(0) == 'o'
|| str.get_Chars(0) == 'u')) {
Console.WriteLine(str);
}
} //ConStart
// This method prints a string that it is passed if the string starts with
// a consonant
public static void VowelStart(String str)
{
if (str.get_Chars(0) == 'a' || str.get_Chars(0) == 'e'
|| str.get_Chars(0) == 'i' || str.get_Chars(0) == 'o'
|| str.get_Chars(0) == 'u') {
Console.WriteLine(str);
}
} //VowelStart
} //StringFuncs
// This class demonstrates using Delegates, including using the Remove and
// Combine methods to create and modify delegate combinations.
class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Declare the HoldsStrings class and add some strings
HoldsStrings myHoldsStrings = new HoldsStrings();
myHoldsStrings.addstring("This");
myHoldsStrings.addstring("is");
myHoldsStrings.addstring("a");
myHoldsStrings.addstring("multicast");
myHoldsStrings.addstring("delegate");
myHoldsStrings.addstring("example");
// Create two delegates individually using different methods
HoldsStrings.CheckAndPrintDelegate ConStartDel =
new HoldsStrings.CheckAndPrintDelegate(StringFuncs.ConStart);
HoldsStrings.CheckAndPrintDelegate VowStartDel =
new HoldsStrings.CheckAndPrintDelegate(StringFuncs.VowelStart);
// Demonstrate that MulticastDelegates may store only one delegate
Delegate DelegateList[];
// Returns an array of all delegates stored in the linked list of the
// MulticastDelegate. In these cases the lists will hold only one
// (Multicast) delegate
DelegateList = ConStartDel.GetInvocationList();
Console.WriteLine("ConStartDel contains " + DelegateList.get_Length()
+ " delegate(s).");
DelegateList = VowStartDel.GetInvocationList();
Console.WriteLine("ConStartVow contains " + DelegateList.get_Length()
+ " delegate(s).");
// Determine whether the delegates are System.Multicast delegates
// if (ConStartDel is System.MulticastDelegate && VowStartDel is
// System.MulticastDelegate) {
Console.WriteLine("ConStartDel and ConStartVow are "
+ "System.MulticastDelegates");
// }
// Run the two single delegates one after the other
Console.WriteLine("Running ConStartDel delegate:");
myHoldsStrings.PrintAllQualified(ConStartDel);
Console.WriteLine("Running VowStartDel delegate:");
myHoldsStrings.PrintAllQualified(VowStartDel);
// Create a new, empty MulticastDelegate
HoldsStrings.CheckAndPrintDelegate multiDel;
// Delegate.Combine receives an unspecified number of MulticastDelegates
// as parameters
multiDel = (HoldsStrings.CheckAndPrintDelegate)(Delegate.Combine(
ConStartDel, VowStartDel));
// How many delegates is this delegate holding?
DelegateList = multiDel.GetInvocationList();
Console.WriteLine("\nMulitDel contains " + DelegateList.get_Length()
+ " delegates.");
// What happens when this mulitcast delegate is passed to
// PrintAllQualified
Console.WriteLine("Running the multiple delegate that combined the "
+ "first two");
myHoldsStrings.PrintAllQualified(multiDel);
// The Remove and Combine methods modify the multiple delegate
multiDel = (HoldsStrings.CheckAndPrintDelegate)(Delegate.Remove(
multiDel, VowStartDel));
multiDel = (HoldsStrings.CheckAndPrintDelegate)(Delegate.Combine(
multiDel, ConStartDel));
// Finally, pass the combined delegates to PrintAllQualified again
Console.WriteLine("\nRunning the multiple delegate that contains two "
+ "copies of ConStartDel:");
myHoldsStrings.PrintAllQualified(multiDel);
return;
} //main
} //Test
Windows 98, Windows Server 2000 SP4, Windows CE, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows Mobile for Pocket PC, Windows Mobile for Smartphone, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Starter Edition
The Microsoft .NET Framework 3.0 is supported on Windows Vista, Microsoft Windows XP SP2, and Windows Server 2003 SP1.