StackFrame Class
Provides information about a StackFrame, which represents a function call on the call stack for the current thread.
For a list of all members of this type, see StackFrame Members.
System.Object
System.Diagnostics.StackFrame
[Visual Basic] <Serializable> Public Class StackFrame [C#] [Serializable] public class StackFrame [C++] [Serializable] public __gc class StackFrame [JScript] public Serializable class StackFrame
Thread Safety
Any public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.
Remarks
A StackFrame is created and pushed on the call stack for every function call made during the execution of a thread. The stack frame always includes MethodBase information, and optionally includes file name, line number, and column number information. StackFrame information will be most informative with Debug build configurations. By default, Debug builds include debug symbols, while Release builds do not. The debug symbols contain most of the file, method name, line number, and column information used in constructing StackFrame objects.
Example
[Visual Basic, C#, C++] The following code example demonstrates how to create and use a StackFrame.
[Visual Basic] Imports System Imports System.Diagnostics Imports SampleInternal Namespace SamplePublic ' This console application illustrates various uses ' of the StackTrace and StackFrame classes. Class ConsoleApp <STAThread()> _ Shared Sub Main() Dim mainClass As New ClassLevel1 Try mainClass.InternalMethod() Catch Console.WriteLine(" Main method exception handler") ' Display file and line information, if available. Dim st As New StackTrace(New StackFrame(True)) Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace for current level: {0}", _ st.ToString()) Console.WriteLine(" File: {0}", _ st.GetFrame(0).GetFileName()) Console.WriteLine(" Line Number: {0}", _ st.GetFrame(0).GetFileLineNumber().ToString()) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------") Console.WriteLine() End Try End Sub 'Main End Class 'ConsoleApp End Namespace 'StackFramePublic Namespace SampleInternal Public Class ClassLevel1 Public Sub InternalMethod() Try Dim nestedClass As New ClassLevel2 nestedClass.Level2Method() Catch e As Exception Console.WriteLine(" InternalMethod exception handler") ' Build a stack trace from one frame, skipping the ' current frame and using the next frame. By default, ' file and line information are not displayed. Dim st As New StackTrace(New StackFrame(1)) Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace for next level frame: {0}", _ st.ToString()) Console.WriteLine(" Stack frame for next level: ") Console.WriteLine(" {0}", st.GetFrame(0).ToString()) Console.WriteLine(" Line Number: {0}", _ st.GetFrame(0).GetFileLineNumber().ToString()) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(" ... throwing exception to next level ...") Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------") Console.WriteLine() Throw e End Try End Sub 'InternalMethod End Class 'ClassLevel1 Public Class ClassLevel2 Public Sub Level2Method() Try Dim nestedClass As New ClassLevel3 nestedClass.Level3Method() Catch e As Exception Console.WriteLine(" Level2Method exception handler") ' Display the full call stack at this level. Dim st1 As New StackTrace(True) Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace for this level: {0}", _ st1.ToString()) ' Build a stack trace from one frame, skipping the current ' frame and using the next frame. Dim st2 As New StackTrace(New StackFrame(1, True)) Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace built with next level frame: {0}", _ st2.ToString()) ' Build a stack trace skipping the current frame, and ' including all the other frames. Dim st3 As New StackTrace(1, True) Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace built from the next level up: {0}", _ st3.ToString()) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(" ... throwing exception to next level ...") Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------") Console.WriteLine() Throw e End Try End Sub 'Level2Method End Class 'ClassLevel2 Public Class ClassLevel3 Public Sub Level3Method() Try Dim nestedClass As New ClassLevel4() nestedClass.Level4Method() Catch e As Exception Console.WriteLine(" Level3Method exception handler") ' Build a stack trace from a dummy stack frame. ' Explicitly specify the source file name and line number. Dim st As New StackTrace(New StackFrame("source.cs", 60)) Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace with dummy stack frame: {0}", _ st.ToString()) Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To st.FrameCount - 1 ' Display the stack frame properties. Dim sf As StackFrame = st.GetFrame(i) Console.WriteLine(" File: {0}", sf.GetFileName()) Console.WriteLine(" Line Number: {0}", _ sf.GetFileLineNumber()) ' The column number defaults to zero when not initialized. Console.WriteLine(" Column Number: {0}", _ sf.GetFileColumnNumber()) If sf.GetILOffset <> StackFrame.OFFSET_UNKNOWN Console.WriteLine(" Intermediate Language Offset: {0}", _ sf.GetILOffset()) End If If sf.GetNativeOffset <> StackFrame.OFFSET_UNKNOWN Console.WriteLine(" Native Offset: {0}", _ sf.GetNativeOffset()) End If Next i Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(" ... throwing exception to next level ...") Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------") Console.WriteLine() Throw e End Try End Sub 'Level3Method End Class 'ClassLevel3 Public Class ClassLevel4 Public Sub Level4Method() Try Dim [nestedClass] As New ClassLevel5() [nestedClass].Level5Method() Catch e As Exception Console.WriteLine(" Level4Method exception handler") ' Build a stack trace from a dummy stack frame. ' Explicitly specify the source file name, line number ' and column number. Dim st As New StackTrace(New StackFrame("source.cs", 79, 24)) Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace with dummy stack frame: {0}", _ st.ToString()) ' Access the StackFrames explicitly to display the file ' name, line number and column number properties. ' StackTrace.ToString only includes the method name. Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To st.FrameCount - 1 Dim sf As StackFrame = st.GetFrame(i) Console.WriteLine(" File: {0}", sf.GetFileName()) Console.WriteLine(" Line Number: {0}", _ sf.GetFileLineNumber()) Console.WriteLine(" Column Number: {0}", _ sf.GetFileColumnNumber()) Next i Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(" ... throwing exception to next level ...") Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------") Console.WriteLine() Throw e End Try End Sub 'Level4Method End Class 'ClassLevel4 Public Class ClassLevel5 Public Sub Level5Method() Try Dim nestedClass As New ClassLevel6() nestedClass.Level6Method() Catch e As Exception Console.WriteLine(" Level5Method exception handler") Dim st As New StackTrace() ' Display the most recent function call. Dim sf As StackFrame = st.GetFrame(0) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(" Exception in method: ") Console.WriteLine(" {0}", sf.GetMethod()) If st.FrameCount > 1 Then ' Display the highest-level function call in the trace. sf = st.GetFrame((st.FrameCount - 1)) Console.WriteLine(" Original function call at top of call stack):") Console.WriteLine(" {0}", sf.GetMethod()) End If Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(" ... throwing exception to next level ...") Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------") Console.WriteLine() Throw e End Try End Sub 'Level5Method End Class 'ClassLevel5 Public Class ClassLevel6 Public Sub Level6Method() Throw New Exception("An error occurred in the lowest internal class method.") End Sub 'Level6Method End Class 'ClassLevel6 End Namespace 'StackFrameInternal [C#] using System; using System.Diagnostics; using SampleInternal; namespace SamplePublic { // This console application illustrates various uses // of the StackTrace and StackFrame classes. class ConsoleApp { [STAThread] static void Main() { ClassLevel1 mainClass = new ClassLevel1(); try { mainClass.InternalMethod(); } catch (Exception) { Console.WriteLine(" Main method exception handler"); // Display file and line information, if available. StackTrace st = new StackTrace(new StackFrame(true)); Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace for current level: {0}", st.ToString()); Console.WriteLine(" File: {0}", st.GetFrame(0).GetFileName()); Console.WriteLine(" Line Number: {0}", st.GetFrame(0).GetFileLineNumber().ToString()); Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------\n"); } } } } namespace SampleInternal { public class ClassLevel1 { public void InternalMethod() { try { ClassLevel2 nestedClass = new ClassLevel2(); nestedClass.Level2Method(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(" InternalMethod exception handler"); // Build a stack trace from one frame, skipping the // current frame and using the next frame. By // default, file and line information are not displayed. StackTrace st = new StackTrace(new StackFrame(1)); Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace for next level frame: {0}", st.ToString()); Console.WriteLine(" Stack frame for next level: "); Console.WriteLine(" {0}", st.GetFrame(0).ToString()); Console.WriteLine(" Line Number: {0}", st.GetFrame(0).GetFileLineNumber().ToString()); Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine(" ... throwing exception to next level ..."); Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------\n"); throw e; } } } public class ClassLevel2 { public void Level2Method() { try { ClassLevel3 nestedClass = new ClassLevel3(); nestedClass.Level3Method(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(" Level2Method exception handler"); // Display the full call stack at this level. StackTrace st1 = new StackTrace(true); Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace for this level: {0}", st1.ToString()); // Build a stack trace from one frame, skipping the current // frame and using the next frame. StackTrace st2 = new StackTrace(new StackFrame(1, true)); Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace built with next level frame: {0}", st2.ToString()); // Build a stack trace skipping the current frame, and // including all the other frames. StackTrace st3 = new StackTrace(1, true); Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace built from the next level up: {0}", st3.ToString()); Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine(" ... throwing exception to next level ..."); Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------\n"); throw e; } } } public class ClassLevel3 { public void Level3Method() { try { ClassLevel4 nestedClass = new ClassLevel4(); nestedClass.Level4Method(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(" Level3Method exception handler"); // Build a stack trace from a dummy stack frame. // Explicitly specify the source file name and // line number. StackTrace st = new StackTrace(new StackFrame("source.cs", 60)); Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace with dummy stack frame: {0}", st.ToString()); for(int i =0; i< st.FrameCount; i++ ) { // Display the stack frame properties. StackFrame sf = st.GetFrame(i); Console.WriteLine(" File: {0}", sf.GetFileName()); Console.WriteLine(" Line Number: {0}", sf.GetFileLineNumber()); // Note that the column number defaults to zero // when not initialized. Console.WriteLine(" Column Number: {0}", sf.GetFileColumnNumber()); if (sf.GetILOffset() != StackFrame.OFFSET_UNKNOWN) { Console.WriteLine(" Intermediate Language Offset: {0}", sf.GetILOffset()); } if (sf.GetNativeOffset() != StackFrame.OFFSET_UNKNOWN) { Console.WriteLine(" Native Offset: {0}", sf.GetNativeOffset()); } } Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine(" ... throwing exception to next level ..."); Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------\n"); throw e; } } } public class ClassLevel4 { public void Level4Method() { try { ClassLevel5 nestedClass = new ClassLevel5(); nestedClass.Level5Method(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(" Level4Method exception handler"); // Build a stack trace from a dummy stack frame. // Explicitly specify the source file name, line number // and column number. StackTrace st = new StackTrace(new StackFrame("source.cs", 79, 24)); Console.WriteLine(" Stack trace with dummy stack frame: {0}", st.ToString()); // Access the StackFrames explicitly to display the file // name, line number and column number properties. // StackTrace.ToString only includes the method name. for(int i =0; i< st.FrameCount; i++ ) { StackFrame sf = st.GetFrame(i); Console.WriteLine(" File: {0}", sf.GetFileName()); Console.WriteLine(" Line Number: {0}", sf.GetFileLineNumber()); Console.WriteLine(" Column Number: {0}", sf.GetFileColumnNumber()); } Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine(" ... throwing exception to next level ..."); Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------\n"); throw e; } } } public class ClassLevel5 { public void Level5Method() { try { ClassLevel6 nestedClass = new ClassLevel6(); nestedClass.Level6Method(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(" Level5Method exception handler"); StackTrace st = new StackTrace(); // Display the most recent function call. StackFrame sf = st.GetFrame(0); Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine(" Exception in method: "); Console.WriteLine(" {0}", sf.GetMethod()); if (st.FrameCount >1) { // Display the highest-level function call // in the trace. sf = st.GetFrame(st.FrameCount-1); Console.WriteLine(" Original function call at top of call stack):"); Console.WriteLine(" {0}", sf.GetMethod()); } Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine(" ... throwing exception to next level ..."); Console.WriteLine("-------------------------------------------------\n"); throw e; } } } public class ClassLevel6 { public void Level6Method() { throw new Exception("An error occurred in the lowest internal class method."); } } } [C++] #using <mscorlib.dll> #using <System.dll> using namespace System; using namespace System::Diagnostics; // This console application illustrates various uses // of the StackTrace and StackFrame classes. namespace SampleInternal { public __gc class ClassLevel6 { public: void Level6Method() { throw new Exception(S"An error occurred in the lowest internal class method."); } }; public __gc class ClassLevel5 { public: void Level5Method() { try { ClassLevel6 *nestedClass = new ClassLevel6(); nestedClass->Level6Method(); } catch (Exception *e) { Console::WriteLine(S" Level5Method exception handler"); StackTrace *st = new StackTrace(); // Display the most recent function call. StackFrame *sf = st->GetFrame(0); Console::WriteLine(); Console::WriteLine(S" Exception in method: "); Console::WriteLine(S" {0}", sf->GetMethod()); if (st->FrameCount >1) { // Display the highest-level function call // in the trace. sf = st->GetFrame(st->FrameCount-1); Console::WriteLine(S" Original function call at top of call stack):"); Console::WriteLine(S" {0}", sf->GetMethod()); } Console::WriteLine(); Console::WriteLine(S" ... throwing exception to next level ..."); Console::WriteLine(S"-------------------------------------------------\n"); throw e; } } }; public __gc class ClassLevel4 { public: void Level4Method() { try { ClassLevel5 *nestedClass = new ClassLevel5(); nestedClass->Level5Method(); } catch (Exception *e) { Console::WriteLine(S" Level4Method exception handler"); // Build a stack trace from a dummy stack frame. // Explicitly specify the source file name, line number // and column number. StackTrace *st = new StackTrace(new StackFrame(S"source.cs", 79, 24)); Console::WriteLine(S" Stack trace with dummy stack frame: {0}", st->ToString()); // Access the StackFrames explicitly to display the file // name, line number and column number properties. // StackTrace.ToString only includes the method name. for(int i =0; i< st->FrameCount; i++ ) { StackFrame *sf = st->GetFrame(i); Console::WriteLine(S" File: {0}", sf->GetFileName()); Console::WriteLine(S" Line Number: {0}", sf->GetFileLineNumber().ToString()); Console::WriteLine(S" Column Number: {0}", sf->GetFileColumnNumber().ToString()); } Console::WriteLine(); Console::WriteLine(S" ... throwing exception to next level ..."); Console::WriteLine(S"-------------------------------------------------\n"); throw e; } } }; public __gc class ClassLevel3 { public: void Level3Method() { try { ClassLevel4 *nestedClass = new ClassLevel4(); nestedClass->Level4Method(); } catch (Exception *e) { Console::WriteLine(S" Level3Method exception handler"); // Build a stack trace from a dummy stack frame. // Explicitly specify the source file name and line number. StackTrace *st = new StackTrace(new StackFrame(S"source.cs", 60)); Console::WriteLine(S" Stack trace with dummy stack frame: {0}", st->ToString()); for(int i =0; i< st->FrameCount; i++ ) { // Display the stack frame properties. StackFrame *sf = st->GetFrame(i); Console::WriteLine(S" File: {0}", sf->GetFileName()); Console::WriteLine(S" Line Number: {0}", sf->GetFileLineNumber().ToString()); // Note that the column number defaults to zero // when not initialized. Console::WriteLine(S" Column Number: {0}", sf->GetFileColumnNumber().ToString()); Console::WriteLine(S" Intermediate Language Offset: {0}", sf->GetILOffset().ToString()); Console::WriteLine(S" Native Offset: {0}", sf->GetNativeOffset().ToString()); } Console::WriteLine(); Console::WriteLine(S" ... throwing exception to next level ..."); Console::WriteLine(S"-------------------------------------------------\n"); throw e; } } }; public __gc class ClassLevel2 { public: void Level2Method() { try { ClassLevel3 *nestedClass = new ClassLevel3(); nestedClass->Level3Method(); } catch (Exception *e) { Console::WriteLine(S" Level2Method exception handler"); // Display the full call stack at this level. StackTrace *st1 = new StackTrace(true); Console::WriteLine(S" Stack trace for this level: {0}", st1->ToString()); // Build a stack trace from one frame, skipping the // current frame and using the next frame. StackTrace *st2 = new StackTrace(new StackFrame(1, true)); Console::WriteLine(S" Stack trace built with next level frame: {0}", st2->ToString()); // Build a stack trace skipping the current frame, and // including all the other frames. StackTrace *st3 = new StackTrace(1, true); Console::WriteLine(S" Stack trace built from the next level up: {0}", st3->ToString()); Console::WriteLine(); Console::WriteLine(S" ... throwing exception to next level ..."); Console::WriteLine(S"-------------------------------------------------\n"); throw e; } } }; public __gc class ClassLevel1 { public: void InternalMethod() { try { ClassLevel2 *nestedClass = new ClassLevel2(); nestedClass->Level2Method(); } catch (Exception *e) { Console::WriteLine(S" InternalMethod exception handler"); // Build a stack trace from one frame, skipping the // current frame and using the next frame. By // default, file and line information are not displayed. StackTrace *st = new StackTrace(new StackFrame(1)); Console::WriteLine(S" Stack trace for next level frame: {0}", st->ToString()); Console::WriteLine(S" Stack frame for next level: "); Console::WriteLine(S" {0}", st->GetFrame(0)->ToString()); Console::WriteLine(S" Line Number: {0}", st->GetFrame(0)->GetFileLineNumber().ToString()); Console::WriteLine(); Console::WriteLine(S" ... throwing exception to next level ..."); Console::WriteLine(S"-------------------------------------------------\n"); throw e; } } }; } using namespace SampleInternal; namespace SamplePublic { class ConsoleApp { public: [STAThread] static void Main() { ClassLevel1 *mainClass = new ClassLevel1(); try { mainClass->InternalMethod(); } catch (Exception *e) { Console::WriteLine(S" Main method exception handler"); // Display file and line information, if available. StackTrace *st = new StackTrace(new StackFrame(true)); Console::WriteLine(S" Stack trace for current level: {0}", st->ToString()); Console::WriteLine(S" File: {0}", st->GetFrame(0)->GetFileName()); Console::WriteLine(S" Line Number: {0}", st->GetFrame(0)->GetFileLineNumber().ToString()); Console::WriteLine(); Console::WriteLine(S"-------------------------------------------------\n"); } } }; } int main() { SamplePublic::ConsoleApp::Main(); };
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Requirements
Namespace: System.Diagnostics
Platforms: Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows 2000, Windows XP Home Edition, Windows XP Professional, Windows Server 2003 family
Assembly: Mscorlib (in Mscorlib.dll)
See Also
StackFrame Members | System.Diagnostics Namespace | StackTrace