Math::Round Method (Decimal, Int32, MidpointRounding)
Rounds a decimal value to a specified number of fractional digits. A parameter specifies how to round the value if it is midway between two other numbers.
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
Parameters
- d
- Type: System::Decimal
A decimal number to be rounded.
- decimals
- Type: System::Int32
The number of decimal places in the return value.
- mode
- Type: System::MidpointRounding
Specification for how to round d if it is midway between two other numbers.
Return Value
Type: System::DecimalThe number nearest to d that contains a number of fractional digits equal to decimals. If d has fewer fractional digits than decimals, d is returned unchanged.
| Exception | Condition |
|---|---|
| ArgumentOutOfRangeException | decimals is less than 0 or greater than 28. |
| ArgumentException | mode is not a valid value of System::MidpointRounding. |
| OverflowException | The result is outside the range of a Decimal. |
The decimals parameter specifies the number of fractional digits in the return value and ranges from 0 to 28. If decimals is zero, an integer is returned.
The mode parameter controls how d is rounded if the value to the right of the decimals position is halfway between the x and x+1, where x represents the value in the decimals position. mode can have one of the following two values:
MidpointRounding::ToEven. If the digit in the decimals position is odd, it is changed to an even digit. Otherwise, it is left unchanged. This behavior follows IEEE Standard 754, section 4. It is sometimes called rounding to nearest, or banker's rounding. It minimizes rounding errors that result from consistently rounding a midpoint value in a single direction.
AwayFromZero. The digit in the decimals position is always rounded up to the next digit. This is the most commonly known rounding method. It is known as symmetric arithmetic rounding.
The following code example demonstrates how to use the Round method with the MidpointRounding enumeration.
// This example demonstrates the Math.Round() method in conjunction // with the MidpointRounding enumeration. using namespace System; void main() { Decimal result = (Decimal) 0.0; Decimal posValue = (Decimal) 3.45; Decimal negValue = (Decimal) -3.45; // By default, round a positive and a negative value to the nearest // even number. The precision of the result is 1 decimal place. result = Math::Round(posValue, 1); Console::WriteLine("{0,4} = Math.Round({1,5}, 1)", result, posValue); result = Math::Round(negValue, 1); Console::WriteLine("{0,4} = Math.Round({1,5}, 1)", result, negValue); Console::WriteLine(); // Round a positive value to the nearest even number, then to the // nearest number away from zero. The precision of the result is 1 // decimal place. result = Math::Round(posValue, 1, MidpointRounding::ToEven); Console::WriteLine( "{0,4} = Math.Round({1,5}, 1, MidpointRounding.ToEven)", result, posValue); result = Math::Round(posValue, 1, MidpointRounding::AwayFromZero); Console::WriteLine( "{0,4} = Math.Round({1,5}, 1, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)", result, posValue); Console::WriteLine(); // Round a negative value to the nearest even number, then to the // nearest number away from zero. The precision of the result is 1 // decimal place. result = Math::Round(negValue, 1, MidpointRounding::ToEven); Console::WriteLine( "{0,4} = Math.Round({1,5}, 1, MidpointRounding.ToEven)", result, negValue); result = Math::Round(negValue, 1, MidpointRounding::AwayFromZero); Console::WriteLine( "{0,4} = Math.Round({1,5}, 1, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)", result, negValue); Console::WriteLine(); } /* This code example produces the following results: 3.4 = Math.Round( 3.45, 1) -3.4 = Math.Round(-3.45, 1) 3.4 = Math.Round( 3.45, 1, MidpointRounding.ToEven) 3.5 = Math.Round( 3.45, 1, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero) -3.4 = Math.Round(-3.45, 1, MidpointRounding.ToEven) -3.5 = Math.Round(-3.45, 1, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero) */
Windows 7, Windows Vista SP1 or later, Windows XP SP3, Windows XP SP2 x64 Edition, Windows Server 2008 (Server Core not supported), Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core supported with SP1 or later), Windows Server 2003 SP2
The .NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.