1.1 Glossary

This document uses the following terms:

200 OK: A response to indicate that the request has succeeded.

403 Forbidden: A response that indicates that a protocol server understood but denies a request.

access control entry (ACE): An entry in an access control list (ACL) that contains a set of user rights and a security identifier (SID) that identifies a principal for whom the rights are allowed, denied, or audited.

access control list (ACL): A list of access control entries (ACEs) that collectively describe the security rules for authorizing access to some resource; for example, an object or set of objects.

Best Effort NOTIFY (BENOTIFY): A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) method that is used to send notifications to a subscriber, as described in [MS-SIP]. Unlike the NOTIFY method, the BENOTIFY method does not require the recipient of the request to send a SIP response.

client: A computer on which the remote procedure call (RPC) client is executing.

dialog: A peer-to-peer Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) relationship that exists between two user agents and persists for a period of time. A dialog is established by SIP messages, such as a 2xx response to an INVITE request, and is identified by a call identifier, a local tag, and a remote tag.

directory service (DS): A service that stores and organizes information about a computer network's users and network shares, and that allows network administrators to manage users' access to the shares. See also Active Directory.

domain: A set of users and computers sharing a common namespace and management infrastructure. At least one computer member of the set must act as a domain controller (DC) and host a member list that identifies all members of the domain, as well as optionally hosting the Active Directory service. The domain controller provides authentication of members, creating a unit of trust for its members. Each domain has an identifier that is shared among its members. For more information, see [MS-AUTHSOD] section 1.1.1.5 and [MS-ADTS].

endpoint: A participant that uses the Microsoft Groove Dynamics Protocol, as described in [MS-GRVDYNM], to synchronize with a shared space. An endpoint is identified by the combination of an identity URL and a client device URL. Each endpoint maintains a copy of the data in a shared space.

event package: A specification that defines a set of state information to be reported by a notifying Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) client to a subscriber. An event package also defines further syntax and semantics based on the framework that is required to convey such state information.

fully qualified domain name (FQDN): An unambiguous domain name that gives an absolute location in the Domain Name System's (DNS) hierarchy tree, as defined in [RFC1035] section 3.1 and [RFC2181] section 11.

INVITE: A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) method that is used to invite a user or a service to participate in a session.

Kerberos: An authentication system that enables two parties to exchange private information across an otherwise open network by assigning a unique key (called a ticket) to each user that logs on to the network and then embedding these tickets into messages sent by the users. For more information, see [MS-KILE].

notification: The act of a notifier sending a NOTIFY message to a subscriber to inform the subscriber of the state of a resource.

notify: The process of sharing presence information with subscribed client devices by using the Wide Area Network Device Presence Protocol (WAN DPP).

NT LAN Manager (NTLM) Authentication Protocol: A protocol using a challenge-response mechanism for authentication in which clients are able to verify their identities without sending a password to the server. It consists of three messages, commonly referred to as Type 1 (negotiation), Type 2 (challenge) and Type 3 (authentication).

peer to peer (P2P): An Internet-based networking option in which two or more computers connect directly to each other to communicate and share files without use of a central server.

peer-to-peer (P2P): An Internet-based networking option in which two or more computers connect directly to each other in order to communicate.

Presence Information Data Format (PIDF): A common data format defined in [RFC3863] to exchange presence information.

presentity: An entity that provides presence information to a presence service.

proxy: A network node that accepts network traffic originating from one network agent and transmits it to another network agent.

REGISTER: A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) method that is used by an SIP client to register the client address with an SIP server.

salt: An additional random quantity, specified as input to an encryption function that is used to increase the strength of the encryption.

security association (SA): A simplex "connection" that provides security services to the traffic carried by it. See [RFC4301] for more information.

server: A computer on which the remote procedure call (RPC) server is executing.

service: A process or agent that is available on the network, offering resources or services for clients. Examples of services include file servers, web servers, and so on.

service principal name (SPN): The name a client uses to identify a service for mutual authentication. (For more information, see [RFC1964] section 2.1.1.) An SPN consists of either two parts or three parts, each separated by a forward slash ('/'). The first part is the service class, the second part is the host name, and the third part (if present) is the service name. For example, "ldap/dc-01.fabrikam.com/fabrikam.com" is a three-part SPN where "ldap" is the service class name, "dc-01.fabrikam.com" is the host name, and "fabrikam.com" is the service name. See [SPNNAMES] for more information about SPN format and composing a unique SPN.

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): An application-layer control (signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants. SIP is defined in [RFC3261].

SIP client (client): Any network client that sends SIP requests and receives SIP responses. Clients may or may not interact directly with a human user. User agent clients (UACs) and proxies are clients.

SIP header: A component of a SIP message that conveys information about the SIP message. It is structured as a sequence of header fields.

SIP message: The data that is exchanged between Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) elements as part of the protocol. An SIP message is either a request or a response.

SIP method: The primary function that an SIP request is meant to call on a server. This method is carried in the request message itself. Example methods are INVITE and BYE.

SIP request: A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message that is sent from a user agent client (UAC) to a user agent server (UAS) to call a specific operation.

SIP response: A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message that is sent from a user agent server (UAS) to a user agent client (UAC) to indicate the status of a request from the UAC to the UAS.

SIP transaction: A SIP transaction occurs between a UAC and a UAS. The SIP transaction comprises all messages from the first request sent from the UAC to the UAS up to a final response (non-1xx) sent from the UAS to the UAC. If the request is INVITE, and the final response is a non-2xx, the SIP transaction also includes an ACK to the response. The ACK for a 2xx response to an INVITE request is a separate SIP transaction.

SOAP: A lightweight protocol for exchanging structured information in a decentralized, distributed environment. SOAP uses XML technologies to define an extensible messaging framework, which provides a message construct that can be exchanged over a variety of underlying protocols. The framework has been designed to be independent of any particular programming model and other implementation-specific semantics. SOAP 1.2 supersedes SOAP 1.1. See [SOAP1.2-1/2003].

SOAP envelope: A container for SOAP message information and the root element of a SOAP document. See [SOAP1.2-1/2007] section 5.1 for more information.

subscribe: The process of registering to receive updates about presence information for client devices. The updates are delivered by using Wide Area Network Device Presence Protocol (WAN DPP).

subscription: The end result of an act of a SIP element sending a SUBSCRIBE request.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): A protocol used with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet. TCP handles keeping track of the individual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet.

Transport Layer Security (TLS): A security protocol that supports confidentiality and integrity of messages in client and server applications communicating over open networks. TLS supports server and, optionally, client authentication by using X.509 certificates (as specified in [X509]). TLS is standardized in the IETF TLS working group.

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): A string that identifies a resource. The URI is an addressing mechanism defined in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax [RFC3986].

user agent: An HTTP user agent, as specified in [RFC2616].

User Datagram Protocol (UDP): The connectionless protocol within TCP/IP that corresponds to the transport layer in the ISO/OSI reference model.

watcher: An entity that requests presence information on a presentity from the presence service.

XPIDF: A data format for presence using XML (for more information, see [DATAFORMATXML]).

MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as defined in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or SHOULD NOT.