1.1 Glossary
This document uses the following terms:
argument: A named Data Value that is passed as part of a Remote Method invocation or returned as part of the results of a Remote Method invocation. For more information about Remote Method invocation, see [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1.
array: A Remoting Type that is an ordered collection of values. The values are identified by their position and position is determined by a set of integer indices. The number of indices required to represent the position is called the Rank of the Array. An Array is part of the Remoting Data Model and also specifies the Remoting Type of its items. For more information, [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1.
Call Context: A mechanism to pass data that is not part of the method Arguments between client and server. It is a collection of name-value pairs that is carried with the execution of a Remote Method. This collection is sent along with other method Arguments from client to server, and is transmitted back, along with the Return Values and output Arguments, from the server to the client. For more information, see [MS-NRTP] section 1.3.
class: (1) A Remoting Type that encapsulates a set of named values and a set of methods that operate on those values. The named values are called Members of the Class. A Class is part of the Remoting Data Model. For more information, see [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1.
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(2) See System.Object.
Class Metadata: Information about a Class that includes the Class name, its Library name, and the names and Remoting Types of its Members.
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): A high-precision atomic time standard that approximately tracks Universal Time (UT). It is the basis for legal, civil time all over the Earth. Time zones around the world are expressed as positive and negative offsets from UTC. In this role, it is also referred to as Zulu time (Z) and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). In these specifications, all references to UTC refer to the time at UTC-0 (or GMT).
data value: An instance of a Remoting Type, which may be a Class, Array, Enum, or Primitive. A Data Value is part of the Remoting Data Model. For more information, see [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1.
Enum: A Primitive type whose members are constrained to a set of values. The Primitive type is considered to be an underlying Remoting Type of the Enum. Each value has a name associated with it. An Enum is part of the Remoting Data Model, and an abbreviation for "enumeration." For more information, see [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1.
Exception: A Class that indicates an error in the execution of a Remote Method. It is sent as part of the return message from a server to a client. An Exception contains a human-readable message that indicates what the error is, and can also have additional data to identify the error. An Exception is part of the Remoting Data Model. For more information, see [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1.
Generic Argument: A formal argument used in a Generic Type or a Generic Remote Method to represent a parameterized Remoting Type. Generic Arguments can be referenced in the Class or the method as opaque Remoting Types. They are replaced by the actual types when the Class or the method is used. For more information, see Generic Type and Methods in [ECMA-335].
Generic Remote Method: A Remote Method that is parameterized by one or more Remoting Types. The method caller must provide the actual Remoting Types (in addition to the Input Arguments). For more information, see [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1.
Generic Type: A Class, Server Type, or Server Interface that is parameterized by one or more Remoting Types. A Generic Type contains GenericArguments as a placeholder for the parameterized Remoting Types. A Generic Type cannot have any instances. For more information, see Generic Types and Methods in [ECMA-335].
Input Argument: A named Data Value that is passed as part of a Remote Method invocation from the client to the server. For more information, see Remote Method in the Abstract Data Model (section 3.1.1).
Library: Part of the Remoting Data Model. A Library is a named unit that contains a collection of Remoting Types. For more information, see Library in [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1.
little-endian: Multiple-byte values that are byte-ordered with the least significant byte stored in the memory location with the lowest address.
local time zone: The time zone in which the computer running the implementation is configured.
logical call ID: An optional string value that identifies the logical thread of execution. This value is passed as part of the Call Context and can be used in implementation-specific local threading models on the server.
member: See Class.
message content: The serialized body of a message.
Message Properties: A collection of implementation-specific, name-value pairs that are transmitted as part of a Remote Method invocation. Message Properties are used to exchange implementation-specific data between clients and servers.
method signature: A list of the remoting types of the arguments of a remote method.
Null Object: Part of the Remoting Data Model. Null Object is a special value that can be used in place of an instance of a Class, Array, or String. It indicates that no instance is being specified. For more information, see [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1.
object graph: In object-oriented programming, groups of interrelated objects that form a network through often complex relationships with each other are known as an object graph. In an object graph, objects can be linked to each other by a specific object, by owning or containing another object, or by holding a reference to another object. Such an abstract structure can be used to represent the state of an application.
Output Argument: A named Data Value that is returned as part of the results of a Remote Method invocation. For more information, see Remote Method in Abstract Data Model (section 3.1.1).
Primitive Type: Part of the Remoting Data Model. Primitive Types are predefined Remoting Types such as Byte, Int16, Int32, Int64, and so on. For more information, see [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1
Primitive Value: Part of the Remoting Data Model. A Primitive Value is an instance of a Primitive Type.
record: A variable-length sequence of bytes with a predefined structure.
Remote Method: Part of the Remoting Data Model. A Remote Method is a remotely callable operation. A Remote Method can either be One-Way or Two-Way. In the case of a One-Way Method, there is no reply from the implementation. For more information, see [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1
Remoting Data Model: A model that is used to represent higher-layer–defined data structures and values, and to represent a Remote Method invocation and the Return Value or error information from that invocation. A protocol, such as [MS-NRLS], that is built on top of this protocol can be defined by using the Remoting Data Model, and can be agnostic to the serialization format. For more information, see Abstract Data Model (section 3.1.1).
Remoting Type: Part of the Remoting Data Model. Class, Array, Enum, and Primitive are different kinds of Remoting Types. All Remoting Types are identified by a name that is case sensitive. For more information, see [MS-NRTP] section 3.1.1
Return Value: A Data Value that is returned as part of the results of a Remote Method invocation. For more information, see Remote Method in Abstract Data Model (section 3.1.1).
serialization: A mechanism by which an application converts an object into an XML representation.
Serialization Format: The structure of the serialized message content, which can be either binary or SOAP. Binary serialization format is specified in [MS-NRBF]. SOAP serialization format is specified in [MS-NRTP].
Serialization Stream: An octet stream that contains a sequence of records defined in this document.
serialize: The process of taking an in-memory data structure, flat or otherwise, and turning it into a flat stream of bytes. See also marshal.
Server Type: Part of the Remoting Data Model. A Server Type contains Remote Methods.
System Library: A specially designated library that can be used to reduce the wire size for commonly used data types. The name of the library is agreed to by both the server and the client.
System.Object: Part of the Remoting Data Model. System.Object is a Class that has no Members. A Class that does not extend another Class is considered to extend System.Object.
Ultimate Array Item Type: The Item Type of the innermost Array in a recursive construction of Array of Arrays. For instance, an "Array of TypeA" has an Ultimate Array Item Type of TypeA. An "Array of Array of TypeA" also has an Ultimate Array Item Type of TypeA, as does an "Array of Array of Array of TypeA".
Unicode: A character encoding standard developed by the Unicode Consortium that represents almost all of the written languages of the world. The Unicode standard [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] provides three forms (UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32) and seven schemes (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16 BE, UTF-16 LE, UTF-32, UTF-32 LE, and UTF-32 BE).
UTF-8: A byte-oriented standard for encoding Unicode characters, defined in the Unicode standard. Unless specified otherwise, this term refers to the UTF-8 encoding form specified in [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] section 3.9.
MAY, SHOULD, MUST, SHOULD NOT, MUST NOT: These terms (in all caps) are used as defined in [RFC2119]. All statements of optional behavior use either MAY, SHOULD, or SHOULD NOT.