Task Constructors

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

public:
 Task(Action ^ action);

public Task (Action action);

new System.Threading.Tasks.Task : Action -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Sub New (action As Action)

Parameters

Exceptions

Examples

The following example uses the Task(Action) constructor to create tasks that retrieve the filenames in specified directories. All tasks write the file names to a single ConcurrentBag<T> object. The example then calls the WaitAll(Task[]) method to ensure that all tasks have completed, and then displays a count of the total number of file names written to the ConcurrentBag<T> object.

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static async Task Main()
   {
      var list = new ConcurrentBag<string>();
      string[] dirNames = { ".", ".." };
      List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
      foreach (var dirName in dirNames) {
         Task t = new Task( () => { foreach(var path in Directory.GetFiles(dirName))
                                    list.Add(path); }  );
         tasks.Add(t);
         t.Start();
      }
      await Task.WhenAll(tasks.ToArray());
      foreach (Task t in tasks)
         Console.WriteLine("Task {0} Status: {1}", t.Id, t.Status);
         
      Console.WriteLine("Number of files read: {0}", list.Count);
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//       Task 1 Status: RanToCompletion
//       Task 2 Status: RanToCompletion
//       Number of files read: 23

open System.Collections.Concurrent
open System.IO
open System.Threading.Tasks

let main =
    task {
        let list = ConcurrentBag<string>()
        let dirNames = [ "."; ".." ]
        let tasks = ResizeArray()

        for dirName in dirNames do
            let t =
                new Task(fun () ->
                    for path in Directory.GetFiles dirName do
                        list.Add path)

            tasks.Add t
            t.Start()

        do! tasks.ToArray() |> Task.WhenAll

        for t in tasks do
            printfn $"Task {t.Id} Status: {t.Status}"

        printfn $"Number of files read: {list.Count}"
    }

// The example displays output like the following:
//       Task 1 Status: RanToCompletion
//       Task 2 Status: RanToCompletion
//       Number of files read: 23

Imports System.Collections.Concurrent
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim list As New ConcurrentBag(Of String)()
      Dim dirNames() As String = { ".", ".." }
      Dim tasks As New List(Of Task)()
      For Each dirName In dirNames 
         Dim t As New Task( Sub()
                               For Each path In Directory.GetFiles(dirName)
                                  list.Add(path)
                               Next
                            End Sub  )
         tasks.Add(t)
         t.Start()
      Next
      Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray())
      For Each t In tasks
         Console.WriteLine("Task {0} Status: {1}", t.Id, t.Status)
      Next   
      Console.WriteLine("Number of files read: {0}", list.Count)
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'       Task 1 Status: RanToCompletion
'       Task 2 Status: RanToCompletion
'       Number of files read: 23

The following example is identical, except that it used the Run(Action) method to instantiate and run the task in a single operation. The method returns the Task object that represents the task.

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      var list = new ConcurrentBag<string>();
      string[] dirNames = { ".", ".." };
      List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
      foreach (var dirName in dirNames) {
         Task t = Task.Run( () => { foreach(var path in Directory.GetFiles(dirName)) 
                                       list.Add(path); }  );
         tasks.Add(t);
      }
      Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
      foreach (Task t in tasks)
         Console.WriteLine("Task {0} Status: {1}", t.Id, t.Status);
         
      Console.WriteLine("Number of files read: {0}", list.Count);
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//       Task 1 Status: RanToCompletion
//       Task 2 Status: RanToCompletion
//       Number of files read: 23

open System.Collections.Concurrent
open System.IO
open System.Threading.Tasks

let list = ConcurrentBag<string>()
let dirNames = [ "."; ".." ]
let tasks = ResizeArray()

for dirName in dirNames do
    let t =
        Task.Run(fun () ->
            for path in Directory.GetFiles dirName do
                list.Add path)

    tasks.Add t

tasks.ToArray() |> Task.WaitAll

for t in tasks do
    printfn $"Task {t.Id} Status: {t.Status}"

printfn $"Number of files read: {list.Count}"

// The example displays output like the following:
//       Task 1 Status: RanToCompletion
//       Task 2 Status: RanToCompletion
//       Number of files read: 23

Imports System.Collections.Concurrent
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim list As New ConcurrentBag(Of String)()
      Dim dirNames() As String = { ".", ".." }
      Dim tasks As New List(Of Task)()
      For Each dirName In dirNames 
         Dim t As Task = Task.Run( Sub()
                                      For Each path In Directory.GetFiles(dirName) 
                                         list.Add(path)
                                      Next
                                   End Sub  )
         tasks.Add(t)
      Next
      Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray())
      For Each t In tasks
         Console.WriteLine("Task {0} Status: {1}", t.Id, t.Status)
      Next   
      Console.WriteLine("Number of files read: {0}", list.Count)
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'       Task 1 Status: RanToCompletion
'       Task 2 Status: RanToCompletion
'       Number of files read: 23

Remarks

This constructor should only be used in advanced scenarios where it is required that the creation and starting of the task is separated.

Rather than calling this constructor, the most common way to instantiate a Task object and launch a task is by calling the static Task.Run(Action) or TaskFactory.StartNew(Action) method.

If a task with no action is needed just for the consumer of an API to have something to await, a TaskCompletionSource<TResult> should be used.

See also

• Run(Action)

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

public:
 Task(Action ^ action, System::Threading::CancellationToken cancellationToken);

public Task (Action action, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken);

new System.Threading.Tasks.Task : Action * System.Threading.CancellationToken -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Sub New (action As Action, cancellationToken As CancellationToken)

Parameters

Exceptions

Examples

The following example calls the Task(Action, CancellationToken) constructor to create a task that iterates the files in the C:\Windows\System32 directory. The lambda expression calls the Parallel.ForEach method to add information about each file to a List<T> object. Each detached nested task invoked by the Parallel.ForEach loop checks the state of the cancellation token and, if cancellation is requested, calls the CancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested method. The CancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested method throws an OperationCanceledException exception that is handled in a catch block when the calling thread calls the Task.Wait method. The Start method is then called to start the task.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static async Task Main()
   {
      var tokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
      var token = tokenSource.Token;
      var files = new List<Tuple<string, string, long, DateTime>>();
      
      var t = new Task(() => { string dir = "C:\\Windows\\System32\\";
                               object obj = new Object();
                               if (Directory.Exists(dir)) {
                                  Parallel.ForEach(Directory.GetFiles(dir),
                                  f => {
                                          if (token.IsCancellationRequested)
                                             token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                                          var fi = new FileInfo(f);
                                          lock(obj) {
                                             files.Add(Tuple.Create(fi.Name, fi.DirectoryName, fi.Length, fi.LastWriteTimeUtc));          
                                          }
                                     });
                                }
                              } , token);
      t.Start();
      tokenSource.Cancel();
      try {
         await t; 
         Console.WriteLine("Retrieved information for {0} files.", files.Count);
      }
      catch (AggregateException e) {
         Console.WriteLine("Exception messages:");
         foreach (var ie in e.InnerExceptions)
            Console.WriteLine("   {0}: {1}", ie.GetType().Name, ie.Message);

         Console.WriteLine("\nTask status: {0}", t.Status);       
      }
      finally {
         tokenSource.Dispose();
      }
   }
}
// The example displays the following output:
//       Exception messages:
//          TaskCanceledException: A task was canceled.
//       
//       Task status: Canceled

open System
open System.IO
open System.Threading
open System.Threading.Tasks

let main =
    task {
        use tokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource()
        let token = tokenSource.Token
        let files = ResizeArray()

        let t =
            new Task(
                (fun () ->
                    let dir = @"C:\Windows\System32\"
                    let obj = obj ()

                    if Directory.Exists dir then
                        Parallel.ForEach(
                            Directory.GetFiles dir,
                            fun f ->
                                if token.IsCancellationRequested then
                                    token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested()

                                let fi = FileInfo f
                                lock obj (fun () -> files.Add(fi.Name, fi.DirectoryName, fi.Length, fi.LastWriteTimeUtc))
                        )
                        |> ignore),
                token
            )

        t.Start()
        tokenSource.Cancel()

        try
            do! t
            printfn $"Retrieved information for {files.Count} files."

        with :? AggregateException as e ->
            printfn "Exception messages:"

            for ie in e.InnerExceptions do
                printfn $"   {ie.GetType().Name}: {ie.Message}"

            printfn $"Task status: {t.Status}"
    }

main.Wait()

// The example displays the following output:
//       Exception messages:
//          TaskCanceledException: A task was canceled.
//
//       Task status: Canceled

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim tokenSource As New CancellationTokenSource()
      Dim token As CancellationToken = tokenSource.Token
      Dim files As New List(Of Tuple(Of String, String, Long, Date))()
      Dim t As New Task(Sub()
                           Dim dir As String = "C:\Windows\System32\"
                           Dim obj As New Object()
                           If Directory.Exists(dir)Then
                              Parallel.ForEach(Directory.GetFiles(dir), 
                                 Sub(f)
                                    If token.IsCancellationRequested Then
                                       token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested()
                                    End If  
                                    Dim fi As New FileInfo(f)
                                    SyncLock(obj)
                                       files.Add(Tuple.Create(fi.Name, fi.DirectoryName, fi.Length, fi.LastWriteTimeUtc))          
                                    End SyncLock
                                 End Sub)
                           End If
                        End Sub, token)
      t.Start()
      tokenSource.Cancel()
      Try
         t.Wait() 
         Console.WriteLine("Retrieved information for {0} files.", files.Count)
      Catch e As AggregateException
         Console.WriteLine("Exception messages:")
         For Each ie As Exception In e.InnerExceptions
            Console.WriteLine("   {0}:{1}", ie.GetType().Name, ie.Message)
         Next
         Console.WriteLine()
         Console.WriteLine("Task status: {0}", t.Status)       
      Finally
         tokenSource.Dispose()
      End Try
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
'       Exception messages:
'          TaskCanceledException: A task was canceled.
'       
'       Task status: Canceled

Remarks

Rather than calling this constructor, the most common way to instantiate a Task object and launch a task is by calling the static Task.Run(Action, CancellationToken) and TaskFactory.StartNew(Action, CancellationToken) methods. The only advantage offered by this constructor is that it allows object instantiation to be separated from task invocation.

For more information, see Task Parallelism (Task Parallel Library) and Cancellation in Managed Threads.

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

public:
 Task(Action ^ action, System::Threading::Tasks::TaskCreationOptions creationOptions);

public Task (Action action, System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions creationOptions);

new System.Threading.Tasks.Task : Action * System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Sub New (action As Action, creationOptions As TaskCreationOptions)

Parameters

Exceptions

Remarks

Rather than calling this constructor, the most common way to instantiate a Task object and launch a task is by calling the static TaskFactory.StartNew(Action, TaskCreationOptions) method. The only advantage offered by this constructor is that it allows object instantiation to be separated from task invocation.

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

public:
 Task(Action<System::Object ^> ^ action, System::Object ^ state);

public Task (Action<object> action, object state);

public Task (Action<object?> action, object? state);

new System.Threading.Tasks.Task : Action<obj> * obj -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Sub New (action As Action(Of Object), state As Object)

Parameters

Exceptions

Examples

The following example defines an array of 6-letter words. Each word is then passed as an argument to the Task(Action<Object>, Object) constructor, whose Action<T> delegate scrambles the characters in the word, then displays the original word and its scrambled version.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class Example
{
   public static async Task Main()
   {
      var tasks = new List<Task>();
      Random rnd = new Random();
      Object lockObj = new Object();
      String[] words6 = { "reason", "editor", "rioter", "rental",
                          "senior", "regain", "ordain", "rained" };

      foreach (var word6 in words6) {
         Task t = new Task( (word) => { Char[] chars = word.ToString().ToCharArray();
                                        double[] order = new double[chars.Length];
                                        lock (lockObj) {
                                           for (int ctr = 0; ctr < order.Length; ctr++)
                                              order[ctr] = rnd.NextDouble();
                                           }
                                        Array.Sort(order, chars);
                                        Console.WriteLine("{0} --> {1}", word,
                                                          new String(chars));
                                      }, word6);
         t.Start();
         tasks.Add(t);
      }
      await Task.WhenAll(tasks.ToArray());
   }
}
// The example displays output like the following:
//    regain --> irnaeg
//    ordain --> rioadn
//    reason --> soearn
//    rained --> rinade
//    rioter --> itrore
//    senior --> norise
//    rental --> atnerl
//    editor --> oteird

open System
open System.Threading.Tasks

let main =
    task {
        let tasks = ResizeArray()
        let rnd = Random()
        let lockObj = obj ()

        let words6 =
            [ "reason"
              "editor"
              "rioter"
              "rental"
              "senior"
              "regain"
              "ordain"
              "rained" ]

        for word6 in words6 do
            let t =
                new Task(
                    (fun word ->
                        let chars = (string word).ToCharArray()
                        let order = Array.zeroCreate<double> chars.Length

                        lock lockObj (fun () ->
                            for i = 0 to order.Length - 1 do
                                order[i] <- rnd.NextDouble())

                        Array.Sort(order, chars)
                        printfn $"{word} --> {new String(chars)}"),
                    word6
                )

            t.Start()
            tasks.Add t

        do! tasks.ToArray() |> Task.WhenAll
    }

main.Wait()

// The example displays output like the following:
//    regain --> irnaeg
//    ordain --> rioadn
//    reason --> soearn
//    rained --> rinade
//    rioter --> itrore
//    senior --> norise
//    rental --> atnerl
//    editor --> oteird

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Threading.Tasks

Module Example
   Public Sub Main()
      Dim tasks As New List(Of Task)()
      Dim rnd As New Random()
      Dim lockObj As New Object()
      Dim words6() As String = { "reason", "editor", "rioter", "rental",
                                 "senior", "regain", "ordain", "rained" }

      For Each word6 in words6
         Dim t As New Task( Sub(word)
                               Dim chars() As Char = word.ToString().ToCharArray()
                               Dim order(chars.Length - 1) As Double
                               SyncLock lockObj
                                  For ctr As Integer = 0 To order.Length - 1
                                     order(ctr) = rnd.NextDouble()
                                  Next
                               End SyncLock
                               Array.Sort(order, chars)
                               Console.WriteLine("{0} --> {1}", word,
                                                 New String(chars))
                            End Sub, word6)
         t.Start()
         tasks.Add(t)
      Next
      Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray())
   End Sub
End Module
' The example displays output like the following:
'       regain --> irnaeg
'       ordain --> rioadn
'       reason --> soearn
'       rained --> rinade
'       rioter --> itrore
'       senior --> norise
'       rental --> atnerl
'       editor --> oteird

Remarks

Rather than calling this constructor, the most common way to instantiate a Task object and launch a task is by calling the static TaskFactory.StartNew(Action<Object>, Object) method. The only advantage offered by this constructor is that it allows object instantiation to be separated from task invocation.

See also

• StartNew(Action<Object>, Object)

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

public:
 Task(Action ^ action, System::Threading::CancellationToken cancellationToken, System::Threading::Tasks::TaskCreationOptions creationOptions);

public Task (Action action, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken, System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions creationOptions);

new System.Threading.Tasks.Task : Action * System.Threading.CancellationToken * System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Sub New (action As Action, cancellationToken As CancellationToken, creationOptions As TaskCreationOptions)

Parameters

Exceptions

Remarks

Rather than calling this constructor, the most common way to instantiate a Task object and launch a task is by calling the static TaskFactory.StartNew(Action, CancellationToken, TaskCreationOptions, TaskScheduler) method. The only advantage offered by this constructor is that it allows object instantiation to be separated from task invocation.

For more information, see Task Parallelism (Task Parallel Library) and Task Cancellation.

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

public:
 Task(Action<System::Object ^> ^ action, System::Object ^ state, System::Threading::CancellationToken cancellationToken);

public Task (Action<object> action, object state, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken);

public Task (Action<object?> action, object? state, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken);

new System.Threading.Tasks.Task : Action<obj> * obj * System.Threading.CancellationToken -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Sub New (action As Action(Of Object), state As Object, cancellationToken As CancellationToken)

Parameters

Exceptions

Remarks

Rather than calling this constructor, the most common way to instantiate a Task object and launch a task is by calling the static TaskFactory.StartNew(Action<Object>, Object, CancellationToken) method. The only advantage offered by this constructor is that it allows object instantiation to be separated from task invocation.

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

public:
 Task(Action<System::Object ^> ^ action, System::Object ^ state, System::Threading::Tasks::TaskCreationOptions creationOptions);

public Task (Action<object> action, object state, System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions creationOptions);

public Task (Action<object?> action, object? state, System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions creationOptions);

new System.Threading.Tasks.Task : Action<obj> * obj * System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Sub New (action As Action(Of Object), state As Object, creationOptions As TaskCreationOptions)

Parameters

Exceptions

Remarks

Rather than calling this constructor, the most common way to instantiate a Task object and launch a task is by calling the static TaskFactory.StartNew(Action<Object>, Object, TaskCreationOptions) method. The only advantage offered by this constructor is that it allows object instantiation to be separated from task invocation.

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

Source:

Task.cs

public:
 Task(Action<System::Object ^> ^ action, System::Object ^ state, System::Threading::CancellationToken cancellationToken, System::Threading::Tasks::TaskCreationOptions creationOptions);

public Task (Action<object> action, object state, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken, System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions creationOptions);

public Task (Action<object?> action, object? state, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken, System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions creationOptions);

new System.Threading.Tasks.Task : Action<obj> * obj * System.Threading.CancellationToken * System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCreationOptions -> System.Threading.Tasks.Task

Public Sub New (action As Action(Of Object), state As Object, cancellationToken As CancellationToken, creationOptions As TaskCreationOptions)

Parameters

Exceptions

Remarks

Rather than calling this constructor, the most common way to instantiate a Task object and launch a task is by calling the static TaskFactory.StartNew(Action<Object>, Object, CancellationToken, TaskCreationOptions, TaskScheduler) method. The only advantage offered by this constructor is that it allows object instantiation to be separated from task invocation.