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_spawnle, _wspawnle

Creates and executes a new process.

intptr_t _spawnle(
   int mode,
   const char *cmdname,
   const char *arg0,
   const char *arg1,
   ... const char *argn,
   NULL,
   const char *const *envp 
);
intptr_t _wspawnle(
   int mode,
   const wchar_t *cmdname,
   const wchar_t *arg0,
   const wchar_t *arg1,
   ... const wchar_t *argn,
   NULL,
   const wchar_t *const *envp 
);

Parameters

  • mode
    Execution mode for the calling process.

  • cmdname
    Path of the file to be executed.

  • arg0, arg1, ... argn
    List of pointers to arguments. The arg0 argument is usually a pointer to cmdname. The arguments arg1 through argn are pointers to the character strings forming the new argument list. Following argn, there must be a NULL pointer to mark the end of the argument list.

  • envp
    Array of pointers to environment settings.

Return Value

The return value from a synchronous _spawnle or _wspawnle (_P_WAIT specified for mode) is the exit status of the new process. The return value from an asynchronous _spawnle or _wspawnle (_P_NOWAIT or _P_NOWAITO specified for mode) is the process handle. The exit status is 0 if the process terminated normally. You can set the exit status to a nonzero value if the spawned process specifically calls the exit routine with a nonzero argument. If the new process did not explicitly set a positive exit status, a positive exit status indicates an abnormal exit with an abort or an interrupt. A return value of –1 indicates an error (the new process is not started). In this case, errno is set to one of the following values.

  • E2BIG
    Argument list exceeds 1024 bytes.

  • EINVAL
    mode argument is invalid.

  • ENOENT
    File or path is not found.

  • ENOEXEC
    Specified file is not executable or has invalid executable-file format.

  • ENOMEM
    Not enough memory is available to execute the new process.

For more information about these and other return codes, see _doserrno, errno, _sys_errlist, and _sys_nerr.

Remarks

Each of these functions creates and executes a new process, passing each command-line argument as a separate parameter and also passing an array of pointers to environment settings.

These functions validate their parameters. If either cmdname or arg0 is an empty string or a null pointer, the invalid parameter handler is invoked, as described in Parameter Validation. If execution is allowed to continue, these functions set errno to EINVAL, and return -1. No new process is spawned.

Requirements

Routine

Required header

_spawnle

<process.h>

_wspawnle

<stdio.h> or <wchar.h>

For more compatibility information, see Compatibility in the Introduction.

Example

See the example in _spawn, _wspawn Functions.

.NET Framework Equivalent

See Also

Reference

Process and Environment Control

_spawn, _wspawn Functions

abort

atexit

_exec, _wexec Functions

exit, _exit

_flushall

_getmbcp

_onexit, _onexit_m

_setmbcp

system, _wsystem