Procedura: popolare insiemi di oggetti da più origini (LINQ)

In questo esempio viene illustrato come unire dati da origine diverse in una sequenza di nuovi tipi.

Per creare il file di dati

• Creare un nuovo progetto Visual C# o Visual Basic e copiare i file names.csv e scores.csv nella cartella contenente la cartella della soluzione, come descritto in Procedura: unire contenuto da file dissimili (LINQ).

Esempio

Nell'esempio seguente viene illustrato come utilizzare un tipo Student denominato per archiviare i dati uniti da due insiemi di stringhe in memoria che simulano i dati di un foglio di calcolo in formato CSV. Il primo insieme di stringhe rappresenta i nomi e gli ID degli studenti e il secondo insieme rappresenta l'ID studente (nella prima colonna) e i punteggi di quattro esami. L'ID viene utilizzato come chiave esterna.

Class Student
    Public FirstName As String
    Public LastName As String
    Public ID As Integer
    Public ExamScores As List(Of Integer)
End Class

Class PopulateCollection

    Shared Sub Main()

        ' Merge content from spreadsheets into a list of Student objects.

        ' These data files are defined in How to: Join Content from 
        ' Dissimilar Files (LINQ).

        ' Each line of names.csv consists of a last name, a first name, and an
        ' ID number, separated by commas. For example, Omelchenko,Svetlana,111
        Dim names As String() = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines("../../../names.csv")

        ' Each line of scores.csv consists of an ID number and four test 
        ' scores, separated by commas. For example, 111, 97, 92, 81, 60
        Dim scores As String() = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines("../../../scores.csv")

        ' The following query merges the content of two dissimilar spreadsheets 
        ' based on common ID values.
        ' Multiple From clauses are used instead of a Join clause
        ' in order to store the results of scoreLine.Split.
        ' Note the dynamic creation of a list of integers for the
        ' ExamScores member. We skip the first item in the split string 
        ' because it is the student ID, not an exam score.
        Dim queryNamesScores = From nameLine In names
                          Let splitName = nameLine.Split(New Char() {","})
                          From scoreLine In scores
                          Let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(New Char() {","})
                          Where splitName(2) = splitScoreLine(0)
                          Select New Student() With {
                               .FirstName = splitName(0), .LastName = splitName(1), .ID = splitName(2),
                               .ExamScores = (From scoreAsText In splitScoreLine Skip 1
                                             Select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText)).ToList()}

        ' Optional. Store the query results for faster access in future
        ' queries. This could be useful with very large data files.
        Dim students As List(Of Student) = queryNamesScores.ToList()

        ' Display each student's name and exam score average.
        For Each s In students
            Console.WriteLine("The average score of " & s.FirstName & " " &
                              s.LastName & " is " & s.ExamScores.Average())
        Next

        ' Keep console window open in debug mode.
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.")
        Console.ReadKey()
    End Sub
End Class

' Output: 
' The average score of Omelchenko Svetlana is 82.5
' The average score of O'Donnell Claire is 72.25
' The average score of Mortensen Sven is 84.5
' The average score of Garcia Cesar is 88.25
' The average score of Garcia Debra is 67
' The average score of Fakhouri Fadi is 92.25
' The average score of Feng Hanying is 88
' The average score of Garcia Hugo is 85.75
' The average score of Tucker Lance is 81.75
' The average score of Adams Terry is 85.25
' The average score of Zabokritski Eugene is 83
' The average score of Tucker Michael is 92

class Student
{
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public List<int> ExamScores { get; set; }
}

class PopulateCollection
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // These data files are defined in How to: Join Content from 
        // Dissimilar Files (LINQ).

        // Each line of names.csv consists of a last name, a first name, and an
        // ID number, separated by commas. For example, Omelchenko,Svetlana,111
        string[] names = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"../../../names.csv");

        // Each line of scores.csv consists of an ID number and four test 
        // scores, separated by commas. For example, 111, 97, 92, 81, 60
        string[] scores = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"../../../scores.csv");

        // Merge the data sources using a named type.
        // var could be used instead of an explicit type. Note the dynamic
        // creation of a list of ints for the ExamScores member. We skip 
        // the first item in the split string because it is the student ID, 
        // not an exam score.
        IEnumerable<Student> queryNamesScores =
            from nameLine in names
            let splitName = nameLine.Split(',')
            from scoreLine in scores
            let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(',')
            where splitName[2] == splitScoreLine[0]
            select new Student()
            {
                FirstName = splitName[0],
                LastName = splitName[1],
                ID = Convert.ToInt32(splitName[2]),
                ExamScores = (from scoreAsText in splitScoreLine.Skip(1)
                              select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText)).
                              ToList()
            };

        // Optional. Store the newly created student objects in memory
        // for faster access in future queries. This could be useful with
        // very large data files.
        List<Student> students = queryNamesScores.ToList();

        // Display each student's name and exam score average.
        foreach (var student in students)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("The average score of {0} {1} is {2}.",
                student.FirstName, student.LastName,
                student.ExamScores.Average());
        }

        //Keep console window open in debug mode
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}
/* Output: 
    The average score of Omelchenko Svetlana is 82.5.
    The average score of O'Donnell Claire is 72.25.
    The average score of Mortensen Sven is 84.5.
    The average score of Garcia Cesar is 88.25.
    The average score of Garcia Debra is 67.
    The average score of Fakhouri Fadi is 92.25.
    The average score of Feng Hanying is 88.
    The average score of Garcia Hugo is 85.75.
    The average score of Tucker Lance is 81.75.
    The average score of Adams Terry is 85.25.
    The average score of Zabokritski Eugene is 83.
    The average score of Tucker Michael is 92.
 */

Nella clausola select viene utilizzato un inizializzatore di oggetto per creare un'istanza di ogni nuovo oggetto Student utilizzando i dati dalle due origini.

Se non è necessario archiviare i risultati di una query, è più conveniente utilizzare i tipi anonimi anziché i tipi denominati. I tipi denominati sono necessari se i risultati della query vengono passati all'esterno del metodo in cui è stata eseguita la query. Nell'esempio seguente viene eseguita la stessa attività dell'esempio precedente, ma vengono utilizzati tipi anonimi anziché tipi denominati:

' Merge the data by using an anonymous type. 
' Note the dynamic creation of a list of integers for the
' ExamScores member. We skip 1 because the first string
' in the array is the student ID, not an exam score.
Dim queryNamesScores2 =
    From nameLine In names
    Let splitName = nameLine.Split(New Char() {","})
    From scoreLine In scores
    Let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(New Char() {","})
    Where splitName(2) = splitScoreLine(0)
    Select New With
           {.Last = splitName(0),
            .First = splitName(1),
            .ExamScores = (From scoreAsText In splitScoreLine Skip 1
                           Select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText)).ToList()}

' Display each student's name and exam score average.
For Each s In queryNamesScores2
    Console.WriteLine("The average score of " & s.First & " " &
                      s.Last & " is " & s.ExamScores.Average())
Next

// Merge the data sources by using an anonymous type.
// Note the dynamic creation of a list of ints for the
// ExamScores member. We skip 1 because the first string
// in the array is the student ID, not an exam score.
var queryNamesScores2 =
    from nameLine in names
    let splitName = nameLine.Split(',')
    from scoreLine in scores
    let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(',')
    where splitName[2] == splitScoreLine[0]
    select new
    {
        First = splitName[0],
        Last = splitName[1],
        ExamScores = (from scoreAsText in splitScoreLine.Skip(1)
                      select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText))
                      .ToList()
    };

// Display each student's name and exam score average.
foreach (var student in queryNamesScores2)
{
    Console.WriteLine("The average score of {0} {1} is {2}.",
        student.First, student.Last, student.ExamScores.Average());
}

Compilazione del codice

• Seguire le istruzioni riportate in Procedura: unire contenuto da file dissimili (LINQ) per configurare i file di origine.

• Creare un progetto di Visual Studio destinato a .NET Framework 3.5 o versioni successive. Per impostazione predefinita, il progetto include un riferimento a System.Core.dll e una direttiva using (C#) o un'istruzione Imports (Visual Basic) per lo spazio dei nomi System.Linq.

• Copiare questo codice nel progetto.

• Premere F5 per compilare ed eseguire il programma.

• Premere un tasto per chiudere la finestra della console.

Vedere anche

Riferimenti

Inizializzatori di oggetto e di insieme (Guida per programmatori C#)

Tipi anonimi (Guida per programmatori C#)

Concetti

LINQ e stringhe

Cronologia delle modifiche