逐步解說：建立未繫結的 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項

發行項
08/21/2008

更新：2007 年 11 月

您可能經常想要顯示並非來自資料庫的表格式資料。例如，您可能想要顯示二維陣列字串的內容。DataGridView 類別提供簡單且可高度自訂的方式來顯示資料，而不必繫結至資料來源。這個逐步解說會顯示如何填入 DataGridView 控制項，並在「未繫結」模式中管理資料列的加入和刪除。根據預設，使用者可以加入新的資料列。若要防止加入資料列，請將 AllowUserToAddRows 屬性設定為 false。

若要將此主題中的程式碼複製為一份清單，請參閱 HOW TO：建立未繫結的 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項。

建立表單

若要使用未繫結的 DataGridView 控制項

建立衍生自 Form 並包含下列變數宣告和 Main 方法的類別。

Imports System
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private buttonPanel As New Panel
    Private WithEvents songsDataGridView As New DataGridView
    Private WithEvents addNewRowButton As New Button
    Private WithEvents deleteRowButton As New Button


...



    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.EnableVisualStyles()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

End Class

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    private Panel buttonPanel = new Panel();
    private DataGridView songsDataGridView = new DataGridView();
    private Button addNewRowButton = new Button();
    private Button deleteRowButton = new Button();


...



    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }
}

在表單的類別定義中實作 SetupLayout 方法，以設定表單的配置。

Private Sub SetupLayout()

    Me.Size = New Size(600, 500)

    With addNewRowButton
        .Text = "Add Row"
        .Location = New Point(10, 10)
    End With

    With deleteRowButton
        .Text = "Delete Row"
        .Location = New Point(100, 10)
    End With

    With buttonPanel
        .Controls.Add(addNewRowButton)
        .Controls.Add(deleteRowButton)
        .Height = 50
        .Dock = DockStyle.Bottom
    End With

    Me.Controls.Add(Me.buttonPanel)

End Sub

private void SetupLayout()
{
    this.Size = new Size(600, 500);

    addNewRowButton.Text = "Add Row";
    addNewRowButton.Location = new Point(10, 10);
    addNewRowButton.Click += new EventHandler(addNewRowButton_Click);

    deleteRowButton.Text = "Delete Row";
    deleteRowButton.Location = new Point(100, 10);
    deleteRowButton.Click += new EventHandler(deleteRowButton_Click);

    buttonPanel.Controls.Add(addNewRowButton);
    buttonPanel.Controls.Add(deleteRowButton);
    buttonPanel.Height = 50;
    buttonPanel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom;

    this.Controls.Add(this.buttonPanel);
}

建立 SetupDataGridView 方法，以設定 DataGridView 資料行和屬性。

這個方法會先將 DataGridView 控制項加入表單的 Controls 集合。接著，要顯示的資料行數目會使用 ColumnCount 屬性來設定。資料行行首的預設樣式是經由 ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle 屬性所傳回的 DataGridViewCellStyle 的 BackColor、ForeColor 和 Font 屬性來設定。

配置和外觀屬性便會設定，然後也會指派資料行名稱。當這個方法結束時，DataGridView 控制項便已可供填入。

Private Sub SetupDataGridView()

    Me.Controls.Add(songsDataGridView)

    songsDataGridView.ColumnCount = 5
    With songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle
        .BackColor = Color.Navy
        .ForeColor = Color.White
        .Font = New Font(songsDataGridView.Font, FontStyle.Bold)
    End With

    With songsDataGridView
        .Name = "songsDataGridView"
        .Location = New Point(8, 8)
        .Size = New Size(500, 250)
        .AutoSizeRowsMode = _
            DataGridViewAutoSizeRowsMode.DisplayedCellsExceptHeaders
        .ColumnHeadersBorderStyle = DataGridViewHeaderBorderStyle.Single
        .CellBorderStyle = DataGridViewCellBorderStyle.Single
        .GridColor = Color.Black
        .RowHeadersVisible = False

        .Columns(0).Name = "Release Date"
        .Columns(1).Name = "Track"
        .Columns(2).Name = "Title"
        .Columns(3).Name = "Artist"
        .Columns(4).Name = "Album"
        .Columns(4).DefaultCellStyle.Font = _
            New Font(Me.songsDataGridView.DefaultCellStyle.Font, FontStyle.Italic)

        .SelectionMode = DataGridViewSelectionMode.FullRowSelect
        .MultiSelect = False
        .Dock = DockStyle.Fill
    End With

End Sub

private void SetupDataGridView()
{
    this.Controls.Add(songsDataGridView);

    songsDataGridView.ColumnCount = 5;

    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.BackColor = Color.Navy;
    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.ForeColor = Color.White;
    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersDefaultCellStyle.Font =
        new Font(songsDataGridView.Font, FontStyle.Bold);

    songsDataGridView.Name = "songsDataGridView";
    songsDataGridView.Location = new Point(8, 8);
    songsDataGridView.Size = new Size(500, 250);
    songsDataGridView.AutoSizeRowsMode =
        DataGridViewAutoSizeRowsMode.DisplayedCellsExceptHeaders;
    songsDataGridView.ColumnHeadersBorderStyle =
        DataGridViewHeaderBorderStyle.Single;
    songsDataGridView.CellBorderStyle = DataGridViewCellBorderStyle.Single;
    songsDataGridView.GridColor = Color.Black;
    songsDataGridView.RowHeadersVisible = false;

    songsDataGridView.Columns[0].Name = "Release Date";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[1].Name = "Track";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[2].Name = "Title";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[3].Name = "Artist";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[4].Name = "Album";
    songsDataGridView.Columns[4].DefaultCellStyle.Font =
        new Font(songsDataGridView.DefaultCellStyle.Font, FontStyle.Italic);

    songsDataGridView.SelectionMode =
        DataGridViewSelectionMode.FullRowSelect;
    songsDataGridView.MultiSelect = false;
    songsDataGridView.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

    songsDataGridView.CellFormatting += new
        DataGridViewCellFormattingEventHandler(
        songsDataGridView_CellFormatting);
}

建立 PopulateDataGridView 方法，將資料列加入 DataGridView 控制項。

每個資料列都代表一首歌以及關聯的資訊。

Private Sub PopulateDataGridView()

    Dim row0 As String() = {"11/22/1968", "29", "Revolution 9", _
        "Beatles", "The Beatles [White Album]"}
    Dim row1 As String() = {"1960", "6", "Fools Rush In", _
        "Frank Sinatra", "Nice 'N' Easy"}
    Dim row2 As String() = {"11/11/1971", "1", "One of These Days", _
        "Pink Floyd", "Meddle"}
    Dim row3 As String() = {"1988", "7", "Where Is My Mind?", _
        "Pixies", "Surfer Rosa"}
    Dim row4 As String() = {"5/1981", "9", "Can't Find My Mind", _
        "Cramps", "Psychedelic Jungle"}
    Dim row5 As String() = {"6/10/2003", "13", _
        "Scatterbrain. (As Dead As Leaves.)", _
        "Radiohead", "Hail to the Thief"}
    Dim row6 As String() = {"6/30/1992", "3", "Dress", "P J Harvey", "Dry"}

    With Me.songsDataGridView.Rows
        .Add(row0)
        .Add(row1)
        .Add(row2)
        .Add(row3)
        .Add(row4)
        .Add(row5)
        .Add(row6)
    End With

    With Me.songsDataGridView
        .Columns(0).DisplayIndex = 3
        .Columns(1).DisplayIndex = 4
        .Columns(2).DisplayIndex = 0
        .Columns(3).DisplayIndex = 1
        .Columns(4).DisplayIndex = 2
    End With

End Sub

private void PopulateDataGridView()
{

    string[] row0 = { "11/22/1968", "29", "Revolution 9", 
        "Beatles", "The Beatles [White Album]" };
    string[] row1 = { "1960", "6", "Fools Rush In", 
        "Frank Sinatra", "Nice 'N' Easy" };
    string[] row2 = { "11/11/1971", "1", "One of These Days", 
        "Pink Floyd", "Meddle" };
    string[] row3 = { "1988", "7", "Where Is My Mind?", 
        "Pixies", "Surfer Rosa" };
    string[] row4 = { "5/1981", "9", "Can't Find My Mind", 
        "Cramps", "Psychedelic Jungle" };
    string[] row5 = { "6/10/2003", "13", 
        "Scatterbrain. (As Dead As Leaves.)", 
        "Radiohead", "Hail to the Thief" };
    string[] row6 = { "6/30/1992", "3", "Dress", "P J Harvey", "Dry" };

    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row0);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row1);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row2);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row3);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row4);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row5);
    songsDataGridView.Rows.Add(row6);

    songsDataGridView.Columns[0].DisplayIndex = 3;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[1].DisplayIndex = 4;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[2].DisplayIndex = 0;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[3].DisplayIndex = 1;
    songsDataGridView.Columns[4].DisplayIndex = 2;
}

透過適當的公用程式方法，您可以附加事件處理常式。

您將處理 [加入] 和 [刪除] 按鈕的 Click 事件、表單的 Load 事件，以及 DataGridView 控制項的 CellFormatting 事件。

當引發 [加入] 按鈕的 Click 事件時，一個新的空資料列便會加入至 DataGridView。

當引發 [刪除] 按鈕的 Click 事件時，選取的資料列便會刪除，除非它是新資料錄的資料列 (可以讓使用者加入新資料列)。這個資料列一定是 DataGridView 控制項中的最後一個資料列。

當引發表單的 Load 事件時，便會呼叫 SetupLayout、SetupDataGridView 和 PopulateDataGridView 公用程式方法。

當引發 CellFormatting 事件時，Date 資料行中的每個儲存格都會格式化為完整日期，除非無法剖析儲存格的值。

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load

    SetupLayout()
    SetupDataGridView()
    PopulateDataGridView()

End Sub

Private Sub songsDataGridView_CellFormatting(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellFormattingEventArgs) _
    Handles songsDataGridView.CellFormatting

    If Me.songsDataGridView.Columns(e.ColumnIndex).Name = _
        "Release Date" Then

        If e IsNot Nothing Then
            If e.Value IsNot Nothing Then
                Try
                    e.Value = DateTime.Parse(e.Value.ToString()) _
                        .ToLongDateString()
                    e.FormattingApplied = True
                Catch ex As FormatException
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} is not a valid date.", e.Value.ToString())
                End Try
            End If
        End If

    End If

End Sub

Private Sub addNewRowButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles addNewRowButton.Click

    Me.songsDataGridView.Rows.Add()

End Sub

Private Sub deleteRowButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles deleteRowButton.Click

    If Me.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows.Count > 0 AndAlso _
        Not Me.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows(0).Index = _
        Me.songsDataGridView.Rows.Count - 1 Then

        Me.songsDataGridView.Rows.RemoveAt( _
            Me.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows(0).Index)

    End If

End Sub

public Form1()
{
    this.Load += new EventHandler(Form1_Load);
}

private void Form1_Load(System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    SetupLayout();
    SetupDataGridView();
    PopulateDataGridView();
}

private void songsDataGridView_CellFormatting(object sender,
    System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewCellFormattingEventArgs e)
{
    if (this.songsDataGridView.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Name == "Release Date")
    {
        if (e != null)
        {
            if (e.Value != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    e.Value = DateTime.Parse(e.Value.ToString())
                        .ToLongDateString();
                    e.FormattingApplied = true;
                }
                catch (FormatException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} is not a valid date.", e.Value.ToString());
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

private void addNewRowButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    this.songsDataGridView.Rows.Add();
}

private void deleteRowButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (this.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows.Count > 0 &&
        this.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows[0].Index !=
        this.songsDataGridView.Rows.Count - 1)
    {
        this.songsDataGridView.Rows.RemoveAt(
            this.songsDataGridView.SelectedRows[0].Index);
    }
}

測試應用程式

您現在可以測試表單以確定它的行為表現如預期般。

若要測試表單

請按 F5 以執行應用程式。

您會看到一個 DataGridView 控制項，顯示 PopulateDataGridView 中所列出的歌曲。您可以使用 [Add Row] 按鈕來加入新的資料列，並且使用 [Delete Row] 按鈕來刪除選取的資料列。未繫結的 DataGridView 控制項是資料存放區，而它的資料與任何外部來源 (例如 DataSet 或陣列) 無關。

後續步驟

這個應用程式提供對 DataGridView 控制項能力的基本認識。您可以用許多方式來自訂 DataGridView 控制項的外觀和行為：

變更框線和行首樣式。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：變更 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中的框線和格線樣式。
啟用或限制使用者對 DataGridView 控制項的輸入。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：防止在 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中新增和刪除資料列和 HOW TO：使 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中的資料行成為唯讀。
檢查使用者輸入中的資料庫相關錯誤。如需詳細資訊，請參閱逐步解說：處理 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中的資料輸入期間所發生的錯誤。
在處理大量資料時使用虛擬模式。如需詳細資訊，請參閱逐步解說：在 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中實作虛擬模式。
自訂儲存格的外觀。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：在 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項中自訂儲存格的外觀和 HOW TO：設定 Windows Form DataGridView 控制項的預設儲存格樣式。

請參閱

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