如何：在代码中模拟鼠标和键盘事件

项目
05/04/2023

Windows 窗体提供多个选项，用于以编程方式模拟鼠标和键盘输入。本主题将简要阐述这些选项。

模拟鼠标输入

模拟鼠标事件的最佳方法是调用 OnEventName 方法，引发要模拟的鼠标事件。此选项通常只在自定义控件和窗体内可用，因为引发事件的方法受到保护且只能在控件或窗体内访问。例如，以下步骤说明了如何在代码中模拟单击鼠标右键按钮的操作。

若要以编程方式单击鼠标右键按钮

创建 MouseEventArgs ，其 Button 属性设置为 MouseButtons.Right 值。
调用 OnMouseClick 方法，其中参数为此 MouseEventArgs 。

有关自定义控件的详细信息，请参阅设计时开发 Windows 窗体控件。

还可使用其他方法模拟鼠标输入。例如，可以编程方式设置表示状态（通常通过鼠标输入设置）的控件属性（如 Checked 控件的 CheckBox 属性），也可以直接调用连接到要模拟的事件的委托。

模拟键盘输入

除了可通过上面讨论的鼠标输入策略来模拟键盘输入，Windows 窗体还提供了 SendKeys 类，可将击键发送到活动的应用程序。

注意

如果你的应用程序旨在用于全球各种键盘，使用 SendKeys.Send 可能会产生不可预知的结果，应当避免。

注意

SendKeys 类已更新为 .NET Framework 3.0，从而可用于在 Windows Vista 上运行的应用程序。 Windows Vista 增强的安全性（称为用户帐户控件或 UAC）可避免以前的实现按预期运行。

SendKeys 类容易遭受某些开发人员不得不解决的计时问题。更新后的实现仍然容易遇到计时问题，但速度稍微快一些，并且可能需要更改解决方法。 SendKeys 类先尝试使用以前的实现，失败后再使用新的实现。因此， SendKeys 类在不同操作系统上的运行方式可能不同。此外，当 SendKeys 类使用新的实现时， SendWait 方法不会等到消息被处理后才将其发送至其他进程。

如果如论使用何种操作系统，你的应用程序均依赖于一致的行为，则可通过将以下应用程序设置添加至 app.config 文件强制执行 SendKeys 类以使用新的实现。

<appSettings>
 <add key="SendKeys" value="SendInput"/>
</appSettings>

若要强制执行 SendKeys 类以使用以前的实现，请改用 "JournalHook" 值。

若要将击键发送到相同的应用程序

调用 Send 类或 SendWait 类的 SendKeys 方法。指定的击键将由应用程序的活动控件接收。下面的代码示例使用 Send 模拟用户双击窗体表面时按 ENTER 键的操作。此示例假定 Form 具有一个选项卡索引为 0 的 Button 控件。

    // Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere
    // on the form.
private:
    void Form1_DoubleClick(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
    {
        // Send the enter key to the button, which triggers the click
        // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of
        // the button is 0.
        SendKeys::Send("{ENTER}");
    }

// Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere
// on the form.
private void Form1_DoubleClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click
    // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of
    // the button is 0.
    SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}");
}

' Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere 
' on the form.
Private Sub Form1_DoubleClick(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Me.DoubleClick

    ' Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click 
    ' event for the button. This works because the tab stop of 
    ' the button is 0.
    SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}")
End Sub

若要将击键发送到不同的应用程序

激活将接收击键的应用程序窗口，然后调用 Send 或 SendWait 方法。由于托管的方法均不会激活其他应用程序，所以必须使用本机 Windows 方法将焦点强制设置到其他应用程序上。下面的代码示例使用平台调用来调用 FindWindow 和 SetForegroundWindow 方法以激活计算器应用程序窗口，然后调用 SendWait 向计算器应用程序发出一系列计算。

注意

可查找计算器应用程序的 FindWindow 调用的正确参数因 Windows 版本而异。下面的代码查找 Windows 7 上的计算器应用程序。在 Windows Vista 上，将第一个参数更改为“SciCalc”。可使用 Spy++ 工具（Visual Studio 附带）确定正确的参数。

    // Get a handle to an application window.
public:
    [DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet::Unicode)]
    static IntPtr FindWindow(String^ lpClassName, String^ lpWindowName);
public:
    // Activate an application window.
    [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
    static bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

    // Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
private:
    void button1_Click(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
    {
        // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
        // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
        IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("CalcFrame", "Calculator");

        // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
        if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr::Zero)
        {
            MessageBox::Show("Calculator is not running.");
            return;
        }

        // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it
        // a set of calculations.
        SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
        SendKeys::SendWait("111");
        SendKeys::SendWait("*");
        SendKeys::SendWait("11");
        SendKeys::SendWait("=");
    }

// Get a handle to an application window.
[DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName,
    string lpWindowName);

// Activate an application window.
[DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

// Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
    // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
    IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("CalcFrame","Calculator");

    // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
    if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("Calculator is not running.");
        return;
    }

    // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it
    // a set of calculations.
    SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
    SendKeys.SendWait("111");
    SendKeys.SendWait("*");
    SendKeys.SendWait("11");
    SendKeys.SendWait("=");
}

' Get a handle to an application window.
Declare Auto Function FindWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" ( _
    ByVal lpClassName As String, _
    ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr

' Activate an application window.
Declare Auto Function SetForegroundWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" _
    (ByVal hWnd As IntPtr) As Boolean

' Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
Private Sub button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles button1.Click

    ' Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
    ' and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
    Dim calculatorHandle As IntPtr = FindWindow("CalcFrame", "Calculator")

    ' Verify that Calculator is a running process.
    If calculatorHandle = IntPtr.Zero Then
        MsgBox("Calculator is not running.")
        Return
    End If

    ' Make Calculator the foreground application and send it 
    ' a set of calculations.
    SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle)
    SendKeys.SendWait("111")
    SendKeys.SendWait("*")
    SendKeys.SendWait("11")
    SendKeys.SendWait("=")
End Sub

示例

以下代码示例显示上述代码示例的完整应用程序。

#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>
#using <System.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

namespace SimulateKeyPress
{

    public ref class Form1 : public Form
    {
    public:
        Form1()
        {
            Button^ button1 = gcnew Button();
            button1->Location = Point(10, 10);
            button1->TabIndex = 0;
            button1->Text = "Click to automate Calculator";
            button1->AutoSize = true;
            button1->Click += gcnew EventHandler(this, &Form1::button1_Click);

            this->DoubleClick += gcnew EventHandler(this, 
                &Form1::Form1_DoubleClick);
            this->Controls->Add(button1);
        }

        // Get a handle to an application window.
    public:
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet::Unicode)]
        static IntPtr FindWindow(String^ lpClassName, String^ lpWindowName);
    public:
        // Activate an application window.
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
        static bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

        // Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
    private:
        void button1_Click(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
        {
            // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
            // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
            IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("CalcFrame", "Calculator");

            // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
            if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr::Zero)
            {
                MessageBox::Show("Calculator is not running.");
                return;
            }

            // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it
            // a set of calculations.
            SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
            SendKeys::SendWait("111");
            SendKeys::SendWait("*");
            SendKeys::SendWait("11");
            SendKeys::SendWait("=");
        }

        // Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere
        // on the form.
    private:
        void Form1_DoubleClick(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
        {
            // Send the enter key to the button, which triggers the click
            // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of
            // the button is 0.
            SendKeys::Send("{ENTER}");
        }
    };
}

[STAThread]
int main()
{
    Application::EnableVisualStyles();
    Application::Run(gcnew SimulateKeyPress::Form1());
}

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace SimulateKeyPress
{
    class Form1 : Form
    {
        private Button button1 = new Button();

        [STAThread]
        public static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }

        public Form1()
        {
            button1.Location = new Point(10, 10);
            button1.TabIndex = 0;
            button1.Text = "Click to automate Calculator";
            button1.AutoSize = true;
            button1.Click += new EventHandler(button1_Click);

            this.DoubleClick += new EventHandler(Form1_DoubleClick);
            this.Controls.Add(button1);
        }

        // Get a handle to an application window.
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName,
            string lpWindowName);

        // Activate an application window.
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
        public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

        // Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
            // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
            IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("CalcFrame","Calculator");

            // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
            if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Calculator is not running.");
                return;
            }

            // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it
            // a set of calculations.
            SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
            SendKeys.SendWait("111");
            SendKeys.SendWait("*");
            SendKeys.SendWait("11");
            SendKeys.SendWait("=");
        }

        // Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere
        // on the form.
        private void Form1_DoubleClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click
            // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of
            // the button is 0.
            SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}");
        }
    }
}

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Namespace SimulateKeyPress

    Class Form1
        Inherits Form
        Private WithEvents button1 As New Button()

        <STAThread()> _
        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Application.EnableVisualStyles()
            Application.Run(New Form1())
        End Sub

        Public Sub New()
            button1.Location = New Point(10, 10)
            button1.TabIndex = 0
            button1.Text = "Click to automate Calculator"
            button1.AutoSize = True
            Me.Controls.Add(button1)
        End Sub

        ' Get a handle to an application window.
        Declare Auto Function FindWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" ( _
            ByVal lpClassName As String, _
            ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr

        ' Activate an application window.
        Declare Auto Function SetForegroundWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" _
            (ByVal hWnd As IntPtr) As Boolean

        ' Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
        Private Sub button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
            ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles button1.Click

            ' Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
            ' and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
            Dim calculatorHandle As IntPtr = FindWindow("CalcFrame", "Calculator")

            ' Verify that Calculator is a running process.
            If calculatorHandle = IntPtr.Zero Then
                MsgBox("Calculator is not running.")
                Return
            End If

            ' Make Calculator the foreground application and send it 
            ' a set of calculations.
            SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle)
            SendKeys.SendWait("111")
            SendKeys.SendWait("*")
            SendKeys.SendWait("11")
            SendKeys.SendWait("=")
        End Sub

        ' Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere 
        ' on the form.
        Private Sub Form1_DoubleClick(ByVal sender As Object, _
            ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Me.DoubleClick

            ' Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click 
            ' event for the button. This works because the tab stop of 
            ' the button is 0.
            SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}")
        End Sub

    End Class
End Namespace

编译代码

此示例需要：

对 System、System.Drawing 和 System.Windows.Forms 程序集的引用。

另请参阅

Windows 窗体中的用户输入

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