この記事の内容 : : 密結合アーキテクチャの短所 テストと依存関係の問題 依存関係の逆転 依存関係の注入

この記事は次のテクノロジを使用しています: .NET Framework

コードのダウンロード : : DependencyInjection2008_03.exe (5408 KB)
Browse the Code Online

 コンテンツ

内部依存関係の問題
依存関係の逆転
依存関係の注入
コンテナ
完全な IoC コンテナ
有効期間管理
依存関係の自動接続
結合を緩和して変更に対応する

 Figure 2 Invoice Service

public class InvoiceService {
  private readonly AuthorizationService authoriazationService;
  private readonly InvoiceValidator invoiceValidator;
  private readonly InvoiceRepository invoiceRepository;
 
  public InvoiceService() {
    authoriazationService = new AuthorizationService();
    invoiceValidator = new InvoiceValidator();
    invoiceRepository = new InvoiceRepository();
  }
 
  public ValidationResults Submit(Invoice invoice) {
    ValidationResults results;
    CheckPermissions(invoice, InvoiceAction.Submit);
    results = ValidateInvoice(invoice);
    SaveInvoice(invoice);
    return results;
  }
 
  private void CheckPermissions(Invoice invoice, InvoiceAction action) {
    if(authoriazationService.IsActionAllowed(invoice, action) == false) {
      throw new SecurityException(
        "Insufficient permissions to submit this invoice");
    }
  }
 
  private ValidationResults ValidateInvoice(Invoice invoice) {
    return invoiceValidator.Validate(invoice);
  }
 
  private void SaveInvoice(Invoice invoice) {
    invoiceRepository.Save(invoice);
  }
}

 Figure 3 Dependency Injection

[Test]
public void CanSubmitNewInvoice() {
  Invoice invoice = new Invoice();
  ValidationResults validationResults = new ValidationResults();
  IAuthorizationService authorizationService = 
    mockery.CreateMock<IAuthorizationService>();
  IInvoiceValidator invoiceValidator = 
    mockery.CreateMock<IInvoiceValidator>();
  IInvoiceRepository invoiceRepository = 
    mockery.CreateMock<IInvoiceRepository>();
 
  using(mockery.Record()) {
    Expect.Call(authorizationService.IsActionAllowed(
      invoice, InvoiceAction.Submit)).Return(true);

    Expect.Call(invoiceValidator.Validate(invoice))
      .Return(validationResults);
    invoiceRepository.Save(invoice);
  }
 
  using(mockery.Playback()) {
    IInvoiceService service = new InvoiceService(authorizationService, 
      invoiceValidator, invoiceRepository);
    service.Submit(invoice);
  }
}

 Figure 4 SimpleDependencyResolver

public class SimpleDependencyResolver : IDependencyResolver 
{
  private readonly Dictionary<Type, object> m_Types = 
    new Dictionary<Type, object>();
    
  public T Resolve<T>() {
    return (T)m_Types[typeof(T)];
  }

  public void Register<T>(object obj) {
    if(obj is T == false) {
      throw new InvalidOperationException(
        string.Format("The supplied instance does not implement {0}",
        typeof(T).FullName));
    }
    m_Types.Add(typeof(T), obj);            
  }
}

 Figure 5 Using the Decorator Pattern

public class AuditingInvoiceRepository : IInvoiceRepository {
  private readonly IInvoiceRepository invoiceRepository;
  private readonly IAuditWriter auditWriter;

  public AuditingInvoiceRepository(IInvoiceRepository invoiceRepository, 
    IAuditWriter auditWriter) {
    this.invoiceRepository = invoiceRepository;
    this.auditWriter = auditWriter;
  }

  public void Save(Invoice invoice) {
    auditWriter.WriteEntry("Invoice was written by a user.");
    invoiceRepository.Save(invoice);
  }
}