Accueil Library Formation Code Téléchargements Support Evénements Communautés Forums
1 sur 9 ont trouvé cela utile - Évaluez ce sujet

BackgroundWorker, classe

.NET Framework 2.0

Remarque : cette classe est nouvelle dans le .NET Framework version 2.0.

Exécute une opération sur un thread séparé.

Espace de noms : System.ComponentModel
Assembly : System (dans system.dll)

C#
C++
VB
Copier 
public class BackgroundWorker : Component
J#
Copier 
public class BackgroundWorker extends Component
JScript
Copier 
public class BackgroundWorker extends Component

La classe BackgroundWorker vous permet d'exécuter une opération sur un thread séparé, dédié. Les opérations longues comme les téléchargements et les transactions de base de données peuvent vous donner l'impression que votre interface utilisateur a cessé de répondre au cours de leur exécution. Si vous souhaitez une interface utilisateur réactive et êtes confronté à de longs délais associés à ce type d'opérations, la classe BackgroundWorker fournit une solution pratique.

Pour exécuter une longue opération en arrière-plan, créez un objet BackgroundWorker et écoutez les événements qui indiquent la progression de votre opération et lorsque celle-ci se termine. Vous pouvez créer BackgroundWorker par programme ou vous pouvez le faire glisser sur votre formulaire à partir de l'onglet Composants de la Boîte à outils. Si vous créez BackgroundWorker dans le Concepteur Windows Forms, il apparaît dans la barre d'état des composants, et ses propriétés sont affichées dans la fenêtre Propriétés.

Pour configurer une opération en arrière-plan, ajoutez un gestionnaire d'événements pour l'événement DoWork. Appelez votre longue opération dans ce gestionnaire d'événements. Pour démarrer l'opération, appelez RunWorkerAsync. Pour recevoir la notification des mises à jour de progression, traitez l'événement ProgressChanged. Pour recevoir une notification lorsque l'opération est terminée, gérez l'événement RunWorkerCompleted.

RemarqueRemarque

Veillez à ne pas manipuler d'objets interface utilisateur dans votre gestionnaire d'événements DoWork. À la place, communiquez à l'interface utilisateur via les événements ProgressChanged et RunWorkerCompleted.

Les événements BackgroundWorker ne sont pas marshalés au-delà des limites AppDomain. N'utilisez pas de composant BackgroundWorker pour exécuter des opérations multithreads dans plusieurs AppDomain.

Si votre opération en arrière-plan requiert un paramètre, appelez RunWorkerAsync avec votre paramètre. À l'intérieur du gestionnaire d'événements DoWork, vous pouvez extraire le paramètre de la propriété DoWorkEventArgs.Argument.

Pour plus d'informations sur BackgroundWorker, consultez Comment : exécuter une opération en arrière-plan.

RemarqueRemarque

L'attribut HostProtectionAttribute appliqué à cette classe a la valeur de propriété Resources suivante : SharedState. HostProtectionAttribute n'affecte pas les applications bureautiques (qui sont généralement démarrées en double-cliquant sur une icône, en tapant une commande ou en entrant une URL dans un navigateur). Pour plus d'informations, consultez la classe HostProtectionAttribute ou Attributs de programmation et de protection des hôtes SQL Server.

L'exemple de code suivant montre comment utiliser la classe BackgroundWorker pour exécuter une opération longue de façon asynchrone. L'opération calcule le nombre Fibonacci sélectionné, signale les mises à jour de progression au cours du calcul et autorise l'annulation d'un calcul en attente.

C#
C++
VB
Copier 
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace BackgroundWorkerExample
{	
    public class FibonacciForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {	
        private int numberToCompute = 0;
        private int highestPercentageReached = 0;

        private System.Windows.Forms.NumericUpDown numericUpDown1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button startAsyncButton;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button cancelAsyncButton;
        private System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar progressBar1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label resultLabel;
        private System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1;

        public FibonacciForm()
        {	
            InitializeComponent();

            InitializeBackgoundWorker();
        }

        // Set up the BackgroundWorker object by 
        // attaching event handlers. 
        private void InitializeBackgoundWorker()
        {
            backgroundWorker1.DoWork += 
                new DoWorkEventHandler(backgroundWorker1_DoWork);
            backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted += 
                new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(
            backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted);
            backgroundWorker1.ProgressChanged += 
                new ProgressChangedEventHandler(
            backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged);
        }
	
        private void startAsyncButton_Click(System.Object sender, 
            System.EventArgs e)
        {
            // Reset the text in the result label.
            resultLabel.Text = String.Empty;

            // Disable the UpDown control until 
            // the asynchronous operation is done.
            this.numericUpDown1.Enabled = false;

            // Disable the Start button until 
            // the asynchronous operation is done.
            this.startAsyncButton.Enabled = false;

            // Enable the Cancel button while 
            // the asynchronous operation runs.
            this.cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = true;

            // Get the value from the UpDown control.
            numberToCompute = (int)numericUpDown1.Value;

            // Reset the variable for percentage tracking.
            highestPercentageReached = 0;

            // Start the asynchronous operation.
            backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync(numberToCompute);
        }

        private void cancelAsyncButton_Click(System.Object sender, 
            System.EventArgs e)
        {   
            // Cancel the asynchronous operation.
            this.backgroundWorker1.CancelAsync();

            // Disable the Cancel button.
            cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = false;
        }

        // This event handler is where the actual,
        // potentially time-consuming work is done.
        private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, 
            DoWorkEventArgs e)
        {   
            // Get the BackgroundWorker that raised this event.
            BackgroundWorker worker = sender as BackgroundWorker;

            // Assign the result of the computation
            // to the Result property of the DoWorkEventArgs
            // object. This is will be available to the 
            // RunWorkerCompleted eventhandler.
            e.Result = ComputeFibonacci((int)e.Argument, worker, e);
        }

        // This event handler deals with the results of the
        // background operation.
        private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(
            object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            // First, handle the case where an exception was thrown.
            if (e.Error != null)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message);
            }
            else if (e.Cancelled)
            {
                // Next, handle the case where the user canceled 
                // the operation.
                // Note that due to a race condition in 
                // the DoWork event handler, the Cancelled
                // flag may not have been set, even though
                // CancelAsync was called.
                resultLabel.Text = "Canceled";
            }
            else
            {
                // Finally, handle the case where the operation 
                // succeeded.
                resultLabel.Text = e.Result.ToString();
            }

            // Enable the UpDown control.
            this.numericUpDown1.Enabled = true;

            // Enable the Start button.
            startAsyncButton.Enabled = true;

            // Disable the Cancel button.
            cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = false;
        }

        // This event handler updates the progress bar.
        private void backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(object sender,
            ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage;
        }

        // This is the method that does the actual work. For this
        // example, it computes a Fibonacci number and
        // reports progress as it does its work.
        long ComputeFibonacci(int n, BackgroundWorker worker, DoWorkEventArgs e)
        {
            // The parameter n must be >= 0 and <= 91.
            // Fib(n), with n > 91, overflows a long.
            if ((n < 0) || (n > 91))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(
                    "value must be >= 0 and <= 91", "n");
            }

            long result = 0;

            // Abort the operation if the user has canceled.
            // Note that a call to CancelAsync may have set 
            // CancellationPending to true just after the
            // last invocation of this method exits, so this 
            // code will not have the opportunity to set the 
            // DoWorkEventArgs.Cancel flag to true. This means
            // that RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs.Cancelled will
            // not be set to true in your RunWorkerCompleted
            // event handler. This is a race condition.

            if (worker.CancellationPending)
            {   
                e.Cancel = true;
            }
            else
            {   
                if (n < 2)
                {   
                    result = 1;
                }
                else
                {   
                    result = ComputeFibonacci(n - 1, worker, e) + 
                             ComputeFibonacci(n - 2, worker, e);
                }

                // Report progress as a percentage of the total task.
                int percentComplete = 
                    (int)((float)n / (float)numberToCompute * 100);
                if (percentComplete > highestPercentageReached)
                {
                    highestPercentageReached = percentComplete;
                    worker.ReportProgress(percentComplete);
                }
            }

            return result;
        }


		#region Windows Form Designer generated code
		
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.numericUpDown1 = new System.Windows.Forms.NumericUpDown();
            this.startAsyncButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.cancelAsyncButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.resultLabel = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.progressBar1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar();
            this.backgroundWorker1 = new System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker();
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.numericUpDown1)).BeginInit();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // numericUpDown1
            // 
            this.numericUpDown1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 16);
            this.numericUpDown1.Maximum = new System.Decimal(new int[] {
            91,
            0,
            0,
            0});
            this.numericUpDown1.Minimum = new System.Decimal(new int[] {
            1,
            0,
            0,
            0});
            this.numericUpDown1.Name = "numericUpDown1";
            this.numericUpDown1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 20);
            this.numericUpDown1.TabIndex = 0;
            this.numericUpDown1.Value = new System.Decimal(new int[] {
            1,
            0,
            0,
            0});
            // 
            // startAsyncButton
            // 
            this.startAsyncButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 72);
            this.startAsyncButton.Name = "startAsyncButton";
            this.startAsyncButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 23);
            this.startAsyncButton.TabIndex = 1;
            this.startAsyncButton.Text = "Start Async";
            this.startAsyncButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.startAsyncButton_Click);
            // 
            // cancelAsyncButton
            // 
            this.cancelAsyncButton.Enabled = false;
            this.cancelAsyncButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(153, 72);
            this.cancelAsyncButton.Name = "cancelAsyncButton";
            this.cancelAsyncButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(119, 23);
            this.cancelAsyncButton.TabIndex = 2;
            this.cancelAsyncButton.Text = "Cancel Async";
            this.cancelAsyncButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.cancelAsyncButton_Click);
            // 
            // resultLabel
            // 
            this.resultLabel.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D;
            this.resultLabel.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(112, 16);
            this.resultLabel.Name = "resultLabel";
            this.resultLabel.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(160, 23);
            this.resultLabel.TabIndex = 3;
            this.resultLabel.Text = "(no result)";
            this.resultLabel.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
            // 
            // progressBar1
            // 
            this.progressBar1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(18, 48);
            this.progressBar1.Name = "progressBar1";
            this.progressBar1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(256, 8);
            this.progressBar1.Step = 2;
            this.progressBar1.TabIndex = 4;
            // 
            // backgroundWorker1
            // 
            this.backgroundWorker1.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
            this.backgroundWorker1.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true;
            // 
            // FibonacciForm
            // 
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 118);
            this.Controls.Add(this.progressBar1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.resultLabel);
            this.Controls.Add(this.cancelAsyncButton);
            this.Controls.Add(this.startAsyncButton);
            this.Controls.Add(this.numericUpDown1);
            this.Name = "FibonacciForm";
            this.Text = "Fibonacci Calculator";
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.numericUpDown1)).EndInit();
            this.ResumeLayout(false);

        }
		#endregion

        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            Application.Run(new FibonacciForm());
        }
    }
}
J#
Copier 

import System.* ;
import System.Collections.* ;
import System.ComponentModel.* ;
import System.Drawing.* ;
import System.Threading.* ;
import System.Windows.Forms.* ;

public class FibonacciForm extends System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    private int numberToCompute = 0;
    private int highestPercentageReached = 0;

    private System.Windows.Forms.NumericUpDown numericUpDown1;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Button startAsyncButton;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Button cancelAsyncButton;
    private System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar progressBar1;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Label resultLabel;
    private System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1;

    public FibonacciForm()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        InitializeBackgoundWorker();
    } //FibonacciForm

    // Set up the BackgroundWorker object by 
    // attaching event handlers. 
    private void InitializeBackgoundWorker()
    {
        backgroundWorker1.add_DoWork(new DoWorkEventHandler(
            backgroundWorker1_DoWork));
        backgroundWorker1.add_RunWorkerCompleted(
            new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(
            backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted));
        backgroundWorker1.add_ProgressChanged(
            new ProgressChangedEventHandler(backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged));
    } //InitializeBackgoundWorker

    private void startAsyncButton_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // Reset the text in the result label.
        resultLabel.set_Text(String.Empty);

        // Disable the UpDown control until 
        // the asynchronous operation is done.
        this.numericUpDown1.set_Enabled(false);

        // Disable the Start button until 
        // the asynchronous operation is done.
        this.startAsyncButton.set_Enabled(false);

        // Enable the Cancel button while 
        // the asynchronous operation runs.
        this.cancelAsyncButton.set_Enabled(true);

        // Get the value from the UpDown control.
        numberToCompute = System.Convert.ToInt32((numericUpDown1.get_Value()));

        // Reset the variable for percentage tracking.
        highestPercentageReached = 0;

        // Start the asynchronous operation.
        backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync(System.Convert.ToString
            (numberToCompute));
    }
    
    private void cancelAsyncButton_Click(Object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {   
        // Cancel the asynchronous operation.
        this.backgroundWorker1.CancelAsync();

        // Disable the Cancel button.
        cancelAsyncButton.set_Enabled(false);
    }


    // This event handler is where the actual,
    // potentially time-consuming work is done.
    private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(Object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        // Get the BackgroundWorker that raised this event.
        BackgroundWorker worker = (BackgroundWorker)sender;

        // Assign the result of the computation
        // to the Result property of the DoWorkEventArgs
        // object. This is will be available to the 
        // RunWorkerCompleted eventhandler.
        e.set_Result(new Long(ComputeFibonacci(System.Convert.ToInt32
            (e.get_Argument()), worker, e)));
        //e.Result = ComputeFibonacci((int)e.Argument, worker, e); 
    } //backgroundWorker1_DoWork

    // This event handler deals with the results of the
    // background operation.
    private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(Object sender,
        RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
    {
        // First, handle the case where an exception was thrown.
        if (e.get_Error() != null) {
        
            MessageBox.Show(e.get_Error().get_Message());
        }
        else {
        
            if (e.get_Cancelled()) {
            
                // Next, handle the case where the user cancelled 
                // the operation.
                // Note that due to a race condition in 
                // the DoWork event handler, the Cancelled
                // flag may not have been set, even though
                // CancelAsync was called.
                resultLabel.set_Text("Cancelled");
            }
            else {
            
                // Finally, handle the case where the operation 
                // succeeded.
                resultLabel.set_Text(e.get_Result().ToString());
            }
        }

        // Enable the UpDown control.
        this.numericUpDown1.set_Enabled(true);

        // Enable the Start button.
        startAsyncButton.set_Enabled(true);

        // Disable the Cancel button.
        cancelAsyncButton.set_Enabled(false);
    } //backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted

    // This event handler updates the progress bar.
    private void backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(Object sender,
        ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        this.progressBar1.set_Value(e.get_ProgressPercentage());
    } //backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged

    // This is the method that does the actual work. For this
    // example, it computes a Fibonacci number and
    // reports progress as it does its work.
    long ComputeFibonacci(int n, BackgroundWorker worker, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        // The parameter n must be >= 0 and <= 91.
        // Fib(n), with n > 91, overflows a long.
        if (n < 0 || n > 91) {
            throw new ArgumentException("value must be >= 0 and <= 91", "n");
        }

        long result = 0;

        // Abort the operation if the user has cancelled.
        // Note that a call to CancelAsync may have set 
        // CancellationPending to true just after the
        // last invocation of this method exits, so this 
        // code will not have the opportunity to set the 
        // DoWorkEventArgs.Cancel flag to true. This means
        // that RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs.Cancelled will
        // not be set to true in your RunWorkerCompleted
        // event handler. This is a race condition.
        if (worker.get_CancellationPending()) {
        
            e.set_Cancel(true);
        }
        else {
        
            if (n < 2) {
            
                result = 1;
            }
            else {
            
                result = ComputeFibonacci(n - 1, worker, e) 
                    + ComputeFibonacci(n - 2, worker, e);
            }

            // Report progress as a percentage of the total task.
            int percentComplete=(int)((float)(n)/(float)(numberToCompute)* 100);

            if (percentComplete > highestPercentageReached) {            
                highestPercentageReached = percentComplete;
                worker.ReportProgress(percentComplete);
            }
        }

        return result;
    } 

    #region Windows Form Designer generated code
    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
        this.numericUpDown1 = new System.Windows.Forms.NumericUpDown();
        this.startAsyncButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
        this.cancelAsyncButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
        this.resultLabel = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
        this.progressBar1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar();
        this.backgroundWorker1 = new System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker();
        ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.numericUpDown1)).
            BeginInit();
        this.SuspendLayout();

        // 
        // numericUpDown1
        // 
        this.numericUpDown1.set_Location(new System.Drawing.Point(16, 16));
        this.numericUpDown1.set_Maximum(new System.Decimal(
            new int[] { 91, 0, 0, 0 }));
        this.numericUpDown1.set_Minimum(new System.Decimal(
            new int[] { 1, 0, 0, 0 }));
        this.numericUpDown1.set_Name("numericUpDown1");
        this.numericUpDown1.set_Size(new System.Drawing.Size(80, 20));
        this.numericUpDown1.set_TabIndex(0);
        this.numericUpDown1.set_Value(new System.Decimal(
            new int[] { 1, 0, 0, 0 }));

        // 
        // startAsyncButton
        // 
        this.startAsyncButton.set_Location(new System.Drawing.Point(16, 72));
        this.startAsyncButton.set_Name("startAsyncButton");
        this.startAsyncButton.set_Size(new System.Drawing.Size(120, 23));
        this.startAsyncButton.set_TabIndex(1);
        this.startAsyncButton.set_Text("Start Async");
        this.startAsyncButton.add_Click(
            new System.EventHandler(this.startAsyncButton_Click));

        // 
        // cancelAsyncButton
        // 
        this.cancelAsyncButton.set_Enabled(false);
        this.cancelAsyncButton.set_Location(new System.Drawing.Point(153, 72));
        this.cancelAsyncButton.set_Name("cancelAsyncButton");
        this.cancelAsyncButton.set_Size(new System.Drawing.Size(119, 23));
        this.cancelAsyncButton.set_TabIndex(2);
        this.cancelAsyncButton.set_Text("Cancel Async");
        this.cancelAsyncButton.add_Click(
            new System.EventHandler(this.cancelAsyncButton_Click));

        // 
        // resultLabel
        // 
        this.resultLabel.set_BorderStyle(System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.Fixed3D);
        this.resultLabel.set_Location(new System.Drawing.Point(112, 16));
        this.resultLabel.set_Name("resultLabel");
        this.resultLabel.set_Size(new System.Drawing.Size(160, 23));
        this.resultLabel.set_TabIndex(3);
        this.resultLabel.set_Text("(no result)");
        this.resultLabel.set_TextAlign(System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter);

        // 
        // progressBar1
        // 
        this.progressBar1.set_Location(new System.Drawing.Point(18, 48));
        this.progressBar1.set_Name("progressBar1");
        this.progressBar1.set_Size(new System.Drawing.Size(256, 8));
        this.progressBar1.set_Step(2);
        this.progressBar1.set_TabIndex(4);

        // 
        // backgroundWorker1
        // 
        this.backgroundWorker1.set_WorkerReportsProgress(true);
        this.backgroundWorker1.set_WorkerSupportsCancellation(true);

        // 
        // FibonacciForm
        // 
        this.set_ClientSize(new System.Drawing.Size(292, 118));
        this.get_Controls().Add(this.progressBar1);
        this.get_Controls().Add(this.resultLabel);
        this.get_Controls().Add(this.cancelAsyncButton);
        this.get_Controls().Add(this.startAsyncButton);
        this.get_Controls().Add(this.numericUpDown1);
        this.set_Name("FibonacciForm");
        this.set_Text("Fibonacci Calculator");
        ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.numericUpDown1)).
            EndInit();
        this.ResumeLayout(false);
    } //InitializeComponent
    #endregion

    /** @attribute STAThread()
     */
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Application.Run(new FibonacciForm());
    } //main
} //FibonacciForm
System.Object
   System.MarshalByRefObject
     System.ComponentModel.Component
      System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker
Les membres statiques publics (Shared en Visual Basic) de ce type sont thread-safe. Il n'est pas garanti que les membres d'instance soient thread-safe.

Windows 98, Windows 2000 SP4, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP Édition Media Center, Windows XP Professionnel Édition x64, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Starter Edition

Le .NET Framework ne prend pas en charge toutes les versions de chaque plate-forme. Pour obtenir la liste des versions prises en charge, consultez Configuration requise.

.NET Framework

Prise en charge dans : 2.0
Cela vous a-t-il été utile ?
(1500 caractères restants)

Ajouts de la communauté

AJOUTER
© 2013 Microsoft. Tous droits réservés.
|
Commentaires sur le site
© 2013 Microsoft. Tous droits réservés.