Iteradores (C# y Visual Basic)

static void Main()
{
    foreach (int number in EvenSequence(5, 18))
    {
        Console.Write(number.ToString() + " ");
    }
    // Output: 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
    Console.ReadKey();
}

public static System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<int>
    EvenSequence(int firstNumber, int lastNumber)
{
    // Yield even numbers in the range.
    for (int number = firstNumber; number <= lastNumber; number++)
    {
        if (number % 2 == 0)
        {
            yield return number;
        }
    }
}

static void Main()
{
    DaysOfTheWeek days = new DaysOfTheWeek();

    foreach (string day in days)
    {
        Console.Write(day + " ");
    }
    // Output: Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
    Console.ReadKey();
}

public class DaysOfTheWeek : IEnumerable
{
    private string[] days = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };

    public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
    {
        for (int index = 0; index < days.Length; index++)
        {
            // Yield each day of the week.
            yield return days[index];
        }
    }
}

static void Main()
{
    Zoo theZoo = new Zoo();

    theZoo.AddMammal("Whale");
    theZoo.AddMammal("Rhinoceros");
    theZoo.AddBird("Penguin");
    theZoo.AddBird("Warbler");

    foreach (string name in theZoo)
    {
        Console.Write(name + " ");
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
    // Output: Whale Rhinoceros Penguin Warbler

    foreach (string name in theZoo.Birds)
    {
        Console.Write(name + " ");
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
    // Output: Penguin Warbler

    foreach (string name in theZoo.Mammals)
    {
        Console.Write(name + " ");
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
    // Output: Whale Rhinoceros

    Console.ReadKey();
}

public class Zoo : IEnumerable
{
    // Private members.
    private List<Animal> animals = new List<Animal>();

    // Public methods.
    public void AddMammal(string name)
    {
        animals.Add(new Animal { Name = name, Type = Animal.TypeEnum.Mammal });
    }

    public void AddBird(string name)
    {
        animals.Add(new Animal { Name = name, Type = Animal.TypeEnum.Bird });
    }

    public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
    {
        foreach (Animal theAnimal in animals)
        {
            yield return theAnimal.Name;
        }
    }

    // Public members.
    public IEnumerable Mammals
    {
        get { return AnimalsForType(Animal.TypeEnum.Mammal); }
    }

    public IEnumerable Birds
    {
        get { return AnimalsForType(Animal.TypeEnum.Bird); }
    }

    // Private methods.
    private IEnumerable AnimalsForType(Animal.TypeEnum type)
    {
        foreach (Animal theAnimal in animals)
        {
            if (theAnimal.Type == type)
            {
                yield return theAnimal.Name;
            }
        }
    }

    // Private class.
    private class Animal
    {
        public enum TypeEnum { Bird, Mammal }

        public string Name { get; set; }
        public TypeEnum Type { get; set; }
    }
}

Sub Main()
    For Each number As Integer In Test()
        Console.WriteLine(number)
    Next
    Console.WriteLine("For Each is done.")

    ' Output:
    '  3
    '  4
    '  Something happened. Yields are done.
    '  Finally is called.
    '  For Each is done.
    Console.ReadKey()
End Sub

Private Iterator Function Test() As IEnumerable(Of Integer)
    Try
        Yield 3
        Yield 4
        Throw New Exception("Something happened. Yields are done.")
        Yield 5
        Yield 6
    Catch ex As Exception
        Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
    Finally
        Console.WriteLine("Finally is called.")
    End Try
End Function

Dim iterateSequence = Iterator Function() _
                      As IEnumerable(Of Integer)
                          Yield 1
                          Yield 2
                      End Function

For Each number As Integer In iterateSequence()
    Console.Write(number & " ")
Next
' Output: 1 2
Console.ReadKey()

Sub Main()
    For Each number As Integer In GetSequence(5, 10)
        Console.Write(number & " ")
    Next
    ' Output: 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Console.ReadKey()
End Sub

Public Function GetSequence(ByVal low As Integer, ByVal high As Integer) _
As IEnumerable
    ' Validate the arguments.
    If low < 1 Then
        Throw New ArgumentException("low is too low")
    End If
    If high > 140 Then
        Throw New ArgumentException("high is too high")
    End If

    ' Return an anonymous iterator function.
    Dim iterateSequence = Iterator Function() As IEnumerable
                              For index = low To high
                                  Yield index
                              Next
                          End Function
    Return iterateSequence()
End Function

static void Main()
{
    Stack<int> theStack = new Stack<int>();

    //  Add items to the stack.
    for (int number = 0; number <= 9; number++)
    {
        theStack.Push(number);
    }

    // Retrieve items from the stack.
    // foreach is allowed because theStack implements
    // IEnumerable<int>.
    foreach (int number in theStack)
    {
        Console.Write("{0} ", number);
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
    // Output: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

    // foreach is allowed, because theStack.TopToBottom
    // returns IEnumerable(Of Integer).
    foreach (int number in theStack.TopToBottom)
    {
        Console.Write("{0} ", number);
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
    // Output: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

    foreach (int number in theStack.BottomToTop)
    {
        Console.Write("{0} ", number);
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
    // Output: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    foreach (int number in theStack.TopN(7))
    {
        Console.Write("{0} ", number);
    }
    Console.WriteLine();
    // Output: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3

    Console.ReadKey();
}

public class Stack<T> : IEnumerable<T>
{
    private T[] values = new T[100];
    private int top = 0;

    public void Push(T t)
    {
        values[top] = t;
        top++;
    }
    public T Pop()
    {
        top--;
        return values[top];
    }

    // This method implements the GetEnumerator method. It allows
    // an instance of the class to be used in a foreach statement.
    public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
    {
        for (int index = top - 1; index >= 0; index--)
        {
            yield return values[index];
        }
    }

    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return GetEnumerator();
    }

    public IEnumerable<T> TopToBottom
    {
        get { return this; }
    }

    public IEnumerable<T> BottomToTop
    {
        get
        {
            for (int index = 0; index <= top - 1; index++)
            {
                yield return values[index];
            }
        }
    }

    public IEnumerable<T> TopN(int itemsFromTop)
    {
        // Return less than itemsFromTop if necessary.
        int startIndex = itemsFromTop >= top ? 0 : top - itemsFromTop;

        for (int index = top - 1; index >= startIndex; index--)
        {
            yield return values[index];
        }
    }

}