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.NET Framework 3.5
Control Class
Control Methods
Invoke Method
 Invoke Method (Delegate)

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Microsoft Visual Studio 2008/.NET Framework 3.5

Other versions are also available for the following:
.NET Framework Class Library
Control..::.Invoke Method (Delegate)

Executes the specified delegate on the thread that owns the control's underlying window handle.

Namespace:  System.Windows.Forms
Assembly:  System.Windows.Forms (in System.Windows.Forms.dll)
Visual Basic (Declaration)
Public Function Invoke ( _
    method As Delegate _
) As Object
Visual Basic (Usage)
Dim instance As Control
Dim method As [Delegate]
Dim returnValue As Object

returnValue = instance.Invoke(method)
C#
public Object Invoke(
    Delegate method
)
Visual C++
public:
Object^ Invoke(
    Delegate^ method
)
JScript
public function Invoke(
    method : Delegate
) : Object

Parameters

method
Type: System..::.Delegate
A delegate that contains a method to be called in the control's thread context.

Return Value

Type: System..::.Object
The return value from the delegate being invoked, or nullNothingnullptra null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) if the delegate has no return value.

Delegates are similar to function pointers in C or C++ languages. Delegates encapsulate a reference to a method inside a delegate object. The delegate object can then be passed to code that calls the referenced method, and the method to be invoked can be unknown at compile time. Unlike function pointers in C or C++, delegates are object-oriented, type-safe, and more secure.

The Invoke method searches up the control's parent chain until it finds a control or form that has a window handle if the current control's underlying window handle does not exist yet. If no appropriate handle can be found, the Invoke method will throw an exception. Exceptions that are raised during the call will be propagated back to the caller.

NoteNote:

In addition to the InvokeRequired property, there are four methods on a control that are thread safe: Invoke, BeginInvoke, EndInvoke, and CreateGraphics if the handle for the control has already been created. Calling CreateGraphics before the control's handle has been created on a background thread can cause illegal cross thread calls. For all other method calls, you should use one of the invoke methods to marshal the call to the control's thread.

The delegate can be an instance of EventHandler, in which case the sender parameter will contain this control, and the event parameter will contain EventArgs..::.Empty. The delegate can also be an instance of MethodInvoker, or any other delegate that takes a void parameter list. A call to an EventHandler or MethodInvoker delegate will be faster than a call to another type of delegate.

NoteNote:

An exception might be thrown if the thread that should process the message is no longer active.

Windows Mobile for Pocket PC, Windows Mobile for Smartphone, Windows CE Platform Note:

In .NET Compact Framework applications, the delegate must be an instance of EventHandler. For an example, see Delegates Sample.

The following code example shows controls that contain a delegate. The delegate encapsulates a method that adds items to the list box, and this method is executed on the thread that owns the underlying handle of the form. When the user clicks on the button, Invoke runs the delegate.

Visual Basic
' The following example demonstrates the 'Invoke(Delegate)' method of 'Control class.
' A 'ListBox' and a 'Button' control are added to a form, containing a delegate
' which encapsulates a method that adds items to the listbox.This function is executed
' on the thread that owns the underlying handle of the form. When user clicks on button
' the above delegate is executed using 'Invoke' method.

Imports System
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.Threading

Public Class MyFormControl
   Inherits Form

   Delegate Sub AddListItem()
   Public myDelegate As AddListItem
   Private myButton As Button
   Private myThread As Thread
   Private myListBox As ListBox

   Public Sub New()
      myButton = New Button()
      myListBox = New ListBox()
      myButton.Location = New Point(72, 160)
      myButton.Size = New Size(152, 32)
      myButton.TabIndex = 1
      myButton.Text = "Add items in list box"
      AddHandler myButton.Click, AddressOf Button_Click
      myListBox.Location = New Point(48, 32)
      myListBox.Name = "myListBox"
      myListBox.Size = New Size(200, 95)
      myListBox.TabIndex = 2
      ClientSize = New Size(292, 273)
      Controls.AddRange(New Control() {myListBox, myButton})
      Text = " 'Control_Invoke' example"
      myDelegate = New AddListItem(AddressOf AddListItemMethod)
   End Sub 'New

   Shared Sub Main()
      Dim myForm As New MyFormControl()
      myForm.ShowDialog()
   End Sub 'Main

   Public Sub AddListItemMethod()
      Dim myItem As String
      Dim i As Integer
      For i = 1 To 5
         myItem = "MyListItem" + i.ToString()
         myListBox.Items.Add(myItem)
         myListBox.Update()
         Thread.Sleep(300)
      Next i
   End Sub 'AddListItemMethod

   Private Sub Button_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)
      myThread = New Thread(New ThreadStart(AddressOf ThreadFunction))
      myThread.Start()
   End Sub 'Button_Click

   Private Sub ThreadFunction()
      Dim myThreadClassObject As New MyThreadClass(Me)
      myThreadClassObject.Run()
   End Sub 'ThreadFunction
End Class 'MyFormControl


' The following code assumes a 'ListBox' and a 'Button' control are added to a form, 
' containing a delegate which encapsulates a method that adds items to the listbox.
Public Class MyThreadClass
   Private myFormControl1 As MyFormControl

   Public Sub New(myForm As MyFormControl)
      myFormControl1 = myForm
   End Sub 'New

   Public Sub Run()
      ' Execute the specified delegate on the thread that owns
      ' 'myFormControl1' control's underlying window handle.
      myFormControl1.Invoke(myFormControl1.myDelegate)
   End Sub 'Run

End Class 'MyThreadClass

C#
/*
The following example demonstrates the 'Invoke(Delegate)' method of 'Control class.
A 'ListBox' and a 'Button' control are added to a form, containing a delegate
which encapsulates a method that adds items to the listbox.This function is executed
on the thread that owns the underlying handle of the form. When user clicks on button
the above delegate is executed using 'Invoke' method.


*/

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Threading;

   public class MyFormControl : Form
   {
      public delegate void AddListItem();
      public AddListItem myDelegate;
      private Button myButton;
      private Thread myThread;
      private ListBox myListBox;
      public MyFormControl()
      {
         myButton = new Button();
         myListBox = new ListBox();
         myButton.Location = new Point(72, 160);
         myButton.Size = new Size(152, 32);
         myButton.TabIndex = 1;
         myButton.Text = "Add items in list box";
         myButton.Click += new EventHandler(Button_Click);
         myListBox.Location = new Point(48, 32);
         myListBox.Name = "myListBox";
         myListBox.Size = new Size(200, 95);
         myListBox.TabIndex = 2;
         ClientSize = new Size(292, 273);
         Controls.AddRange(new Control[] {myListBox,myButton});
         Text = " 'Control_Invoke' example";
         myDelegate = new AddListItem(AddListItemMethod);
      }
      static void Main()
      {
         MyFormControl myForm = new MyFormControl();
         myForm.ShowDialog();
      }
      public void AddListItemMethod()
      {
         String myItem;
         for(int i=1;i<6;i++)
         {
            myItem = "MyListItem" + i.ToString();
            myListBox.Items.Add(myItem);
            myListBox.Update();
            Thread.Sleep(300);
         }
      }
      private void Button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
      {
         myThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadFunction));
         myThread.Start();
      }
      private void ThreadFunction()
      {
         MyThreadClass myThreadClassObject  = new MyThreadClass(this);
         myThreadClassObject.Run();
      }
   }

// The following code assumes a 'ListBox' and a 'Button' control are added to a form, 
// containing a delegate which encapsulates a method that adds items to the listbox.

   public class MyThreadClass
   {
      MyFormControl myFormControl1;
      public MyThreadClass(MyFormControl myForm)
      {
         myFormControl1 = myForm;
      }

      public void Run()
      {
         // Execute the specified delegate on the thread that owns
         // 'myFormControl1' control's underlying window handle.
         myFormControl1.Invoke(myFormControl1.myDelegate);
      }
   }

Visual C++
/*
The following example demonstrates the 'Invoke(Delegate*)' method of 'Control class.
A 'ListBox' and a 'Button' control are added to a form, containing a delegate
which encapsulates a method that adds items to the listbox.This function is executed
on the thread that owns the underlying handle of the form. When user clicks on button
the above delegate is executed using 'Invoke' method.
*/

#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System::Threading;

public ref class MyFormControl: public Form
{
public:
   delegate void AddListItem();
   AddListItem^ myDelegate;

private:
   Button^ myButton;
   Thread^ myThread;
   ListBox^ myListBox;

public:
   MyFormControl();
   void AddListItemMethod()
   {
      String^ myItem;
      for ( int i = 1; i < 6; i++ )
      {
         myItem = "MyListItem {0}",i;
         myListBox->Items->Add( myItem );
         myListBox->Update();
         Thread::Sleep( 300 );
      }
   }

private:
   void Button_Click( Object^ /*sender*/, EventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {
      myThread = gcnew Thread( gcnew ThreadStart( this, &MyFormControl::ThreadFunction ) );
      myThread->Start();
   }

   void ThreadFunction();
};


// The following code assumes a 'ListBox' and a 'Button' control are added to a form,
// containing a delegate which encapsulates a method that adds items to the listbox.
public ref class MyThreadClass
{
private:
   MyFormControl^ myFormControl1;

public:
   MyThreadClass( MyFormControl^ myForm )
   {
      myFormControl1 = myForm;
   }

   void Run()
   {
      // Execute the specified delegate on the thread that owns
      // 'myFormControl1' control's underlying window handle.
      myFormControl1->Invoke( myFormControl1->myDelegate );
   }
};

Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows XP Starter Edition, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2000 SP4, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows 98, Windows CE, Windows Mobile for Smartphone, Windows Mobile for Pocket PC

The .NET Framework and .NET Compact Framework do not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.

.NET Framework

Supported in: 3.5, 3.0, 2.0, 1.1, 1.0

.NET Compact Framework

Supported in: 3.5, 2.0, 1.0
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