Enumerable.Except<TSource> Method (IEnumerable<TSource>, IEnumerable<TSource>, IEqualityComparer<TSource>)
Updated: October 2008
Produces the set difference of two sequences by using the specified IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.
Assembly: System.Core (in System.Core.dll)
public static IEnumerable<TSource> Except<TSource>( this IEnumerable<TSource> first, IEnumerable<TSource> second, IEqualityComparer<TSource> comparer )
Type Parameters
- TSource
The type of the elements of the input sequences.
Parameters
- first
- Type: System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource>
An IEnumerable<T> whose elements that are not also in second will be returned.
- second
- Type: System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource>
An IEnumerable<T> whose elements that also occur in the first sequence will cause those elements to be removed from the returned sequence.
- comparer
- Type: System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<TSource>
An IEqualityComparer<T> to compare values.
Return Value
Type: System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource>A sequence that contains the set difference of the elements of two sequences.
Usage Note
In Visual Basic and C#, you can call this method as an instance method on any object of type IEnumerable<TSource>. When you use instance method syntax to call this method, omit the first parameter. For more information, see Extension Methods (Visual Basic) or Extension Methods (C# Programming Guide).| Exception | Condition |
|---|---|
| ArgumentNullException | first or second is null. |
The following example shows how to implement an equality comparer that can be used in the Except method.
public class Product { public string Name { get; set; } public int Code { get; set; } } // Custom comparer for the Product class. class ProductComparer : IEqualityComparer<Product> { // Products are equal if their names and product numbers are equal. public bool Equals(Product x, Product y) { // Check whether the compared objects reference the same data. if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, y)) return true; // Check whether any of the compared objects is null. if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, null) || Object.ReferenceEquals(y, null)) return false; // Check whether the products' properties are equal. return x.Code == y.Code && x.Name == y.Name; } // If Equals() returns true for a pair of objects, // GetHashCode must return the same value for these objects. public int GetHashCode(Product product) { // Check whether the object is null. if (Object.ReferenceEquals(product, null)) return 0; // Get the hash code for the Name field if it is not null. int hashProductName = product.Name == null ? 0 : product.Name.GetHashCode(); // Get the hash code for the Code field. int hashProductCode = product.Code.GetHashCode(); // Calculate the hash code for the product. return hashProductName ^ hashProductCode; } }
After you implement this comparer, you can use sequences of Product objects in the Except method, as shown in the following example.
Product[] fruits1 = { new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 },
new Product { Name = "orange", Code = 4 },
new Product { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 } };
Product[] fruits2 = { new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 } };
//Get all the elements from the first array
//except for the elements from the second array.
IEnumerable<Product> except =
fruits1.Except(fruits2, new ProductComparer());
foreach (var product in except)
Console.WriteLine(product.Name + " " + product.Code);
/*
This code produces the following output:
orange 4
lemon 12
*/
Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP SP2, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Windows CE, Windows Mobile for Smartphone, Windows Mobile for Pocket PC, Xbox 360, Zune
The .NET Framework and .NET Compact Framework do not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.