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How to: Write Services Programmatically

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Warning

This documentation isn't for the latest version of Windows Service. For the latest content on Windows Services using BackgroundService and the Worker Service template, see:

If you choose not to use the Windows Service project template, you can write your own services by setting up the inheritance and other infrastructure elements yourself. When you create a service programmatically, you must perform several steps that the template would otherwise handle for you:

  • You must set up your service class to inherit from the ServiceBase class.

  • You must create a Main method for your service project that defines the services to run and calls the Run method on them.

  • You must override the OnStart and OnStop procedures and fill in any code you want them to run.

To write a service programmatically

  1. Create an empty project and create a reference to the necessary namespaces by following these steps:

    1. In Solution Explorer, right-click the References node and click Add Reference.

    2. On the .NET Framework tab, scroll to System.dll and click Select.

    3. Scroll to System.ServiceProcess.dll and click Select.

    4. Click OK.

  2. Add a class and configure it to inherit from ServiceBase:

    public class UserService1 : System.ServiceProcess.ServiceBase
{
}

    Public Class UserService1
    Inherits System.ServiceProcess.ServiceBase
End Class

  3. Add the following code to configure your service class:

    public UserService1()
{
    this.ServiceName = "MyService2";
    this.CanStop = true;
    this.CanPauseAndContinue = true;
    this.AutoLog = true;
}

    Public Sub New()
    Me.ServiceName = "MyService2"
    Me.CanStop = True
    Me.CanPauseAndContinue = True
    Me.AutoLog = True
End Sub

  4. Create a Main method for your class, and use it to define the service your class will contain; userService1 is the name of the class:

    public static void Main()
{
    System.ServiceProcess.ServiceBase.Run(new UserService1());
}

    Shared Sub Main()
    System.ServiceProcess.ServiceBase.Run(New UserService1)
End Sub

  5. Override the OnStart method, and define any processing you want to occur when your service is started.

    protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
    // Insert code here to define processing.
}

    Protected Overrides Sub OnStart(ByVal args() As String)
    ' Insert code here to define processing.
End Sub

  6. Override any other methods you want to define custom processing for, and write code to determine the actions the service should take in each case.

  7. Add the necessary installers for your service application. For more information, see How to: Add Installers to Your Service Application.

  8. Build your project by selecting Build Solution from the Build menu.

    Note

    Do not press F5 to run your project — you cannot run a service project in this way.

  9. Create a setup project and the custom actions to install your service. For an example, see Walkthrough: Creating a Windows Service Application in the Component Designer.

  10. Install the service. For more information, see How to: Install and Uninstall Services.

See also