This property is typically not set through any of its direct property accessors. Instead, you override the type-specific metadata of this dependency property every time you create a new FrameworkElement derived class. When you derive a control, call the OverrideMetadata method against the DefaultStyleKeyProperty identifier, within the static constructor of the control derived class (or equivalent class initialization).
A control typically overrides the default value of this property to be its own type, but in some cases could also use a base type for which a style in the theme dictionaries exists. This is only practical if the control templates of the base control entirely define the visual representation of that derived control, and if whatever additional members the derived types expose do not require additional elements as part of the control template.
If you want your element or control to deliberately not use theme styles, set the OverridesDefaultStyle property to true.