Control Methods


.NET Framework Class Library
Control..::.OnKeyDown Method

Raises the KeyDown event.

Namespace:  System.Windows.Forms
Assembly:  System.Windows.Forms (in System.Windows.Forms.dll)
Syntax

Visual Basic (Declaration)
Protected Overridable Sub OnKeyDown ( _
    e As KeyEventArgs _
)
Visual Basic (Usage)
Dim e As KeyEventArgs

Me.OnKeyDown(e)
C#
protected virtual void OnKeyDown(
    KeyEventArgs e
)
Visual C++
protected:
virtual void OnKeyDown(
    KeyEventArgs^ e
)
JScript
protected function OnKeyDown(
    e : KeyEventArgs
)

Parameters

e
Type: System.Windows.Forms..::.KeyEventArgs
A KeyEventArgs that contains the event data.
Remarks

Raising an event invokes the event handler through a delegate. For more information, see Raising an Event.

The OnKeyDown method also allows derived classes to handle the event without attaching a delegate. This is the preferred technique for handling the event in a derived class.

Notes to Inheritors:

When overriding OnKeyDown in a derived class, be sure to call the base class's OnKeyDown method so that registered delegates receive the event.

Examples

The following code example uses the KeyDown event to determine the type of character entered into the control.

Visual Basic
' Boolean flag used to determine when a character other than a number is entered.
Private nonNumberEntered As Boolean = False


' Handle the KeyDown event to determine the type of character entered into the control.
Private Sub textBox1_KeyDown(sender As Object, e As System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs) _
     Handles textBox1.KeyDown
    ' Initialize the flag to false.
    nonNumberEntered = False

    ' Determine whether the keystroke is a number from the top of the keyboard.
    If e.KeyCode < Keys.D0 OrElse e.KeyCode > Keys.D9 Then
        ' Determine whether the keystroke is a number from the keypad.
        If e.KeyCode < Keys.NumPad0 OrElse e.KeyCode > Keys.NumPad9 Then
            ' Determine whether the keystroke is a backspace.
            If e.KeyCode <> Keys.Back Then
                ' A non-numerical keystroke was pressed. 
                ' Set the flag to true and evaluate in KeyPress event.
                nonNumberEntered = True
            End If
        End If
    End If
    'If shift key was pressed, it's not a number.
    If Control.ModifierKeys = Keys.Shift Then
        nonNumberEntered = true
    End If
End Sub 'textBox1_KeyDown


' This event occurs after the KeyDown event and can be used 
' to prevent characters from entering the control.
Private Sub textBox1_KeyPress(sender As Object, e As System.Windows.Forms.KeyPressEventArgs) _
    Handles textBox1.KeyPress
    ' Check for the flag being set in the KeyDown event.
    If nonNumberEntered = True Then
        ' Stop the character from being entered into the control since it is non-numerical.
        e.Handled = True
    End If
End Sub 'textBox1_KeyPress
C#
// Boolean flag used to determine when a character other than a number is entered.
private bool nonNumberEntered = false;

// Handle the KeyDown event to determine the type of character entered into the control.
private void textBox1_KeyDown(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs e)
{
    // Initialize the flag to false.
    nonNumberEntered = false;

    // Determine whether the keystroke is a number from the top of the keyboard.
    if (e.KeyCode < Keys.D0 || e.KeyCode > Keys.D9)
    {
        // Determine whether the keystroke is a number from the keypad.
        if (e.KeyCode < Keys.NumPad0 || e.KeyCode > Keys.NumPad9)
        {
            // Determine whether the keystroke is a backspace.
            if(e.KeyCode != Keys.Back)
            {
                // A non-numerical keystroke was pressed.
                // Set the flag to true and evaluate in KeyPress event.
                nonNumberEntered = true;
            }
        }
    }
    //If shift key was pressed, it's not a number.
    if (Control.ModifierKeys == Keys.Shift) {
        nonNumberEntered = true;
    }
}

// This event occurs after the KeyDown event and can be used to prevent
// characters from entering the control.
private void textBox1_KeyPress(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.KeyPressEventArgs e)
{
    // Check for the flag being set in the KeyDown event.
    if (nonNumberEntered == true)
    {
        // Stop the character from being entered into the control since it is non-numerical.
        e.Handled = true;
    }
}

Visual C++
   // Boolean flag used to determine when a character other than a number is entered.
private:
   bool nonNumberEntered;

   // Handle the KeyDown event to determine the type of character entered into the control.
   void textBox1_KeyDown( Object^ /*sender*/, System::Windows::Forms::KeyEventArgs^ e )
   {
      // Initialize the flag to false.
      nonNumberEntered = false;

      // Determine whether the keystroke is a number from the top of the keyboard.
      if ( e->KeyCode < Keys::D0 || e->KeyCode > Keys::D9 )
      {
         // Determine whether the keystroke is a number from the keypad.
         if ( e->KeyCode < Keys::NumPad0 || e->KeyCode > Keys::NumPad9 )
         {
            // Determine whether the keystroke is a backspace.
            if ( e->KeyCode != Keys::Back )
            {
               // A non-numerical keystroke was pressed.
               // Set the flag to true and evaluate in KeyPress event.
               nonNumberEntered = true;
            }
         }
      }
      //If shift key was pressed, it's not a number.
      if (Control::ModifierKeys == Keys::Shift) {
         nonNumberEntered = true;
      }
   }

   // This event occurs after the KeyDown event and can be used to prevent
   // characters from entering the control.
   void textBox1_KeyPress( Object^ /*sender*/, System::Windows::Forms::KeyPressEventArgs^ e )
   {
      // Check for the flag being set in the KeyDown event.
      if ( nonNumberEntered == true )
      {         // Stop the character from being entered into the control since it is non-numerical.
         e->Handled = true;
      }
   }
Platforms

Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows XP Starter Edition, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2000 SP4, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows 98, Windows CE, Windows Mobile for Smartphone, Windows Mobile for Pocket PC

The .NET Framework and .NET Compact Framework do not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.
Version Information

.NET Framework

Supported in: 3.5, 3.0, 2.0, 1.1, 1.0

.NET Compact Framework

Supported in: 3.5, 2.0, 1.0
See Also

Reference

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