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.NET Development
.NET Framework 4
Application Class
Application Events
 ThreadException Event
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.NET Framework Class Library
Application..::.ThreadException Event

Occurs when an untrapped thread exception is thrown.

Namespace:  System.Windows.Forms
Assembly:  System.Windows.Forms (in System.Windows.Forms.dll)
Visual Basic
Public Shared Event ThreadException As ThreadExceptionEventHandler
C#
public static event ThreadExceptionEventHandler ThreadException
Visual C++
public:
static  event ThreadExceptionEventHandler^ ThreadException {
    void add (ThreadExceptionEventHandler^ value);
    void remove (ThreadExceptionEventHandler^ value);
}
F#
member ThreadException : IEvent<ThreadExceptionEventHandler,
    ThreadExceptionEventArgs>

This event allows your Windows Forms application to handle otherwise unhandled exceptions that occur in Windows Forms threads. Attach your event handlers to the ThreadException event to deal with these exceptions, which will leave your application in an unknown state. Where possible, exceptions should be handled by a structured exception handling block.

You can change whether this callback is used for unhandled Windows Forms thread exceptions by setting SetUnhandledExceptionMode. To catch exceptions that occur in threads not created and owned by Windows Forms, use the UnhandledException event handler.

NoteNote

To guarantee that no activations of this event are missed, you must attach a handler before you call Application..::.Run.

Caution noteCaution

Because this is a static event, you must detach your event handlers when your application is disposed, or memory leaks will result.

The following code example sets event handlers for exceptions that occur on Windows Forms threads and exceptions that occur on other threads. It sets SetUnhandledExceptionMode so that all exceptions are handled by the application, regardless of the settings in the application's user configuration file. It uses the ThreadException event to handle UI thread exceptions, and the UnhandledException event to handle non-UI thread exceptions. Since UnhandledException cannot prevent an application from terminating, the example simply logs the error in the application event log before termination.

This example assumes that you have defined two Button controls, button1 and button2, on your Form class.

Visual Basic
        Private newThread As Thread = Nothing

        ' Starts the application. 
        <SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Flags:=SecurityPermissionFlag.ControlAppDomain)> _
        Public Shared Sub Main()
            ' Add the event handler for handling UI thread exceptions to the event.
            AddHandler Application.ThreadException, AddressOf ErrorHandlerForm.Form1_UIThreadException

            ' Set the unhandled exception mode to force all Windows Forms errors to go through
            ' our handler.
            Application.SetUnhandledExceptionMode(UnhandledExceptionMode.CatchException)

            ' Add the event handler for handling non-UI thread exceptions to the event. 
            AddHandler AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException, AddressOf CurrentDomain_UnhandledException

            ' Runs the application.
            Application.Run(New ErrorHandlerForm())
        End Sub


        ' Programs the button to throw an exception when clicked.
        Private Sub button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles button1.Click
            Throw New ArgumentException("The parameter was invalid")
        End Sub

        ' Start a new thread, separate from Windows Forms, that will throw an exception.
        Private Sub button2_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles button2.Click
            Dim newThreadStart As New ThreadStart(AddressOf newThread_Execute)
            newThread = New Thread(newThreadStart)
            newThread.Start()
        End Sub


        ' The thread we start up to demonstrate non-UI exception handling. 
        Sub newThread_Execute()
            Throw New Exception("The method or operation is not implemented.")
        End Sub


        ' Handle the UI exceptions by showing a dialog box, and asking the user whether
        ' or not they wish to abort execution.
        Private Shared Sub Form1_UIThreadException(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal t As ThreadExceptionEventArgs)
            Dim result As System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult = _
                System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel
            Try
                result = ShowThreadExceptionDialog("Windows Forms Error", t.Exception)
            Catch
                Try
                    MessageBox.Show("Fatal Windows Forms Error", _
                        "Fatal Windows Forms Error", MessageBoxButtons.AbortRetryIgnore, MessageBoxIcon.Stop)
                Finally
                    Application.Exit()
                End Try
            End Try

            ' Exits the program when the user clicks Abort.
            If result = DialogResult.Abort Then
                Application.Exit()
            End If
        End Sub

        ' Handle the UI exceptions by showing a dialog box, and asking the user whether
        ' or not they wish to abort execution.
        ' NOTE: This exception cannot be kept from terminating the application - it can only 
        ' log the event, and inform the user about it. 
        Private Shared Sub CurrentDomain_UnhandledException(ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As UnhandledExceptionEventArgs)
            Try
                Dim ex As Exception = CType(e.ExceptionObject, Exception)
                Dim errorMsg As String = "An application error occurred. Please contact the adminstrator " & _
                    "with the following information:" & ControlChars.Lf & ControlChars.Lf

                ' Since we can't prevent the app from terminating, log this to the event log.
                If (Not EventLog.SourceExists("ThreadException")) Then
                    EventLog.CreateEventSource("ThreadException", "Application")
                End If

                ' Create an EventLog instance and assign its source.
                Dim myLog As New EventLog()
                myLog.Source = "ThreadException"
                myLog.WriteEntry((errorMsg + ex.Message & ControlChars.Lf & ControlChars.Lf & _
                    "Stack Trace:" & ControlChars.Lf & ex.StackTrace))
            Catch exc As Exception
                Try
                    MessageBox.Show("Fatal Non-UI Error", "Fatal Non-UI Error. Could not write the error to the event log. " & _
                        "Reason: " & exc.Message, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Stop)
                Finally
                    Application.Exit()
                End Try
            End Try
        End Sub


        ' Creates the error message and displays it.
        Private Shared Function ShowThreadExceptionDialog(ByVal title As String, ByVal e As Exception) As DialogResult
            Dim errorMsg As String = "An application error occurred. Please contact the adminstrator " & _
         "with the following information:" & ControlChars.Lf & ControlChars.Lf
            errorMsg = errorMsg & e.Message & ControlChars.Lf & _
         ControlChars.Lf & "Stack Trace:" & ControlChars.Lf & e.StackTrace

            Return MessageBox.Show(errorMsg, title, MessageBoxButtons.AbortRetryIgnore, MessageBoxIcon.Stop)
        End Function
C#
Thread newThread = null;

// Starts the application. 
[SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Flags = SecurityPermissionFlag.ControlAppDomain)]
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    // Add the event handler for handling UI thread exceptions to the event.
    Application.ThreadException += new ThreadExceptionEventHandler(ErrorHandlerForm.Form1_UIThreadException);

    // Set the unhandled exception mode to force all Windows Forms errors to go through
    // our handler.
    Application.SetUnhandledExceptionMode(UnhandledExceptionMode.CatchException);

    // Add the event handler for handling non-UI thread exceptions to the event. 
    AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException +=
        new UnhandledExceptionEventHandler(CurrentDomain_UnhandledException);

    // Runs the application.
    Application.Run(new ErrorHandlerForm());
}

// Programs the button to throw an exception when clicked.
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    throw new ArgumentException("The parameter was invalid");
}

// Start a new thread, separate from Windows Forms, that will throw an exception.
private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    ThreadStart newThreadStart = new ThreadStart(newThread_Execute);
    newThread = new Thread(newThreadStart);
    newThread.Start();
}

// The thread we start up to demonstrate non-UI exception handling. 
void newThread_Execute()
{
    throw new Exception("The method or operation is not implemented.");
}

// Handle the UI exceptions by showing a dialog box, and asking the user whether
// or not they wish to abort execution.
private static void Form1_UIThreadException(object sender, ThreadExceptionEventArgs t)
{
    DialogResult result = DialogResult.Cancel;
    try
    {
        result = ShowThreadExceptionDialog("Windows Forms Error", t.Exception);
    }
    catch
    {
        try
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Fatal Windows Forms Error",
                "Fatal Windows Forms Error", MessageBoxButtons.AbortRetryIgnore, MessageBoxIcon.Stop);
        }
        finally
        {
            Application.Exit();
        }
    }

    // Exits the program when the user clicks Abort.
    if (result == DialogResult.Abort)
        Application.Exit();
}

// Handle the UI exceptions by showing a dialog box, and asking the user whether
// or not they wish to abort execution.
// NOTE: This exception cannot be kept from terminating the application - it can only 
// log the event, and inform the user about it. 
private static void CurrentDomain_UnhandledException(object sender, UnhandledExceptionEventArgs e)
{
    try
    {
        Exception ex = (Exception)e.ExceptionObject;
        string errorMsg = "An application error occurred. Please contact the adminstrator " +
            "with the following information:\n\n";

        // Since we can't prevent the app from terminating, log this to the event log.
        if (!EventLog.SourceExists("ThreadException"))
        {
            EventLog.CreateEventSource("ThreadException", "Application");
        }

        // Create an EventLog instance and assign its source.
        EventLog myLog = new EventLog();
        myLog.Source = "ThreadException";
        myLog.WriteEntry(errorMsg + ex.Message + "\n\nStack Trace:\n" + ex.StackTrace);
    }
    catch (Exception exc)
    {
        try
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Fatal Non-UI Error",
                "Fatal Non-UI Error. Could not write the error to the event log. Reason: "
                + exc.Message, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Stop);
        }
        finally
        {
            Application.Exit();
        }
    }
}

// Creates the error message and displays it.
private static DialogResult ShowThreadExceptionDialog(string title, Exception e)
{
    string errorMsg = "An application error occurred. Please contact the adminstrator " +
        "with the following information:\n\n";
    errorMsg = errorMsg + e.Message + "\n\nStack Trace:\n" + e.StackTrace;
    return MessageBox.Show(errorMsg, title, MessageBoxButtons.AbortRetryIgnore,
        MessageBoxIcon.Stop);
}
Visual C++
   // Creates a class to throw the error.
public:
   ref class ErrorHandler: public System::Windows::Forms::Form
   {
      // Inserts the code to create a form with a button.

      // Programs the button to throw an exception when clicked.
   private:
      void button1_Click( Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/ )
      {
         throw gcnew ArgumentException( "The parameter was invalid" );
      }

   public:
      static void Main()
      {
         // Creates an instance of the methods that will handle the exception.
         CustomExceptionHandler ^ eh = gcnew CustomExceptionHandler;

         // Adds the event handler to to the event.
         Application::ThreadException += gcnew ThreadExceptionEventHandler( eh, &Form1::CustomExceptionHandler::OnThreadException );

         // Runs the application.
         Application::Run( gcnew ErrorHandler );
      }
   };

   // Creates a class to handle the exception event.
internal:
   ref class CustomExceptionHandler
   {
      // Handles the exception event.
   public:
      void OnThreadException( Object^ /*sender*/, ThreadExceptionEventArgs^ t )
      {
         System::Windows::Forms::DialogResult result = ::DialogResult::Cancel;
         try
         {
            result = this->ShowThreadExceptionDialog( t->Exception );
         }
         catch ( Exception^ ) 
         {
            try
            {
               MessageBox::Show( "Fatal Error", "Fatal Error", MessageBoxButtons::AbortRetryIgnore, MessageBoxIcon::Stop );
            }
            finally
            {
               Application::Exit();
            }
         }

         // Exits the program when the user clicks Abort.
         if ( result == ::DialogResult::Abort )
         {
            Application::Exit();
         }
      }

      // Creates the error message and displays it.
   private:
      System::Windows::Forms::DialogResult ShowThreadExceptionDialog( Exception^ e )
      {
         String^ errorMsg = "An error occurred please contact the adminstrator with the following information:\n\n";
         errorMsg = String::Concat( errorMsg, e->Message, "\n\nStack Trace:\n", e->StackTrace );
         return MessageBox::Show( errorMsg, "Application Error", MessageBoxButtons::AbortRetryIgnore, MessageBoxIcon::Stop );
      }
   };

.NET Framework

Supported in: 4, 3.5, 3.0, 2.0, 1.1, 1.0

.NET Framework Client Profile

Supported in: 4, 3.5 SP1

Windows 7, Windows Vista SP1 or later, Windows XP SP3, Windows XP SP2 x64 Edition, Windows Server 2008 (Server Core not supported), Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core supported with SP1 or later), Windows Server 2003 SP2

The .NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.
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Unsubscribing event      JakeSee   |   Edit   |   Show History
Where in the example does the unsubscribing of events to prevent memort leaks happen?
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Important notice      asmi ... YodaC   |   Edit   |   Show History

I'd like to point out that this event will ONLY fire if there is a message loop running in current thread. It can be either dialog message loop (which is started inside Form::ShowDialog() call), or main loop, which is started by Application::Run() call)

Some exceptions CANNOT be handled this way...eg., listview dragdrop

See excellent Peter Ritchie post on this

http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/winforms/thread/8beb1aba-1699-46c7-84dc-38768c7a21f6/?prof=required

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A little error      dalkar69   |   Edit   |   Show History
This part of code cause this error :

Error    1    Method 'Private Shared Sub CurrentDomain_UnhandledException(sender As Object, e As Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.UnhandledExceptionEventArgs)' does not have a signature compatible with delegate 'Delegate Sub UnhandledExceptionEventHandler(sender As Object, e As System.UnhandledExceptionEventArgs)'. 

' Add the event handler for handling non-UI thread exceptions to the event.
        AddHandler AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException, AddressOf CurrentDomain_UnhandledException
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