A user can use the Print dialog box to select a printer, configure it, and perform a print job.
Strictly speaking, you can use the PrintDocument method without ever opening the dialog. In that sense, the control can be used as an unseen printing component. But for performance reasons, it would be better to use either the AddJob method or one of the many Write and WriteAsync methods of the XpsDocumentWriter. For more about this, see How to: Programmatically Print XPS Files and Printing an XPS Document.
Do not confuse this class, System.Windows.Controls..::.PrintDialog, with System.Windows.Forms..::.PrintDialog. The latter is used with Windows Forms applications. System.Windows.Controls..::.PrintDialog is used with Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) applications.