' This example shows a ReaderWriterLock protecting a shared
' resource that is read concurrently and written exclusively
' by multiple threads.

' The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
' class topic.
Imports System
Imports System.Threading
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic

Public Class Test
    ' Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
    ' makes it visible to all threads.
    Private Shared rwl As New ReaderWriterLock()
    ' For this example, the shared resource protected by the
    ' ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
    Private Shared resource As Integer = 0

    Const numThreads As Integer = 26
    Private Shared running As Boolean = True
    Private Shared rnd As New Random()

    ' Statistics.
    Private Shared readerTimeouts As Integer = 0
    Private Shared writerTimeouts As Integer = 0
    Private Shared reads As Integer = 0
    Private Shared writes As Integer = 0

    <MTAThread> _
    Public Shared Sub Main(args() As String)
        ' Start a series of threads. Each thread randomly
        ' performs reads and writes on the shared resource.
        Dim t(numThreads) As Thread
        Dim i As Integer
        For i = 0 To numThreads - 1
            t(i) = New Thread(New ThreadStart(AddressOf ThreadProc))
            t(i).Name = Chr(i + 65)
            t(i).Start()
            If i > 10 Then
                Thread.Sleep(300)
            End If
        Next i 

        ' Tell the threads to shut down, then wait until they all
        ' finish.
        running = False
        For i = 0 To numThreads - 1
            t(i).Join()
        Next i

        ' Display statistics.
        Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "{0} reads, {1} writes, {2} reader time-outs, {3} writer time-outs.", reads, writes, readerTimeouts, writerTimeouts)
        Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to exit.")
        Console.ReadLine()
    End Sub 'Main


    Shared Sub ThreadProc()
        ' As long as a thread runs, it randomly selects
        ' various ways to read and write from the shared 
        ' resource. Each of the methods demonstrates one 
        ' or more features of ReaderWriterLock.
        While running
            Dim action As Double = rnd.NextDouble()
            If action < 0.8 Then
                ReadFromResource(10)
            ElseIf action < 0.81 Then
                ReleaseRestore(50)
            ElseIf action < 0.9 Then
                UpgradeDowngrade(100)
            Else
                WriteToResource(100)
            End If
        End While
    End Sub 'ThreadProc

    ' Shows how to request and release a reader lock, and
    ' how to handle time-outs.
    Shared Sub ReadFromResource(timeOut As Integer)
        Try
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut)
            Try
                ' It is safe for this thread to read from
                ' the shared resource.
                Display("reads resource value " & resource)
                Interlocked.Increment(reads)
            Finally 
                ' Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock()
            End Try
        Catch ex As ApplicationException
            ' The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(readerTimeouts)
        End Try
    End Sub 'ReadFromResource

    ' Shows how to request and release the writer lock, and
    ' how to handle time-outs.
    Shared Sub WriteToResource(timeOut As Integer)
        Try
            rwl.AcquireWriterLock(timeOut)
            Try
                ' It is safe for this thread to read or write
                ' from the shared resource.
                resource = rnd.Next(500)
                Display("writes resource value " & resource)
                Interlocked.Increment(writes)
            Finally
                ' Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseWriterLock()
            End Try
        Catch ex As ApplicationException
            ' The writer lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(writerTimeouts)
        End Try
    End Sub 'WriteToResource

    ' Shows how to request a reader lock, upgrade the
    ' reader lock to the writer lock, and downgrade to a
    ' reader lock again.
    Shared Sub UpgradeDowngrade(timeOut As Integer)
        Try
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut)
            Try
                ' It is safe for this thread to read from
                ' the shared resource.
                Display("reads resource value " & resource)
                Interlocked.Increment(reads)

                ' If it is necessary to write to the resource,
                ' you must either release the reader lock and 
                ' then request the writer lock, or upgrade the
                ' reader lock. Note that upgrading the reader lock
                ' puts the thread in the write queue, behind any
                ' other threads that might be waiting for the 
                ' writer lock.
                Try
                    Dim lc As LockCookie = rwl.UpgradeToWriterLock(timeOut)
                    Try
                        ' It is safe for this thread to read or write
                        ' from the shared resource.
                        resource = rnd.Next(500)
                        Display("writes resource value " & resource)
                        Interlocked.Increment(writes)
                    Finally
                        ' Ensure that the lock is released.
                        rwl.DowngradeFromWriterLock(lc)
                    End Try
                Catch ex As ApplicationException
                    ' The upgrade request timed out.
                    Interlocked.Increment(writerTimeouts)
                End Try

                ' When the lock has been downgraded, it is 
                ' still safe to read from the resource.
                Display("reads resource value " & resource)
                Interlocked.Increment(reads)
            Finally
                ' Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock()
            End Try
        Catch ex As ApplicationException
            ' The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(readerTimeouts)
        End Try
    End Sub 'UpgradeDowngrade

    ' Shows how to release all locks and later restore
    ' the lock state. Shows how to use sequence numbers
    ' to determine whether another thread has obtained
    ' a writer lock since this thread last accessed the
    ' resource.
    Shared Sub ReleaseRestore(timeOut As Integer)
        Dim lastWriter As Integer

        Try
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut)
            Try
                ' It is safe for this thread to read from
                ' the shared resource. Cache the value. (You
                ' might do this if reading the resource is
                ' an expensive operation.)
                Dim resourceValue As Integer = resource
                Display("reads resource value " & resourceValue)
                Interlocked.Increment(reads)

                ' Save the current writer sequence number.
                lastWriter = rwl.WriterSeqNum

                ' Release the lock, and save a cookie so the
                ' lock can be restored later.
                Dim lc As LockCookie = rwl.ReleaseLock()

                ' Wait for a random interval (up to a 
                ' quarter of a second), and then restore
                ' the previous state of the lock. Note that
                ' there is no time-out on the Restore method.
                Thread.Sleep(rnd.Next(250))
                rwl.RestoreLock(lc)

                ' Check whether other threads obtained the
                ' writer lock in the interval. If not, then
                ' the cached value of the resource is still
                ' valid.
                If rwl.AnyWritersSince(lastWriter) Then
                    resourceValue = resource
                    Interlocked.Increment(reads)
                    Display("resource has changed " & resourceValue)
                Else
                    Display("resource has not changed " & resourceValue)
                End If
            Finally
                ' Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock()
            End Try
        Catch ex As ApplicationException
            ' The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(readerTimeouts)
        End Try
    End Sub 'ReleaseRestore

    ' Helper method briefly displays the most recent
    ' thread action. Comment out calls to Display to 
    ' get a better idea of throughput.
    Shared Sub Display(msg As String)
        Console.Write("Thread {0} {1}.       " & vbCr, Thread.CurrentThread.Name, msg)
    End Sub 'Display
End Class 'Test 

// This example shows a ReaderWriterLock protecting a shared
// resource that is read concurrently and written exclusively
// by multiple threads.

// The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
// class topic.
using System;
using System.Threading;

public class Test
{
    // Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
    // makes it visible to all threads.
    static ReaderWriterLock rwl = new ReaderWriterLock();
    // For this example, the shared resource protected by the
    // ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
    static int resource = 0;

    const int numThreads = 26;
    static bool running = true;
    static Random rnd = new Random();

    // Statistics.
    static int readerTimeouts = 0;
    static int writerTimeouts = 0;
    static int reads = 0;
    static int writes = 0;

    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Start a series of threads. Each thread randomly
        // performs reads and writes on the shared resource.
        Thread[] t = new Thread[numThreads];
        for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++)
        {
            t[i] = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));
            t[i].Name = new String(Convert.ToChar(i + 65), 1);
            t[i].Start();
            if (i > 10)
                Thread.Sleep(300);
        }

        // Tell the threads to shut down, then wait until they all
        // finish.
        running = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++)
        {
            t[i].Join();
        }

        // Display statistics.
        Console.WriteLine("\r\n{0} reads, {1} writes, {2} reader time-outs, {3} writer time-outs.",
            reads, writes, readerTimeouts, writerTimeouts);
        Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to exit.");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    static void ThreadProc()
    {
        // As long as a thread runs, it randomly selects
        // various ways to read and write from the shared 
        // resource. Each of the methods demonstrates one 
        // or more features of ReaderWriterLock.
        while (running)
        {
            double action = rnd.NextDouble();
            if (action < .8)
                ReadFromResource(10);
            else if (action < .81)
                ReleaseRestore(50);
            else if (action < .90)
                UpgradeDowngrade(100);
            else
                WriteToResource(100);
        }
    }

    // Shows how to request and release a reader lock, and
    // how to handle time-outs.
    static void ReadFromResource(int timeOut)
    {
        try
        {
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut);
            try
            {
                // It is safe for this thread to read from
                // the shared resource.
                Display("reads resource value " + resource); 
                Interlocked.Increment(ref reads);
            }        
            finally
            {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException)
        {
            // The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(ref readerTimeouts);
        }
    }

    // Shows how to request and release the writer lock, and
    // how to handle time-outs.
    static void WriteToResource(int timeOut)
    {
        try
        {
            rwl.AcquireWriterLock(timeOut);
            try
            {
                // It is safe for this thread to read or write
                // from the shared resource.
                resource = rnd.Next(500);
                Display("writes resource value " + resource);
                Interlocked.Increment(ref writes);
            }        
            finally
            {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseWriterLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException)
        {
            // The writer lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(ref writerTimeouts);
        }
    }

    // Shows how to request a reader lock, upgrade the
    // reader lock to the writer lock, and downgrade to a
    // reader lock again.
    static void UpgradeDowngrade(int timeOut)
    {
        try
        {
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut);
            try
            {
                // It is safe for this thread to read from
                // the shared resource.
                Display("reads resource value " + resource); 
                Interlocked.Increment(ref reads);

                // If it is necessary to write to the resource,
                // you must either release the reader lock and 
                // then request the writer lock, or upgrade the
                // reader lock. Note that upgrading the reader lock
                // puts the thread in the write queue, behind any
                // other threads that might be waiting for the 
                // writer lock.
                try
                {
                    LockCookie lc = rwl.UpgradeToWriterLock(timeOut);
                    try
                    {
                        // It is safe for this thread to read or write
                        // from the shared resource.
                        resource = rnd.Next(500);
                        Display("writes resource value " + resource);
                        Interlocked.Increment(ref writes);
                    }        
                    finally
                    {
                        // Ensure that the lock is released.
                        rwl.DowngradeFromWriterLock(ref lc);
                    }
                }
                catch (ApplicationException)
                {
                    // The upgrade request timed out.
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref writerTimeouts);
                }

                // When the lock has been downgraded, it is 
                // still safe to read from the resource.
                Display("reads resource value " + resource); 
                Interlocked.Increment(ref reads);
            }        
            finally
            {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException)
        {
            // The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(ref readerTimeouts);
        }
    }

    // Shows how to release all locks and later restore
    // the lock state. Shows how to use sequence numbers
    // to determine whether another thread has obtained
    // a writer lock since this thread last accessed the
    // resource.
    static void ReleaseRestore(int timeOut)
    {
        int lastWriter;

        try
        {
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut);
            try
            {
                // It is safe for this thread to read from
                // the shared resource. Cache the value. (You
                // might do this if reading the resource is
                // an expensive operation.)
                int resourceValue = resource;
                Display("reads resource value " + resourceValue); 
                Interlocked.Increment(ref reads);

                // Save the current writer sequence number.
                lastWriter = rwl.WriterSeqNum;

                // Release the lock, and save a cookie so the
                // lock can be restored later.
                LockCookie lc = rwl.ReleaseLock();

                // Wait for a random interval (up to a 
                // quarter of a second), and then restore
                // the previous state of the lock. Note that
                // there is no time-out on the Restore method.
                Thread.Sleep(rnd.Next(250));
                rwl.RestoreLock(ref lc);

                // Check whether other threads obtained the
                // writer lock in the interval. If not, then
                // the cached value of the resource is still
                // valid.
                if (rwl.AnyWritersSince(lastWriter))
                {
                    resourceValue = resource;
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref reads);
                    Display("resource has changed " + resourceValue);
                }
                else
                {
                    Display("resource has not changed " + resourceValue);
                }
            }        
            finally
            {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException)
        {
            // The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(ref readerTimeouts);
        }
    }

    // Helper method briefly displays the most recent
    // thread action. Comment out calls to Display to 
    // get a better idea of throughput.
    static void Display(string msg)
    {
        Console.Write("Thread {0} {1}.       \r", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, msg);
    }
}

// This example shows a ReaderWriterLock protecting a shared
// resource that is read concurrently and written exclusively
// by multiple threads.
// The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
// class topic.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Threading;
public ref class Test
{
public:

   // Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
   // makes it visible to all threads.
   static ReaderWriterLock^ rwl = gcnew ReaderWriterLock;

   // For this example, the shared resource protected by the
   // ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
   static int resource = 0;

   literal int numThreads = 26;
   static bool running = true;
   static Random^ rnd = gcnew Random;

   // Statistics.
   static int readerTimeouts = 0;
   static int writerTimeouts = 0;
   static int reads = 0;
   static int writes = 0;
   static void ThreadProc()
   {

      // As long as a thread runs, it randomly selects
      // various ways to read and write from the shared 
      // resource. Each of the methods demonstrates one 
      // or more features of ReaderWriterLock.
      while ( running )
      {
         double action = rnd->NextDouble();
         if ( action < .8 )
                  ReadFromResource( 10 );
         else
         if ( action < .81 )
                  ReleaseRestore( 50 );
         else
         if ( action < .90 )
                  UpgradeDowngrade( 100 );
         else
                  WriteToResource( 100 );
      }
   }


   // Shows how to request and release a reader lock, and
   // how to handle time-outs.
   static void ReadFromResource( int timeOut )
   {
      try
      {
         rwl->AcquireReaderLock( timeOut );
         try
         {

            // It is safe for this thread to read from
            // the shared resource.
            Display( String::Format( "reads resource value {0}", resource ) );
            Interlocked::Increment( reads );
         }
         finally
         {

            // Ensure that the lock is released.
            rwl->ReleaseReaderLock();
         }

      }
      catch ( ApplicationException^ ) 
      {

         // The reader lock request timed out.
         Interlocked::Increment( readerTimeouts );
      }

   }


   // Shows how to request and release the writer lock, and
   // how to handle time-outs.
   static void WriteToResource( int timeOut )
   {
      try
      {
         rwl->AcquireWriterLock( timeOut );
         try
         {

            // It is safe for this thread to read or write
            // from the shared resource.
            resource = rnd->Next( 500 );
            Display( String::Format( "writes resource value {0}", resource ) );
            Interlocked::Increment( writes );
         }
         finally
         {

            // Ensure that the lock is released.
            rwl->ReleaseWriterLock();
         }

      }
      catch ( ApplicationException^ ) 
      {

         // The writer lock request timed out.
         Interlocked::Increment( writerTimeouts );
      }

   }


   // Shows how to request a reader lock, upgrade the
   // reader lock to the writer lock, and downgrade to a
   // reader lock again.
   static void UpgradeDowngrade( int timeOut )
   {
      try
      {
         rwl->AcquireReaderLock( timeOut );
         try
         {

            // It is safe for this thread to read from
            // the shared resource.
            Display( String::Format( "reads resource value {0}", resource ) );
            Interlocked::Increment( reads );

            // If it is necessary to write to the resource,
            // you must either release the reader lock and 
            // then request the writer lock, or upgrade the
            // reader lock. Note that upgrading the reader lock
            // puts the thread in the write queue, behind any
            // other threads that might be waiting for the 
            // writer lock.
            try
            {
               LockCookie lc = rwl->UpgradeToWriterLock( timeOut );
               try
               {

                  // It is safe for this thread to read or write
                  // from the shared resource.
                  resource = rnd->Next( 500 );
                  Display( String::Format( "writes resource value {0}", resource ) );
                  Interlocked::Increment( writes );
               }
               finally
               {

                  // Ensure that the lock is released.
                  rwl->DowngradeFromWriterLock( lc );
               }

            }
            catch ( ApplicationException^ ) 
            {

               // The upgrade request timed out.
               Interlocked::Increment( writerTimeouts );
            }


            // When the lock has been downgraded, it is 
            // still safe to read from the resource.
            Display( String::Format( "reads resource value {0}", resource ) );
            Interlocked::Increment( reads );
         }
         finally
         {

            // Ensure that the lock is released.
            rwl->ReleaseReaderLock();
         }

      }
      catch ( ApplicationException^ ) 
      {

         // The reader lock request timed out.
         Interlocked::Increment( readerTimeouts );
      }

   }


   // Shows how to release all locks and later restore
   // the lock state. Shows how to use sequence numbers
   // to determine whether another thread has obtained
   // a writer lock since this thread last accessed the
   // resource.
   static void ReleaseRestore( int timeOut )
   {
      int lastWriter;
      try
      {
         rwl->AcquireReaderLock( timeOut );
         try
         {

            // It is safe for this thread to read from
            // the shared resource. Cache the value. (You
            // might do this if reading the resource is
            // an expensive operation.)
            int resourceValue = resource;
            Display( String::Format( "reads resource value {0}", resourceValue ) );
            Interlocked::Increment( reads );

            // Save the current writer sequence number.
            lastWriter = rwl->WriterSeqNum;

            // Release the lock, and save a cookie so the
            // lock can be restored later.
            LockCookie lc = rwl->ReleaseLock();

            // Wait for a random interval (up to a 
            // quarter of a second), and then restore
            // the previous state of the lock. Note that
            // there is no timeout on the Restore method.
            Thread::Sleep( rnd->Next( 250 ) );
            rwl->RestoreLock( lc );

            // Check whether other threads obtained the
            // writer lock in the interval. If not, then
            // the cached value of the resource is still
            // valid.
            if ( rwl->AnyWritersSince( lastWriter ) )
            {
               resourceValue = resource;
               Interlocked::Increment( reads );
               Display( String::Format( "resource has changed {0}", resourceValue ) );
            }
            else
            {
               Display( String::Format( "resource has not changed {0}", resourceValue ) );
            }
         }
         finally
         {

            // Ensure that the lock is released.
            rwl->ReleaseReaderLock();
         }

      }
      catch ( ApplicationException^ ) 
      {

         // The reader lock request timed out.
         Interlocked::Increment( readerTimeouts );
      }

   }


   // Helper method briefly displays the most recent
   // thread action. Comment out calls to Display to 
   // get a better idea of throughput.
   static void Display( String^ msg )
   {
      Console::Write( "Thread {0} {1}.       \r", Thread::CurrentThread->Name, msg );
   }

};


int main()
{
   array<String^>^args = Environment::GetCommandLineArgs();

   // Start a series of threads. Each thread randomly
   // performs reads and writes on the shared resource.
   array<Thread^>^t = gcnew array<Thread^>(Test::numThreads);
   for ( int i = 0; i < Test::numThreads; i++ )
   {
      t[ i ] = gcnew Thread( gcnew ThreadStart( Test::ThreadProc ) );
      t[ i ]->Name = gcnew String( Convert::ToChar( i + 65 ),1 );
      t[ i ]->Start();
      if ( i > 10 )
            Thread::Sleep( 300 );

   }

   // Tell the threads to shut down, then wait until they all
   // finish.
   Test::running = false;
   for ( int i = 0; i < Test::numThreads; i++ )
   {
      t[ i ]->Join();

   }

   // Display statistics.
   Console::WriteLine( "\r\n {0} reads, {1} writes, {2} reader time-outs, {3} writer time-outs.", Test::reads, Test::writes, Test::readerTimeouts, Test::writerTimeouts );
   Console::WriteLine( "Press ENTER to exit." );
   Console::ReadLine();
   return 0;
}