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.NET Framework
HMACSHA1 Class
This page is specific to
Microsoft Visual Studio 2008/.NET Framework 3.5

Other versions are also available for the following:
.NET Framework Class Library
HMACSHA1 Class

Computes a Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) using the SHA1 hash function.

Namespace:  System.Security.Cryptography
Assembly:  mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)

Visual Basic (Declaration)
<ComVisibleAttribute(True)> _
Public Class HMACSHA1 _
    Inherits HMAC
Visual Basic (Usage)
Dim instance As HMACSHA1
C#
[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
public class HMACSHA1 : HMAC
Visual C++
[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
public ref class HMACSHA1 : public HMAC
J#
/** @attribute ComVisibleAttribute(true) */
public class HMACSHA1 extends HMAC
JScript
public class HMACSHA1 extends HMAC

HMACSHA1 is a type of keyed hash algorithm that is constructed from the SHA1 hash function and used as an HMAC, or hash-based message authentication code. The HMAC process mixes a secret key with the message data, hashes the result with the hash function, mixes that hash value with the secret key again, then applies the hash function a second time. The output hash is 160 bits in length.

An HMAC can be used to determine whether a message sent over an insecure channel has been tampered with, provided that the sender and receiver share a secret key. The sender computes the hash value for the original data and sends both the original data and hash value as a single message. The receiver recalculates the hash value on the received message and checks that the computed HMAC matches the transmitted HMAC.

Any change to the data or the hash value will result in a mismatch, because knowledge of the secret key is required to change the message and reproduce the correct hash value. Therefore, if the original and computed hash values match, the message is authenticated.

The SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm, also called SHS, Secure Hash Standard) is a cryptographic hash algorithm published by the United States Government. It produces a 160-bit hash value from an arbitrary length string.

HMACSHA1 accepts keys of any size, and produces a hash sequence of length 160 bits.

The following code example shows how to encode a file using HMACSHA1 and then how to decode the file.

Visual Basic
Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Security.Cryptography



Public Class HMACSHA1example

    ' Computes a keyed hash for a source file, creates a target file with the keyed hash
    ' prepended to the contents of the source file, then decrypts the file and compares
    ' the source and the decrypted files.
    Public Shared Sub EncodeFile(ByVal key() As Byte, ByVal sourceFile As String, ByVal destFile As String)
        ' Initialize the keyed hash object.
        Dim myhmacsha1 As New HMACSHA1(key)
        Dim inStream As New FileStream(sourceFile, FileMode.Open)
        Dim outStream As New FileStream(destFile, FileMode.Create)
        ' Compute the hash of the input file.
        Dim hashValue As Byte() = myhmacsha1.ComputeHash(inStream)
        ' Reset inStream to the beginning of the file.
        inStream.Position = 0
        ' Write the computed hash value to the output file.
        outStream.Write(hashValue, 0, hashValue.Length)
        ' Copy the contents of the sourceFile to the destFile.
        Dim bytesRead As Integer
        ' read 1K at a time
        Dim buffer(1023) As Byte
        Do
            ' Read from the wrapping CryptoStream.
            bytesRead = inStream.Read(buffer, 0, 1024)
            outStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead)
        Loop While bytesRead > 0
        myhmacsha1.Clear()
        ' Close the streams
        inStream.Close()
        outStream.Close()
        Return

    End Sub


    ' Decrypt the encoded file and compare to original file.
    Public Shared Function DecodeFile(ByVal key() As Byte, ByVal sourceFile As String) As Boolean
        ' Initialize the keyed hash object. 
        Dim hmacsha1 As New HMACSHA1(key)
        ' Create an array to hold the keyed hash value read from the file.
        Dim storedHash(hmacsha1.HashSize / 8) As Byte
        ' Create a FileStream for the source file.
        Dim inStream As New FileStream(sourceFile, FileMode.Open)
        ' Read in the storedHash.
        inStream.Read(storedHash, 0, storedHash.Length)
        ' Compute the hash of the remaining contents of the file.
        ' The stream is properly positioned at the beginning of the content, 
        ' immediately after the stored hash value.
        Dim computedHash As Byte() = hmacsha1.ComputeHash(inStream)
        ' compare the computed hash with the stored value
        Dim i As Integer
        For i = 0 To storedHash.Length
            If computedHash(i) <> storedHash(i) Then
                Console.WriteLine("Hash values differ! Encoded file has been tampered with!")
                Return False
            End If
        Next i
        Console.WriteLine("Hash values agree -- no tampering occurred.")
        Return True

    End Function
    Private Const usageText As String = "Usage: HMACSHA1 inputfile.txt encryptedfile.hsh" + vbLf + "You must specify the two file names. Only the first file must exist." + vbLf

    Public Shared Sub Main(ByVal Fileargs() As String)
        'If no file names are specified, write usage text.
        If Fileargs.Length < 2 Then
            Console.WriteLine(usageText)
        Else
            Try
                ' Create a random key using a random number generator. This would be the
                '  secret key shared by sender and receiver.
                Dim secretkey() As Byte = New [Byte](63) {}
                'RNGCryptoServiceProvider is an implementation of a random number generator.
                Dim rng As New RNGCryptoServiceProvider()
                ' The array is now filled with cryptographically strong random bytes.
                rng.GetBytes(secretkey)

                ' Use the secret key to encode the message file.
                EncodeFile(secretkey, Fileargs(0), Fileargs(1))

                ' Take the encoded file and decode
                DecodeFile(secretkey, Fileargs(1))
            Catch e As IOException
                Console.WriteLine("Error: File not found", e)
            End Try
        End If

    End Sub
End Class


C#
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

public class HMACSHA1example
{
    // Computes a keyed hash for a source file, creates a target file with the keyed hash
    // prepended to the contents of the source file, then decrypts the file and compares
    // the source and the decrypted files.
    public static void EncodeFile(byte[] key, String sourceFile, String destFile)
    {
        // Initialize the keyed hash object.
        HMACSHA1 myhmacsha1 = new HMACSHA1(key);
        FileStream inStream = new FileStream(sourceFile, FileMode.Open);
        FileStream outStream = new FileStream(destFile, FileMode.Create);
        // Compute the hash of the input file.
        byte[] hashValue = myhmacsha1.ComputeHash(inStream);
        // Reset inStream to the beginning of the file.
        inStream.Position = 0;
        // Write the computed hash value to the output file.
        outStream.Write(hashValue, 0, hashValue.Length);
        // Copy the contents of the sourceFile to the destFile.
        int bytesRead;
        // read 1K at a time
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; 
        do
        {
            // Read from the wrapping CryptoStream.
            bytesRead = inStream.Read(buffer,0,1024); 
            outStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        } while (bytesRead > 0); 
        myhmacsha1.Clear();
        // Close the streams
        inStream.Close();
        outStream.Close();
        return;
    } // end EncodeFile


    // Decrypt the encoded file and compare to original file.
    public static bool DecodeFile(byte[] key, String sourceFile)
    {
        // Initialize the keyed hash object. 
        HMACSHA1 hmacsha1 = new HMACSHA1(key);
        // Create an array to hold the keyed hash value read from the file.
        byte[] storedHash = new byte[hmacsha1.HashSize/8];
        // Create a FileStream for the source file.
        FileStream inStream = new FileStream(sourceFile, FileMode.Open);
        // Read in the storedHash.
        inStream.Read(storedHash, 0, storedHash.Length);
        // Compute the hash of the remaining contents of the file.
        // The stream is properly positioned at the beginning of the content, 
        // immediately after the stored hash value.
        byte[] computedHash = hmacsha1.ComputeHash(inStream);
        // compare the computed hash with the stored value
        for (int i =0; i < storedHash.Length; i++)
        {
            if (computedHash[i] != storedHash[i])
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Hash values differ! Encoded file has been tampered with!");
                return false;
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Hash values agree -- no tampering occurred.");
        return true;
    } //end DecodeFile

    private const string usageText = "Usage: HMACSHA1 inputfile.txt encryptedfile.hsh\nYou must specify the two file names. Only the first file must exist.\n";
    public static void Main(string[] Fileargs)
    {
        //If no file names are specified, write usage text.
        if (Fileargs.Length < 2)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(usageText);
        }
        else
        {
            try
            {
                // Create a random key using a random number generator. This would be the
                //  secret key shared by sender and receiver.
                byte[] secretkey = new Byte[64];
                //RNGCryptoServiceProvider is an implementation of a random number generator.
                RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
                // The array is now filled with cryptographically strong random bytes.
                rng.GetBytes(secretkey); 

                // Use the secret key to encode the message file.
                EncodeFile(secretkey, Fileargs[0], Fileargs[1]);

                // Take the encoded file and decode
                DecodeFile(secretkey, Fileargs[1]);
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Error: File not found",e);
            }
        } //end if-else

    }  //end main
} //end class

Visual C++
using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Security::Cryptography;

// Computes a keyed hash for a source file, creates a target file with the keyed hash
// prepended to the contents of the source file, then decrypts the file and compares
// the source and the decrypted files.
void EncodeFile( array<Byte>^key, String^ sourceFile, String^ destFile )
{

   // Initialize the keyed hash object.
   HMACSHA1^ myhmacsha1 = gcnew HMACSHA1( key );
   FileStream^ inStream = gcnew FileStream( sourceFile,FileMode::Open );
   FileStream^ outStream = gcnew FileStream( destFile,FileMode::Create );

   // Compute the hash of the input file.
   array<Byte>^hashValue = myhmacsha1->ComputeHash( inStream );

   // Reset inStream to the beginning of the file.
   inStream->Position = 0;

   // Write the computed hash value to the output file.
   outStream->Write( hashValue, 0, hashValue->Length );

   // Copy the contents of the sourceFile to the destFile.
   int bytesRead;

   // read 1K at a time
   array<Byte>^buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024);
   do
   {

      // Read from the wrapping CryptoStream.
      bytesRead = inStream->Read( buffer, 0, 1024 );
      outStream->Write( buffer, 0, bytesRead );
   }
   while ( bytesRead > 0 );

   myhmacsha1->Clear();

   // Close the streams
   inStream->Close();
   outStream->Close();
   return;
} // end EncodeFile



// Decrypt the encoded file and compare to original file.
bool DecodeFile( array<Byte>^key, String^ sourceFile )
{

   // Initialize the keyed hash object. 
   HMACSHA1^ hmacsha1 = gcnew HMACSHA1( key );

   // Create an array to hold the keyed hash value read from the file.
   array<Byte>^storedHash = gcnew array<Byte>(hmacsha1->HashSize / 8);

   // Create a FileStream for the source file.
   FileStream^ inStream = gcnew FileStream( sourceFile,FileMode::Open );

   // Read in the storedHash.
   inStream->Read( storedHash, 0, storedHash->Length );

   // Compute the hash of the remaining contents of the file.
   // The stream is properly positioned at the beginning of the content, 
   // immediately after the stored hash value.
   array<Byte>^computedHash = hmacsha1->ComputeHash( inStream );

   // compare the computed hash with the stored value
   for ( int i = 0; i < storedHash->Length; i++ )
   {
      if ( computedHash[ i ] != storedHash[ i ] )
      {
         Console::WriteLine( "Hash values differ! Encoded file has been tampered with!" );
         return false;
      }

   }
   Console::WriteLine( "Hash values agree -- no tampering occurred." );
   return true;
} //end DecodeFile


int main()
{
   array<String^>^Fileargs = Environment::GetCommandLineArgs();
   String^ usageText = "Usage: HMACSHA1 inputfile.txt encryptedfile.hsh\nYou must specify the two file names. Only the first file must exist.\n";

   //If no file names are specified, write usage text.
   if ( Fileargs->Length < 3 )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( usageText );
   }
   else
   {
      try
      {

         // Create a random key using a random number generator. This would be the
         //  secret key shared by sender and receiver.
         array<Byte>^secretkey = gcnew array<Byte>(64);

         //RNGCryptoServiceProvider is an implementation of a random number generator.
         RNGCryptoServiceProvider^ rng = gcnew RNGCryptoServiceProvider;

         // The array is now filled with cryptographically strong random bytes.
         rng->GetBytes( secretkey );

         // Use the secret key to encode the message file.
         EncodeFile( secretkey, Fileargs[ 1 ], Fileargs[ 2 ] );

         // Take the encoded file and decode
         DecodeFile( secretkey, Fileargs[ 2 ] );
      }
      catch ( IOException^ e ) 
      {
         Console::WriteLine( "Error: File not found", e );
      }

   }
} //end main



J#
import System.*;
import System.IO.*;
import System.Security.Cryptography.*;

public class HMACSHA1Example
{
    // Computes a keyed hash for a source file, creates a target file with the
    // keyed hash prepended to the contents of the source file, then decrypts 
    // the file and compares the source and the decrypted files.
    public static void EncodeFile(ubyte key[], String sourceFile, 
        String destFile)
    {
        // Initialize the keyed hash object.
        HMACSHA1 myhmacsha1 = new HMACSHA1(key);
        FileStream inStream = new FileStream(sourceFile, FileMode.Open);
        FileStream outStream = new FileStream(destFile, FileMode.Create);

        // Compute the hash of the input file.
        ubyte hashValue[] = myhmacsha1.ComputeHash(inStream);

        // Reset inStream to the beginning of the file.
        inStream.set_Position(0);

        // Write the computed hash value to the output file.
        outStream.Write(hashValue, 0, hashValue.length);

        // Copy the contents of the sourceFile to the destFile.
        int bytesRead;

        // read 1K at a time
        ubyte buffer[] = new ubyte[1024];
        do {
            // Read from the wrapping CryptoStream.
            bytesRead = inStream.Read(buffer, 0, 1024);
            outStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        } while (bytesRead > 0);
        myhmacsha1.Clear();

        // Close the streams
        inStream.Close();
        outStream.Close();
        return;
    } // end EncodeFile

    // Decrypt the encoded file and compare to original file.
    public static boolean DecodeFile(ubyte key[], String sourceFile)
    {
        // Initialize the keyed hash object. 
        HMACSHA1 hmacsha1 = new HMACSHA1(key);

        // Create an array to hold the keyed hash value read from the file.
        ubyte storedHash[] = new ubyte[hmacsha1.get_HashSize() / 8];

        // Create a FileStream for the source file.
        FileStream inStream = new FileStream(sourceFile, FileMode.Open);

        // Read in the storedHash.
        inStream.Read(storedHash, 0, storedHash.length);

        // Compute the hash of the remaining contents of the file.
        // The stream is properly positioned at the beginning of the content, 
        // immediately after the stored hash value.
        ubyte computedHash[] = hmacsha1.ComputeHash(inStream);

        // compare the computed hash with the stored value
        for (int i = 0; i < storedHash.length; i++) {
            if (computedHash.get_Item(i) != storedHash.get_Item(i)) {
                Console.WriteLine("Hash values differ! Encoded file has been " 
                    + " tampered with!");
                return false;
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Hash values agree -- no tampering occurred.");
        return true;
    } //DecodeFile //end DecodeFile


    private static String usageText = "Usage: HMACSHA1 inputfile.txt " 
        + "encryptedfile.hsh\nYou must specify the two file names. Only " 
        + "the first file must exist.\n";


    public static void main(String[] fileargs)
    {
        //If no file names are specified, write usage text.
        if (fileargs.length < 2) {
            Console.WriteLine(usageText);
        }
        else {
            try {
                // Create a random key using a random number generator. This
                // would be the secret key shared by sender and receiver.
                ubyte secretKey[] = new ubyte[64];

                // RNGCryptoServiceProvider is an implementation of a random
                // number generator.
                RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();

                // The array is now filled with cryptographically strong
                // random bytes.
                rng.GetBytes(secretKey);

                // Use the secret key to encode the message file.
                EncodeFile(secretKey, fileargs[0], fileargs[1]);

                // Take the encoded file and decode
                DecodeFile(secretKey, fileargs[1]);
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                Console.WriteLine("Error: File not found", e);
            }
        }//end if-else
    } //end main
} //end class HMACSHA1Example

Any public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.

Windows Vista, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows XP Starter Edition, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2000 SP4, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows 98

The .NET Framework and .NET Compact Framework do not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.

.NET Framework

Supported in: 3.5, 3.0 SP1, 3.0, 2.0 SP1, 2.0, 1.1, 1.0
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