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.NET Framework 2.0
SqlException Class
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This page is specific to
Microsoft Visual Studio 2005/.NET Framework 2.0

Other versions are also available for the following:
.NET Framework Class Library
SqlException Class

The exception that is thrown when SQL Server returns a warning or error. This class cannot be inherited.

Namespace: System.Data.SqlClient
Assembly: System.Data (in system.data.dll)

Visual Basic (Declaration)
<SerializableAttribute> _
Public NotInheritable Class SqlException
    Inherits DbException
Visual Basic (Usage)
Dim instance As SqlException
C#
[SerializableAttribute] 
public sealed class SqlException : DbException
C++
[SerializableAttribute] 
public ref class SqlException sealed : public DbException
J#
/** @attribute SerializableAttribute() */ 
public final class SqlException extends DbException
JScript
SerializableAttribute 
public final class SqlException extends DbException

This class is created whenever the .NET Framework Data Provider for SQL Server encounters an error generated from the server. (Client side errors are thrown as standard common language runtime exceptions.) SqlException always contains at least one instance of SqlError.

Messages that have a severity level of 10 or less are informational and indicate problems caused by mistakes in information that a user has entered. Severity levels from 11 through 16 are generated by the user, and can be corrected by the user. Severity levels from 17 through 25 indicate software or hardware errors. When a level 17, 18, or 19 error occurs, you can continue working, although you might not be able to execute a particular statement.

The SqlConnection remains open when the severity level is 19 or less. When the severity level is 20 or greater, the server ordinarily closes the SqlConnection. However, the user can reopen the connection and continue. In both cases, a SqlException is generated by the method executing the command.

For information about the warning and informational messages sent by SQL Server, see the Troubleshooting section of SQL Server Books Online. The SqlException class maps to SQL Server severity.

The following example generates a SqlException and then displays the exception.

Visual Basic
Public Sub ShowSqlException(ByVal connectionString As String)
    Dim queryString As String = "EXECUTE NonExistantStoredProcedure"
    Dim errorMessages As New StringBuilder()

    Using connection As New SqlConnection(connectionString)
        Dim command As New SqlCommand(queryString, connection)

        Try
            command.Connection.Open()
            command.ExecuteNonQuery()

        Catch ex As SqlException
            Dim i As Integer
            For i = 0 To ex.Errors.Count - 1
                errorMessages.Append("Index #" & i.ToString() & ControlChars.NewLine _
                    & "Message: " & ex.Errors(i).Message & ControlChars.NewLine _
                    & "LineNumber: " & ex.Errors(i).LineNumber & ControlChars.NewLine _
                    & "Source: " & ex.Errors(i).Source & ControlChars.NewLine _
                    & "Procedure: " & ex.Errors(i).Procedure & ControlChars.NewLine)
            Next i
            Console.WriteLine(errorMessages.ToString())
        End Try
    End Using
End Sub
C#
public static void ShowSqlException(string connectionString)
{
    string queryString = "EXECUTE NonExistantStoredProcedure";
    StringBuilder errorMessages = new StringBuilder();
    
    using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
    {
        SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(queryString, connection);
        try
        {
            command.Connection.Open();
            command.ExecuteNonQuery();
        
        catch (SqlException ex)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < ex.Errors.Count; i++)
            {
                errorMessages.Append("Index #" + i + "\n" +
                    "Message: " + ex.Errors[i].Message + "\n" +
                    "LineNumber: " + ex.Errors[i].LineNumber + "\n" +
                    "Source: " + ex.Errors[i].Source + "\n" +
                    "Procedure: " + ex.Errors[i].Procedure + "\n");
            
            Console.WriteLine(errorMessages.ToString());
        
    
System.Object
   System.Exception
     System.SystemException
       System.Runtime.InteropServices.ExternalException
         System.Data.Common.DbException
          System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException
Any public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.

Windows 98, Windows 2000 SP4, Windows CE, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows Mobile for Pocket PC, Windows Mobile for Smartphone, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Starter Edition

The .NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see System Requirements.

.NET Framework

Supported in: 2.0, 1.1, 1.0

.NET Compact Framework

Supported in: 2.0, 1.0
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How to understand the error information in an SqlException      luxspes   |   Edit   |   Show History
To understand the error information in an SqlException the list of Database Engine Events and Errors ( http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms365212.aspx ) is very helpful.
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