' Example of the Convert.ToInt32( String ) and 
' Convert.ToInt32( String, IFormatProvider ) methods.
Imports System
Imports System.Globalization
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic

Module ToInt32ProviderDemo

    Dim format As String = "{0,-20}{1,-20}{2}"

    ' Get the exception type name; remove the namespace prefix.
    Function GetExceptionType( ex As Exception ) As String

        Dim exceptionType   As String = ex.GetType( ).ToString( )
        Return exceptionType.Substring( _
            exceptionType.LastIndexOf( "."c ) + 1 )
    End Function

    Sub ConvertToInt32( numericStr As String, _
        provider As IFormatProvider )

        Dim defaultValue    As Object
        Dim providerValue   As Object

        ' Convert numericStr to Int32 without a format provider.
        Try
            defaultValue = Convert.ToInt32( numericStr )
        Catch ex As Exception
            defaultValue = GetExceptionType( ex )
        End Try

        ' Convert numericStr to Int32 with a format provider.
        Try
            providerValue = Convert.ToInt32( numericStr, provider )
        Catch ex As Exception
            providerValue = GetExceptionType( ex )
        End Try

        Console.WriteLine( format, numericStr, _
            defaultValue, providerValue )
    End Sub

    Sub Main( )

        ' Create a NumberFormatInfo object and set several of its
        ' properties that apply to numbers.
        Dim provider  As NumberFormatInfo = new NumberFormatInfo( )

        ' These properties affect the conversion.
        provider.NegativeSign = "neg "
        provider.PositiveSign = "pos "

        ' These properties do not affect the conversion.
        ' The input string cannot have decimal and group separators.
        provider.NumberDecimalSeparator = "."
        provider.NumberGroupSeparator = ","
        provider.NumberGroupSizes = New Integer( ) { 3 }
        provider.NumberNegativePattern = 0

        Console.WriteLine( "This example of" & vbCrLf & _
            "  Convert.ToInt32( String ) and " & vbCrLf & _
            "  Convert.ToInt32( String, IFormatProvider ) " & _
            vbCrLf & "generates the following output. It " & _
            "converts several strings to " & vbCrLf & "Integer " & _
            "values, using default formatting " & _
            "or a NumberFormatInfo object." & vbCrLf )
        Console.WriteLine( format, "String to convert", _
            "Default/exception", "Provider/exception" )
        Console.WriteLine( format, "-----------------", _
            "-----------------", "------------------" )

        ' Convert strings, with and without an IFormatProvider.
        ConvertToInt32( "123456789", provider )
        ConvertToInt32( "+123456789", provider )
        ConvertToInt32( "pos 123456789", provider )
        ConvertToInt32( "-123456789", provider )
        ConvertToInt32( "neg 123456789", provider )
        ConvertToInt32( "123456789.", provider )
        ConvertToInt32( "123,456,789", provider )
        ConvertToInt32( "(123456789)", provider )
        ConvertToInt32( "2147483648", provider )
        ConvertToInt32( "-2147483649", provider )
    End Sub 
End Module 

' This example of
'   Convert.ToInt32( String ) and
'   Convert.ToInt32( String, IFormatProvider )
' generates the following output. It converts several strings to
' Integer values, using default formatting or a NumberFormatInfo object.
' 
' String to convert   Default/exception   Provider/exception
' -----------------   -----------------   ------------------
' 123456789           123456789           123456789
' +123456789          123456789           FormatException
' pos 123456789       FormatException     123456789
' -123456789          -123456789          FormatException
' neg 123456789       FormatException     -123456789
' 123456789.          FormatException     FormatException
' 123,456,789         FormatException     FormatException
' (123456789)         FormatException     FormatException
' 2147483648          OverflowException   OverflowException
' -2147483649         OverflowException   FormatException

// Example of the Convert.ToInt32( string ) and 
// Convert.ToInt32( string, IFormatProvider ) methods.
using System;
using System.Globalization;

class ToInt32ProviderDemo
{
    static string format = "{0,-20}{1,-20}{2}";

     // Get the exception type name; remove the namespace prefix.
    static string GetExceptionType( Exception ex )
    {
        string exceptionType = ex.GetType( ).ToString( );
        return exceptionType.Substring( 
            exceptionType.LastIndexOf( '.' ) + 1 );
    }

    static void ConvertToInt32( string numericStr, 
        IFormatProvider provider )
    {
        object defaultValue;
        object providerValue;

        // Convert numericStr to Int32 without a format provider.
        try
        {
            defaultValue = Convert.ToInt32( numericStr );
        }
        catch( Exception ex )
        {
            defaultValue = GetExceptionType( ex );
        }

        // Convert numericStr to Int32 with a format provider.
        try
        {
            providerValue = Convert.ToInt32( numericStr, provider );
        }
        catch( Exception ex )
        {
            providerValue = GetExceptionType( ex );
        }

        Console.WriteLine( format, numericStr, 
            defaultValue, providerValue );
    }

    public static void Main( )
    {
        // Create a NumberFormatInfo object and set several of its
        // properties that apply to numbers.
        NumberFormatInfo provider = new NumberFormatInfo();

        // These properties affect the conversion.
        provider.NegativeSign = "neg ";
        provider.PositiveSign = "pos ";

        // These properties do not affect the conversion.
        // The input string cannot have decimal and group separators.
        provider.NumberDecimalSeparator = ".";
        provider.NumberGroupSeparator = ",";
        provider.NumberGroupSizes = new int[ ] { 3 };
        provider.NumberNegativePattern = 0;

        Console.WriteLine("This example of\n" +
            "  Convert.ToInt32( string ) and \n" +
            "  Convert.ToInt32( string, IFormatProvider ) " +
            "\ngenerates the following output. It converts " +
            "several strings to \nint values, using " +
            "default formatting or a NumberFormatInfo object.\n" );
        Console.WriteLine( format, "String to convert", 
            "Default/exception", "Provider/exception" );
        Console.WriteLine( format, "-----------------", 
            "-----------------", "------------------" );

        // Convert strings, with and without an IFormatProvider.
        ConvertToInt32( "123456789", provider );
        ConvertToInt32( "+123456789", provider );
        ConvertToInt32( "pos 123456789", provider );
        ConvertToInt32( "-123456789", provider );
        ConvertToInt32( "neg 123456789", provider );
        ConvertToInt32( "123456789.", provider );
        ConvertToInt32( "123,456,789", provider );
        ConvertToInt32( "(123456789)", provider );
        ConvertToInt32( "2147483648", provider );
        ConvertToInt32( "-2147483649", provider );
    }
}

/*
This example of
  Convert.ToInt32( string ) and
  Convert.ToInt32( string, IFormatProvider )
generates the following output. It converts several strings to
int values, using default formatting or a NumberFormatInfo object.

String to convert   Default/exception   Provider/exception
-----------------   -----------------   ------------------
123456789           123456789           123456789
+123456789          123456789           FormatException
pos 123456789       FormatException     123456789
-123456789          -123456789          FormatException
neg 123456789       FormatException     -123456789
123456789.          FormatException     FormatException
123,456,789         FormatException     FormatException
(123456789)         FormatException     FormatException
2147483648          OverflowException   OverflowException
-2147483649         OverflowException   FormatException
*/ 

// Example of the Convert::ToInt32( String* ) and 
// Convert::ToInt32( String*, IFormatProvider* ) methods.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Globalization;
const __wchar_t * protoFmt = L"{0,-20}{1,-20}{2}";

// Get the exception type name; remove the namespace prefix.
String^ GetExceptionType( Exception^ ex )
{
   String^ exceptionType = ex->GetType()->ToString();
   return exceptionType->Substring( exceptionType->LastIndexOf( '.' ) + 1 );
}

void ConvertToInt32( String^ numericStr, IFormatProvider^ provider )
{
   Object^ defaultValue;
   Object^ providerValue;
   
   // Convert numericStr to Int32 without a format provider.
   try
   {
      defaultValue = Convert::ToInt32( numericStr );
   }
   catch ( Exception^ ex ) 
   {
      defaultValue = GetExceptionType( ex );
   }

   
   // Convert numericStr to Int32 with a format provider.
   try
   {
      providerValue = Convert::ToInt32( numericStr, provider );
   }
   catch ( Exception^ ex ) 
   {
      providerValue = GetExceptionType( ex );
   }

   Console::WriteLine( gcnew String( protoFmt ), numericStr, defaultValue, providerValue );
}

int main()
{
   
   // Create a NumberFormatInfo object and set several of its
   // properties that apply to numbers.
   NumberFormatInfo^ provider = gcnew NumberFormatInfo;
   
   // These properties affect the conversion.
   provider->NegativeSign = "neg ";
   provider->PositiveSign = "pos ";
   
   // These properties do not affect the conversion.
   // The input string cannot have decimal and group separators.
   provider->NumberDecimalSeparator = ".";
   provider->NumberGroupSeparator = ",";
   array<Int32>^sizes = {3};
   provider->NumberGroupSizes = sizes;
   provider->NumberNegativePattern = 0;
   Console::WriteLine( "This example of\n"
   "  Convert::ToInt32( String* ) and \n"
   "  Convert::ToInt32( String*, IFormatProvider* ) "
   "\ngenerates the following output. It converts "
   "several strings to \nint values, using "
   "default formatting or a NumberFormatInfo object.\n" );
   Console::WriteLine( gcnew String( protoFmt ), "String to convert", "Default/exception", "Provider/exception" );
   Console::WriteLine( gcnew String( protoFmt ), "-----------------", "-----------------", "------------------" );
   
   // Convert strings, with and without an IFormatProvider.
   ConvertToInt32( "123456789", provider );
   ConvertToInt32( "+123456789", provider );
   ConvertToInt32( "pos 123456789", provider );
   ConvertToInt32( "-123456789", provider );
   ConvertToInt32( "neg 123456789", provider );
   ConvertToInt32( "123456789.", provider );
   ConvertToInt32( "123,456,789", provider );
   ConvertToInt32( "(123456789)", provider );
   ConvertToInt32( "2147483648", provider );
   ConvertToInt32( "-2147483649", provider );
}

/*
This example of
  Convert::ToInt32( String* ) and
  Convert::ToInt32( String*, IFormatProvider* )
generates the following output. It converts several strings to
int values, using default formatting or a NumberFormatInfo object.

String to convert   Default/exception   Provider/exception
-----------------   -----------------   ------------------
123456789           123456789           123456789
+123456789          123456789           FormatException
pos 123456789       FormatException     123456789
-123456789          -123456789          FormatException
neg 123456789       FormatException     -123456789
123456789.          FormatException     FormatException
123,456,789         FormatException     FormatException
(123456789)         FormatException     FormatException
2147483648          OverflowException   OverflowException
-2147483649         OverflowException   FormatException
*/

// Example of the Convert.ToInt32( string ) and 
// Convert.ToInt32( string, IFormatProvider ) methods.
import System.* ;
import System.Globalization.* ;

class ToInt32ProviderDemo
{
    private static String format = "{0,-20}{1,-20}{2}";   
   
    // Get the exception type name; remove the namespace prefix.
    static String GetExceptionType(System.Exception ex) 
    {
        String exceptionType = ex.GetType().ToString();
        return exceptionType.Substring((exceptionType.LastIndexOf('.') + 1)) ;
    } //GetExceptionType   
   
    static void ConvertToInt32(String numericStr, IFormatProvider provider) 
    {
        Object defaultValue;
        Object providerValue;
      
        // Convert numericStr to Int32 without a format provider.
        try {
            defaultValue = System.Convert.ToString(Convert.ToInt32(numericStr));
        }
        catch(System.Exception  ex) {      
            defaultValue = GetExceptionType(ex);
        }
      
        // Convert numericStr to Int32 with a format provider.
        try {
            providerValue = System.Convert.ToString(
                            Convert.ToInt32(numericStr, provider));
        }
        catch(System.Exception  ex) {      
            providerValue = GetExceptionType(ex);
        }
      
        Console.WriteLine(format, numericStr, defaultValue, providerValue);
     } //ConvertToInt32
      
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    
        // Create a NumberFormatInfo object and set several of its
        // properties that apply to numbers.
        NumberFormatInfo provider =  new NumberFormatInfo();
      
        // These properties affect the conversion.
        provider.set_NegativeSign("neg ");
        provider.set_PositiveSign("pos ");
      
        // These properties do not affect the conversion.
        // The input string cannot have decimal and group separators.
        provider.set_NumberDecimalSeparator(".");
        provider.set_NumberGroupSeparator(",");
        provider.set_NumberGroupSizes(new int[]{3});
        provider.set_NumberNegativePattern(0);
      
        Console.WriteLine(("This example of\n" 
            + "  Convert.ToInt32( string ) and \n" 
            + "  Convert.ToInt32( string, IFormatProvider ) " 
            + "\ngenerates the following output. It converts " 
            + "several strings to \nint values, using " 
            + "default formatting or a NumberFormatInfo object.\n"));
        Console.WriteLine(format, "String to convert", "Default/exception",
            "Provider/exception");
        Console.WriteLine(format, "-----------------", "-----------------", 
            "------------------");
       
        // Convert strings, with and without an IFormatProvider.
        ConvertToInt32("123456789", provider);
        ConvertToInt32("+123456789", provider);
        ConvertToInt32("pos 123456789", provider);
        ConvertToInt32("-123456789", provider);
        ConvertToInt32("neg 123456789", provider);
        ConvertToInt32("123456789.", provider);
        ConvertToInt32("123,456,789", provider);
        ConvertToInt32("(123456789)", provider);
        ConvertToInt32("2147483648", provider);
        ConvertToInt32("-2147483649", provider);
    } //main
} //ToInt32ProviderDemo

/*
This example of
  Convert.ToInt32( string ) and
  Convert.ToInt32( string, IFormatProvider )
generates the following output. It converts several strings to
int values, using default formatting or a NumberFormatInfo object.

String to convert   Default/exception   Provider/exception
-----------------   -----------------   ------------------
123456789           123456789           123456789
+123456789          123456789           FormatException
pos 123456789       FormatException     123456789
-123456789          -123456789          FormatException
neg 123456789       FormatException     -123456789
123456789.          FormatException     FormatException
123,456,789         FormatException     FormatException
(123456789)         FormatException     FormatException
2147483648          OverflowException   OverflowException
-2147483649         OverflowException   FormatException
*/