26 X

X.509: An ITU-T standard for public key infrastructure subsequently adapted by the IETF, as specified in [RFC3280].

XML: The Extensible Markup Language, as described in [XML1.0].

XML attribute: A name/value pair, separated by an equal sign (=) and included in a tagged element, that modifies features of an element. All XML attribute values are stored as strings enclosed in quotation marks.

XML decode: A process that is used to convert encoded XML content to its original form.

XML document: A document object that is well formed, as described in [XML], and might be valid. An XML document has a logical structure that is composed of declarations, elements, comments, character references, and processing instructions. It also has a physical structure that is composed of entities, starting with the root, or document, entity.

XML element: An XML structure that typically consists of a start tag, an end tag, and the information between those tags. Elements can have attributes (1) and can contain other elements.

XML encode: A process that is used to convert XML content from one code to another to use that content without affecting the structure or validity of an XML document.

XML fragment: Lines of text that adhere to XML tag rules, as described in [XML], but do not have a Document Type Definition (DTD) or schema, processing instructions, or any other header information.

XML Information Set (Infoset): An abstract data set that provides a consistent set of definitions for use in specifications that refer to the information in a well-formed XML document, as described in [XMLINFOSET].

XML map: A feature that is used to import data from databases and applications and to map XML elements and attributes (1) from the associated XML schema to cells in a worksheet. The revised XML data can then be exported for interaction with other databases and applications.

XML namespace: A collection of names that is used to identify elements, types, and attributes in XML documents identified in a URI reference [RFC3986]. A combination of XML namespace and local name allows XML documents to use elements, types, and attributes that have the same names but come from different sources. For more information, see [XMLNS-2ED].

XML namespace prefix: An abbreviated form of an XML namespace, as described in [XML].

XML node: The smallest unit of a valid, complete structure in an XML document. For example, a node can represent an element, an attribute (1), or a text string.

XML Paper Specification (XPS): A Microsoft XML-based document format introduced in Windows Vista. XML Paper Specification (XPS) specifies the set of conventions for the use of XML and other widely available technologies to describe the content and appearance of paginated documents. For more information, see [MSFT-XMLPAPER].

XML Path Language (XPath): A language used to create expressions that can address parts of an XML document, manipulate strings, numbers, and Booleans, and can match a set of nodes in the document, as specified in [XPATH]. XPath models an XML document as a tree of nodes of different types, including element, attribute, and text. XPath expressions can identify the nodes in an XML document based on their type, name, and values, as well as the relationship of a node to other nodes in the document.

XML schema: A description of a type of XML document that is typically expressed in terms of constraints on the structure and content of documents of that type, in addition to the basic syntax constraints that are imposed by XML itself. An XML schema provides a view of a document type at a relatively high level of abstraction.

XML Schema (XSD): A language that defines the elements, attributes, namespaces, and data types for XML documents as defined by [XMLSCHEMA1/2] and [W3C-XSD] standards. An XML schema uses XML syntax for its language.

XML schema definition (XSD): The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard language that is used in defining XML schemas. Schemas are useful for enforcing structure and constraining the types of data that can be used validly within other XML documents. XML schema definition refers to the fully specified and currently recommended standard for use in authoring XML schemas.

XML schema document: See XML schema.

XMLHTTPRequest (XHR): A software component that is used by browser-based scripts to transfer data between a web browser and a web server.

XOR obfuscation: A type of file encryption that helps protect private data by using an exclusive or bitwise operation. This is done by adding a mathematical expression that prevents a simple reverse-engineering process.

XPath expression: An expression that searches an71 XML document and can extract and manipulate data in elements or attributes (1) within that document.

XSL: See Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL).

XSL Transformation (XSLT): A declarative, XML-based language that is used to present or transform XML data. It is designed for use as part of the Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL).