23 U

UI culture: The language that is used to display strings and graphical elements in a user interface.

UNC volume: A storage device that is accessible by network protocols and addressed in the standard Universal Naming Convention format, for example, "\\Server Name\Share Name".

uncustomized: A condition of a document whose content is stored in a location other than the content database. If a document is uncustomized, the front-end web server determines the location of the content by using the SetupPath value for the document. Also referred to as ghosted.

unghosted: (1) See customized (1).

(2) See customized (2).

unicast: (1) A delivery method used by media servers for providing content to connected clients in which each client receives a discrete stream that no other client has access to.

(2) A style of resource location or a data transmission in which a client makes a request to a single party.

(3) The process of sending traffic to a unique address. Unicast routing is the process of forwarding unicasted traffic from a source to a destination on an internetwork.

Unicode: (1) A character encoding standard developed by the Unicode Consortium that represents almost all of the written languages of the world. The Unicode standard provides three forms (UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32) and seven schemes (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16 BE, UTF-16 LE, UTF-32, UTF-32 LE, and UTF-32 BE).

(2) A character encoding standard developed by the Unicode Consortium that represents almost all of the written languages of the world. The Unicode standard [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] provides three forms (UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32) and seven schemes (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16 BE, UTF-16 LE, UTF-32, UTF-32 LE, and UTF-32 BE).

(3) The set of characters as defined by [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] that is encoded in UCS-2.

Unicode character: Unless otherwise specified, a 16-bit UTF-16 code unit.

Unicode code point: Any value in the Unicode codespace, which is a range of integers from "0" to "10FFFF16". Each code point is a unique positive integer that maps to a specific character.

Unicode string: A Unicode 8-bit string is an ordered sequence of 8-bit units, a Unicode 16-bit string is an ordered sequence of 16-bit code units, and a Unicode 32-bit string is an ordered sequence of 32-bit code units. In some cases, it may be acceptable not to terminate with a terminating null character. Unless otherwise specified, all Unicode strings follow the UTF-16LE encoding scheme with no Byte Order Mark (BOM).

Unified Communications: A system that integrates platforms for communications including email, voice mail, telephony, instant messaging, and voice and video conferencing.

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): A string that identifies a resource. The URI is the Web service addressing mechanism defined in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax [RFC3986].

Uniform Resource Locator (URL): A string of characters in a standardized format that identifies a document or resource on the World Wide Web. The format is as specified in [RFC1738].

Uniform Resource Name (URN): (1) A string that identifies a persistent Internet resource, as described in [RFC2141]. A URN can provide a mechanism for locating and retrieving a schema file that defines a specific namespace. Although a URL can provide similar functionality, a URN can refer to more than one URL and is not location-dependent.

(2) This term is used as specified in [RFC1737].

unique identifier (UID): A pair consisting of a GUID and a version sequence number to identify each resource uniquely. The UID is used to track the object for its entire lifetime through any number of times that the object is modified or renamed.

Universal Data Connection (.udc, .udcx) file: An XML file that has a .udc or .udcx file name extension that contains user credentials and other authentication information that is used to connect to a data source.

universal group: An Active Directorygroup that allows user objects, global groups, and universal groups from anywhere in the forest as members. A group object g is a universal group if and only if GROUP_TYPE_UNIVERSAL_GROUP is present in g! groupType. A security-enabled universal group is valid for inclusion within ACLs anywhere in the forest. If a domain is in mixed mode, then a universal group cannot be created in that domain. See also domain local group, security-enabled group.

Universal Naming Convention (UNC): A string format that specifies the location of a resource. For more information, see [MS-DTYP] section 2.2.57.

universal serial bus (USB): An external bus that supports Plug and Play installation. It allows devices to be connected and disconnected without shutting down or restarting the computer.

universally unique identifier (UUID): A 128-bit value. UUIDs can be used for multiple purposes, from tagging objects with an extremely short lifetime, to reliably identifying very persistent objects in cross-process communication such as client and server interfaces, manager entry-point vectors, and RPC objects. UUIDs are highly likely to be unique. UUIDs are also known as a globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) and these terms are used interchangeably in the Microsoft protocol technical documents (TDs). Interchanging the usage of these terms does not imply or require a specific algorithm or mechanism to generate the UUID. Specifically, the use of this term does not imply or require that the algorithms described in [RFC4122] or [C706] must be used for generating the UUID.

unmarshal: (1) The process of deserializing one or more data structures from an octet stream using a specific transfer syntax (for example, unmarshaling a 32-bit integer).

(2) In remote procedure call (RPC), the process of decoding one or more data structures from an octet stream using a specific RPC Transfer Syntax.

up bar: See up-down bar.

update: (1) An add, modify, or delete of one or more objects or attribute values. See originating update, replicated update.

(2) The combination of metadata and associated content for a software update. An update is identified by a GUID.

(3) The set of metadata pertaining to a file or file deletion. The main fields in an update consist of the unique identifier (UID), global version sequence number (GVSN), file name, file attributes, and flags indicating whether the update is for an existing file, or for a file deletion.

UPDATE: The set of metadata pertaining to a file or file deletion. The main fields in an update consist of the unique identifier (UID), global version sequence number (GVSN), file name, file attributes, and flags indicating whether the update is for an existing file, or for a file deletion.

update server: A computer that implements the Windows Update Services: Server-Server Protocol or the Windows Server Update Services: Client-Server Protocol to provide updates to client computers and other update servers.

Updater: A type of MethodInstance that can be called to update an EntityInstance identified by a specified EntityInstanceId. The set of Fields (4) that is required to update the EntityInstance is referred to as the Updater View.

up-down bar: A vertical bar that highlights the difference between data points in a line chart that contains more than one data series.

upgrade evaluation site collection: A copy of the current site collection, used to evaluate the functionality of a site collection after it is upgraded.

URI fragment: The portion of a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that allows indirect identification of a secondary resource by reference to a primary resource and additional identifying information, as described in [RFC3986]. A fragment component is indicated by a number sign (#) and is terminated by the end of the URI.

URI query: The portion of a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that, in conjunction with the data in the path component, identifies a resource within the scope of a URI's scheme and naming authority, if any, as described in [RFC3986]. A query component is indicated by the first question mark (?) character and is terminated by a number sign (#) or the end of the URI.

URI scheme: The portion of a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that refers to a specification for assigning identifiers within the URI, as described in [RFC3986].

URL encode: The process of encoding characters that have reserved meanings for a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), as described in [RFC1738].

URL moniker: A Component Object Model (COM) object that stores a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) as a string, based on either a full URL or the combination of a base URL and a partial URL string.

URL space: A list of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) that contains information about the links from each URL to other URLs.

URL zone: A specific base Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that can be used to access a resource within a web application (1). A web application can have multiple URL zones.

user: (1) A person who employs a web browser requestor to access a WS resource.

(2) The real person who has a member account. The user is authenticated by being asked to prove knowledge of the secret password associated with the user name.

user account directory path: A string representation of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) distinguished name for an AD DS container. It defines a set of users, as described in [RFC4514].

user agent: An HTTP user agent, as specified in [RFC2616].

user agent client (UAC): A logical entity that creates a new request, and then uses the client transaction state machinery to send it. The role of UAC lasts only for the duration of that transaction. In other words, if a piece of software initiates a request, it acts as a UAC for the duration of that transaction. If it receives a request later, it assumes the role of a user agent server (UAS) for the processing of that transaction.

user agent server (UAS): A logical entity that generates a response to a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) request. The response either accepts, rejects, or redirects the request. The role of the UAS lasts only for the duration of that transaction. If a process responds to a request, it acts as a UAS for that transaction. If it initiates a request later, it assumes the role of a user agent client (UAC) for that transaction.

user code: Managed code that can be uploaded to a site by a site collection administrator, without approval from the server farm administrator. It cannot access code or data on other site collections.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP): The connectionless protocol within TCP/IP that corresponds to the transport layer in the ISO/OSI reference model.

user display name: A user profile property that contains the preferred name of a user. See also display name.

user identifier: An integer that uniquely identifies a security principal (2) as distinct from all other security principals (2) and site groups within the same site collection.

user information list: A list that contains items, each of which represents a security principal (2) in a site collection. Each site collection has only one such list and it resides in the top-level site of the site collection.

user interface (UI) version: A single 4-byte integer that stores the version number that appears as a document version number in the user interface. The lower 9 bits correspond to the minor version number of the displayed version. The remaining 23 bits correspond to the major version number of the displayed version. See also displayed version.

user name: A unique name that identifies a specific user account. The user name of an account is unique among the other group names and user names within its own domain or workgroup.

user object: An object of class user. A user object is a security principal object; the principal is a person or service entity running on the computer. The shared secret allows the person or service entity to authenticate itself, as described in ([MS-AUTHSOD] section 1.1.1.1).

user principal name (UPN): A user account name (sometimes referred to as the user logon name) and a domain name that identifies the domain in which the user account is located. This is the standard usage for logging on to a Windows domain. The format is:someone@example.com (in the form of an email address). In Active Directory, the userPrincipalName attribute (2) of the account object, as described in [MS-ADTS].

user profile: A collection of properties that pertain to a specific person or entity within a portal site.

user profile import: The process of importing records from a directory service (DS) to a user profile store.

user profile privacy policy: A set of rules that governs all interactions with user profiles.

User Profile Service: A data source that stores, provides, and applies information about users.

user profile store: A database that stores information about each user profile.

User-Agent header: An HTTP request-header field, as described in [RFC2616]. It contains information about the user agent that originated a request.

user-agent string: A string that identifies the protocol client that is initiating a request, as described in [RFC2616].

UserContextFilter: A FilterDescriptor type that is used when querying a line-of-business (LOB) system. Its value can be set automatically by a protocol client to the identity of the user who is calling the LOB system. This value can then be used by the LOB system to authorize and filter the results that are returned.

UserCultureFilter: A FilterDescriptor type that is used when querying a line-of-business (LOB) system. Its value specifies the locale that is used by the application initiating the call.

user-defined function (UDF): A function that is coded in a VBA module, macro sheet, add-in, or Excel Linked Library (XLL). A UDF can be used in formulas to return values to a worksheet, similar to built-in functions.

UsernameCredentialFilter: A FilterDescriptor type that is used when querying a line-of-business (LOB) system and can hold the user name of an account that is defined in that system. When used in conjunction with PasswordCredentialFilter, the LOB system can use its value to restrict access to data.

UserProfileFilter: A FilterDescriptor type that is used when querying a line-of-business (LOB) system and whose value can be obtained by examining the current user's profile. The LOB system can use its value to filter the results that are returned.

UTC (Coordinated Universal Time): A high-precision atomic time standard that approximately tracks Universal Time (UT). It is the basis for legal, civil time all over the Earth. Time zones around the world are expressed as positive and negative offsets from UTC. In this role, it is also referred to as Zulu time (Z) and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). In these specifications, all references to UTC refer to the time at UTC–0 (or GMT).

UTF-16: A standard for encoding Unicode characters, defined in the Unicode standard, in which the most commonly used characters are defined as double-byte characters. Unless specified otherwise, this term refers to the UTF-16 encoding form specified in [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] section 3.9.

UTF-16LE: The Unicode Transformation Format - 16-bit, Little Endian encoding scheme. It is used to encode Unicode characters as a sequence of 16-bit codes, each encoded as two 8-bit bytes with the least-significant byte first.

UTF-8: A byte-oriented standard for encoding Unicode characters, defined in the Unicode standard. Unless specified otherwise, this term refers to the UTF-8 encoding form specified in [UNICODE5.0.0/2007] section 3.9.