If you have the files you need to deploy in a subfolder of your unit test project, you need to specify the project-relative path in the DeploymentItem attribute as such:
[DeploymentItem(@"Foo\Bar\TestFile.txt")]
But when you reference that file within the unit test, the "Foo" and "Bar" folders won't exist in the output directory, so you need to just reference the file as such:
var stream = new FileStream(@"TestFile.txt", FileMode.Open)