Imports System
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Public Class Example

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        ' Create the link list.
        Dim words() As String = {"the", "fox", _
            "jumped", "over", "the", "dog"}
        Dim sentence As New LinkedList(Of String)(words)
        Console.WriteLine("sentence.Contains(""jumped"") = {0}", _
            sentence.Contains("jumped"))
        Display(sentence, "The linked list values:")
        ' Add the word 'today' to the beginning of the linked list.
        sentence.AddFirst("today")
        Display(sentence, "Test 1: Add 'today' to beginning of the list:")
        ' Move the first node to be the last node.
        Dim mark1 As LinkedListNode(Of String) = sentence.First
        sentence.RemoveFirst()
        sentence.AddLast(mark1)
        Display(sentence, "Test 2: Move first node to be last node:")
        ' Change the last node be 'yesterday'.
        sentence.RemoveLast()
        sentence.AddLast("yesterday")
        Display(sentence, "Test 3: Change the last node to 'yesterday':")
        ' Move the last node to be the first node.
        mark1 = sentence.Last
        sentence.RemoveLast()
        sentence.AddFirst(mark1)
        Display(sentence, "Test 4: Move last node to be first node:")
        ' Indicate, by using parentheisis, the last occurence of 'the'.
        sentence.RemoveFirst()
        Dim current As LinkedListNode(Of String) = sentence.FindLast("the")
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 5: Indicate last occurence of 'the':")
        ' Add 'lazy' and 'old' after 'the' (the LinkedListNode named current).
        sentence.AddAfter(current, "old")
        sentence.AddAfter(current, "lazy")
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 6: Add 'lazy' and 'old' after 'the':")
        ' Indicate 'fox' node.
        current = sentence.Find("fox")
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 7: Indicate the 'fox' node:")
        ' Add 'quick' and 'brown' before 'fox':
        sentence.AddBefore(current, "quick")
        sentence.AddBefore(current, "brown")
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 8: Add 'quick' and 'brown' before 'fox':")
        ' Keep a reference to the current node, 'fox',
        ' and to the previous node in the list. Indicate the 'dog' node.
        mark1 = current
        Dim mark2 As LinkedListNode(Of String) = current.Previous
        current = sentence.Find("dog")
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 9: Indicate the 'dog' node:")
        ' The AddBefore method throws an InvalidOperationException
        ' if you try to add a node that already belongs to a list.
        Console.WriteLine("Test 10: Throw exception by adding node (fox) already in the list:")
        Try
            sentence.AddBefore(current, mark1)
        Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
            Console.WriteLine("Exception message: {0}", ex.Message)
        End Try
        Console.WriteLine()
        ' Remove the node referred to by mark1, and then add it
        ' before the node referred to by current.
        ' Indicate the node referred to by current.
        sentence.Remove(mark1)
        sentence.AddBefore(current, mark1)
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 11: Move a referenced node (fox) before the current node (dog):")
        ' Remove the node referred to by current. 
        sentence.Remove(current)
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 12: Remove current node (dog) and attempt to indicate it:")
        ' Add the node after the node referred to by mark2.
        sentence.AddAfter(mark2, current)
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 13: Add node removed in test 11 after a referenced node (brown):")
        ' The Remove method finds and removes the
        ' first node that that has the specified value.
        sentence.Remove("old")
        Display(sentence, "Test 14: Remove node that has the value 'old':")
        ' When the linked list is cast to ICollection(Of String),
        ' the Add method adds a node to the end of the list.
        sentence.RemoveLast()
        Dim icoll As ICollection(Of String) = sentence
        icoll.Add("rhinoceros")
        Display(sentence, "Test 15: Remove last node, cast to ICollection, and add 'rhinoceros':")
        Console.WriteLine("Test 16: Copy the list to an array:")
        ' Create an array with the same number of
        ' elements as the inked list.
        Dim sArray() As String = New String((sentence.Count) - 1) {}
        sentence.CopyTo(sArray, 0)
        For Each s As String In sArray
            Console.WriteLine(s)
        Next
        ' Release all the nodes.
        sentence.Clear()
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine("Test 17: Clear linked list. Contains 'jumped' = {0}", sentence.Contains("jumped"))
        Console.ReadLine()
    End Sub

    Private Shared Sub Display(ByVal words As LinkedList(Of String), ByVal test As String)
        Console.WriteLine(test)
        For Each word As String In words
            Console.Write((word + " "))
        Next
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.WriteLine()
    End Sub

    Private Shared Sub IndicateNode(ByVal node As LinkedListNode(Of String), ByVal test As String)
        Console.WriteLine(test)
        If IsNothing(node.List) Then
            Console.WriteLine("Node '{0}' is not in the list." & vbLf, node.Value)
            Return
        End If
        Dim result As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder(("(" _
                        + (node.Value + ")")))
        Dim nodeP As LinkedListNode(Of String) = node.Previous

        While (Not (nodeP) Is Nothing)
            result.Insert(0, (nodeP.Value + " "))
            nodeP = nodeP.Previous

        End While
        node = node.Next

        While (Not (node) Is Nothing)
            result.Append((" " + node.Value))
            node = node.Next

        End While
        Console.WriteLine(result)
        Console.WriteLine()
    End Sub
End Class
'This code example produces the following output:
'
'The linked list values:
'the fox jumped over the dog 
'Test 1: Add 'today' to beginning of the list:
'today the fox jumped over the dog 
'Test 2: Move first node to be last node:
'the fox jumped over the dog today 
'Test 3: Change the last node to 'yesterday':
'the fox jumped over the dog yesterday 
'Test 4: Move last node to be first node:
'yesterday the fox jumped over the dog 
'Test 5: Indicate last occurence of 'the':
'the fox jumped over (the) dog
'Test 6: Add 'lazy' and 'old' after 'the':
'the fox jumped over (the) lazy old dog
'Test 7: Indicate the 'fox' node:
'the (fox) jumped over the lazy old dog
'Test 8: Add 'quick' and 'brown' before 'fox':
'the quick brown (fox) jumped over the lazy old dog
'Test 9: Indicate the 'dog' node:
'the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy old (dog)
'Test 10: Throw exception by adding node (fox) already in the list:
'Exception message: The LinkedList node belongs a LinkedList.
'Test 11: Move a referenced node (fox) before the current node (dog):
'the quick brown jumped over the lazy old fox (dog)
'Test 12: Remove current node (dog) and attempt to indicate it:
'Node 'dog' is not in the list.
'Test 13: Add node removed in test 11 after a referenced node (brown):
'the quick brown (dog) jumped over the lazy old fox
'Test 14: Remove node that has the value 'old':
'the quick brown dog jumped over the lazy fox 
'Test 15: Remove last node, cast to ICollection, and add 'rhinoceros':
'the quick brown dog jumped over the lazy rhinoceros 
'Test 16: Copy the list to an array:
'the
'quick
'brown
'dog
'jumped
'over
'the
'lazy
'rhinoceros
'Test 17: Clear linked list. Contains 'jumped' = False
'

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Create the link list.
        string[] words =
            { "the", "fox", "jumped", "over", "the", "dog" };
        LinkedList<string> sentence = new LinkedList<string>(words);
        Display(sentence, "The linked list values:");
        Console.WriteLine("sentence.Contains(\"jumped\") = {0}",
            sentence.Contains("jumped"));

        // Add the word 'today' to the beginning of the linked list.
        sentence.AddFirst("today");
        Display(sentence, "Test 1: Add 'today' to beginning of the list:");

        // Move the first node to be the last node.
        LinkedListNode<string> mark1 = sentence.First;
        sentence.RemoveFirst();
        sentence.AddLast(mark1);
        Display(sentence, "Test 2: Move first node to be last node:");

        // Change the last node be 'yesterday'.
        sentence.RemoveLast();
        sentence.AddLast("yesterday");
        Display(sentence, "Test 3: Change the last node to 'yesterday':");

        // Move the last node to be the first node.
        mark1 = sentence.Last;
        sentence.RemoveLast();
        sentence.AddFirst(mark1);
        Display(sentence, "Test 4: Move last node to be first node:");


        // Indicate, by using parentheisis, the last occurence of 'the'.
        sentence.RemoveFirst();
        LinkedListNode<string> current = sentence.FindLast("the");
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 5: Indicate last occurence of 'the':");

        // Add 'lazy' and 'old' after 'the' (the LinkedListNode named current).
        sentence.AddAfter(current, "old");
        sentence.AddAfter(current, "lazy");
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 6: Add 'lazy' and 'old' after 'the':");

        // Indicate 'fox' node.
        current = sentence.Find("fox");
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 7: Indicate the 'fox' node:");

        // Add 'quick' and 'brown' before 'fox':
        sentence.AddBefore(current, "quick");
        sentence.AddBefore(current, "brown");
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 8: Add 'quick' and 'brown' before 'fox':");

        // Keep a reference to the current node, 'fox',
        // and to the previous node in the list. Indicate the 'dog' node.
        mark1 = current;
        LinkedListNode<string> mark2 = current.Previous;
        current = sentence.Find("dog");
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 9: Indicate the 'dog' node:");

        // The AddBefore method throws an InvalidOperationException
        // if you try to add a node that already belongs to a list.
        Console.WriteLine("Test 10: Throw exception by adding node (fox) already in the list:");
        try
        {
            sentence.AddBefore(current, mark1);
        }
        catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Exception message: {0}", ex.Message);
        }
        Console.WriteLine();

        // Remove the node referred to by mark1, and then add it
        // before the node referred to by current.
        // Indicate the node referred to by current.
        sentence.Remove(mark1);
        sentence.AddBefore(current, mark1);
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 11: Move a referenced node (fox) before the current node (dog):");

        // Remove the node referred to by current.
        sentence.Remove(current);
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 12: Remove current node (dog) and attempt to indicate it:");

        // Add the node after the node referred to by mark2.
        sentence.AddAfter(mark2, current);
        IndicateNode(current, "Test 13: Add node removed in test 11 after a referenced node (brown):");

        // The Remove method finds and removes the
        // first node that that has the specified value.
        sentence.Remove("old");
        Display(sentence, "Test 14: Remove node that has the value 'old':");

        // When the linked list is cast to ICollection(Of String),
        // the Add method adds a node to the end of the list.
        sentence.RemoveLast();
        ICollection<string> icoll = sentence;
        icoll.Add("rhinoceros");
        Display(sentence, "Test 15: Remove last node, cast to ICollection, and add 'rhinoceros':");

        Console.WriteLine("Test 16: Copy the list to an array:");
        // Create an array with the same number of
        // elements as the inked list.
        string[] sArray = new string[sentence.Count];
        sentence.CopyTo(sArray, 0);

        foreach (string s in sArray)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(s);
        }

        // Release all the nodes.
        sentence.Clear();

        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.WriteLine("Test 17: Clear linked list. Contains 'jumped' = {0}",
            sentence.Contains("jumped"));

        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    private static void Display(LinkedList<string> words, string test)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(test);
        foreach (string word in words)
        {
            Console.Write(word + " ");
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.WriteLine();
    }

    private static void IndicateNode(LinkedListNode<string> node, string test)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(test);
        if (node.List == null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Node '{0}' is not in the list.\n",
                node.Value);
            return;
        }

        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("(" + node.Value + ")");
        LinkedListNode<string> nodeP = node.Previous;

        while (nodeP != null)
        {
            result.Insert(0, nodeP.Value + " ");
            nodeP = nodeP.Previous;
        }

        node = node.Next;
        while (node != null)
        {
            result.Append(" " + node.Value);
            node = node.Next;
        }

        Console.WriteLine(result);
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}

//This code example produces the following output:
//
//The linked list values:
//the fox jumped over the dog

//Test 1: Add 'today' to beginning of the list:
//today the fox jumped over the dog

//Test 2: Move first node to be last node:
//the fox jumped over the dog today

//Test 3: Change the last node to 'yesterday':
//the fox jumped over the dog yesterday

//Test 4: Move last node to be first node:
//yesterday the fox jumped over the dog

//Test 5: Indicate last occurence of 'the':
//the fox jumped over (the) dog

//Test 6: Add 'lazy' and 'old' after 'the':
//the fox jumped over (the) lazy old dog

//Test 7: Indicate the 'fox' node:
//the (fox) jumped over the lazy old dog

//Test 8: Add 'quick' and 'brown' before 'fox':
//the quick brown (fox) jumped over the lazy old dog

//Test 9: Indicate the 'dog' node:
//the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy old (dog)

//Test 10: Throw exception by adding node (fox) already in the list:
//Exception message: The LinkedList node belongs a LinkedList.

//Test 11: Move a referenced node (fox) before the current node (dog):
//the quick brown jumped over the lazy old fox (dog)

//Test 12: Remove current node (dog) and attempt to indicate it:
//Node 'dog' is not in the list.

//Test 13: Add node removed in test 11 after a referenced node (brown):
//the quick brown (dog) jumped over the lazy old fox

//Test 14: Remove node that has the value 'old':
//the quick brown dog jumped over the lazy fox

//Test 15: Remove last node, cast to ICollection, and add 'rhinoceros':
//the quick brown dog jumped over the lazy rhinoceros

//Test 16: Copy the list to an array:
//the
//quick
//brown
//dog
//jumped
//over
//the
//lazy
//rhinoceros

//Test 17: Clear linked list. Contains 'jumped' = False
//

#using <System.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Text;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

void Display(LinkedList<String^>^ words)
{
    for each( String^ word in words )
    {
        Console::Write(word + " ");
    }
    Console::WriteLine();
};

void DisplayNode(LinkedListNode<String^>^ node)
{
    if (node->List == nullptr)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("Node \"{0}\" is not in a list.",
            node->Value);
        return;
    }

    StringBuilder^ result = gcnew StringBuilder("(" + node->Value + ")");
    LinkedListNode<String^>^ nodeP = node->Previous;

    while (nodeP != nullptr)
    {
        result->Insert(0, nodeP->Value + " ");
        nodeP = nodeP->Previous;
    }

    node = node->Next;
    while (node != nullptr)
    {
        result->Append(" " + node->Value);
        node = node->Next;
    }

    Console::WriteLine(result);
};

void main()
{
    array<String^>^ words =
        {"the", "fox", "jumped", "over", "the", "dog"};
    LinkedList<String^>^ sentence =
        gcnew LinkedList<String^>((IEnumerable<String^>^) words);
    Display(sentence);

    Console::WriteLine("sentence->Contains(\"jumped\") = {0}",
        sentence->Contains("jumped"));

    // Add the word "today" to the beginning of the linked list.
    // Remove the new node, and add it to the end of the list.
    sentence->AddFirst("today");
    Display(sentence);

    LinkedListNode<String^>^ mark1 = sentence->First;
    sentence->RemoveFirst();
    sentence->AddLast(mark1);
    Display(sentence);

    sentence->RemoveLast();
    sentence->AddLast("yesterday");
    Display(sentence);

    mark1 = sentence->Last;
    sentence->RemoveLast();
    sentence->AddFirst(mark1);
    Display(sentence);

    sentence->RemoveFirst();

    LinkedListNode<String^>^ current = sentence->FindLast("the");
    DisplayNode(current);

    sentence->AddAfter(current, "old");
    sentence->AddAfter(current, "lazy");
    DisplayNode(current);

    current = sentence->Find("fox");
    DisplayNode(current);

    // Add 'quick' and 'brown' before 'fox':
    sentence->AddBefore(current, "quick");
    sentence->AddBefore(current, "brown");
    DisplayNode(current);

    // Keep a reference to the current node, "fox", and to the
    // previous node in the list. Use the Find method to locate
    // the node containing the value "dog". Show the position.
    mark1 = current;
    LinkedListNode<String^>^ mark2 = current->Previous;
    current = sentence->Find("dog");
    DisplayNode(current);

    // The AddBefore method throws an InvalidOperationException
    // if you try to add a node that already belongs to a list.
    try
    {
        sentence->AddBefore(current, mark1);
    }
    catch(InvalidOperationException^ ex)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("Exception message: {0}", ex->Message);
    }

    // Remove the node referred to by mark1, and add it before
    // the node referred to by current. Show the sentence,
    // highlighting the position of the node referred to by
    // current.
    sentence->Remove(mark1);
    sentence->AddBefore(current, mark1);
    DisplayNode(current);

    // Remove the node referred to by current. If you try to show
    // its position now, the DisplayNode method prints a message.
    // Add the node after the node referred to by mark2, and
    // display the sentence, highlighting current.
    sentence->Remove(current);
    DisplayNode(current);
    sentence->AddAfter(mark2, current);
    DisplayNode(current);

    // The Remove method finds and removes the first node that
    // that has the specified value.
    sentence->Remove("old");
    Display(sentence);

    // When the linked list is cast to ICollection(Of String),
    // the Add method adds a node to the end of the list.
    sentence->RemoveLast();
    ICollection<String^>^ icoll = sentence;
    icoll->Add("rhinoceros");
    Display(sentence);

    // Create an array with the same number of elements as the
    // linked list.
    Console::WriteLine("\nCopy the list to an array.");
    array<String^>^ sArray = gcnew array<String^>(sentence->Count);
    sentence->CopyTo(sArray, 0);

    for each( String^ s in sArray )
    {
        Console::WriteLine(s);
    }

    // Release all the nodes.
    sentence->Clear();
}

//This code example produces the following output:
//
//the fox jumped over the dog
//sentence->Contains("jumped") = True
//today the fox jumped over the dog
//the fox jumped over the dog today
//the fox jumped over the dog yesterday
//yesterday the fox jumped over the dog
//the fox jumped over (the) dog
//the fox jumped over (the) lazy old dog
//the (fox) jumped over the lazy old dog
//the quick brown (fox) jumped over the lazy old dog
//the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy old (dog)
//Exception message: The LinkedList node belongs a LinkedList.
//the quick brown jumped over the lazy old fox (dog)
//Node "dog" is not in a list.
//the quick brown (dog) jumped over the lazy old fox
//the quick brown dog jumped over the lazy fox
//the quick brown dog jumped over the lazy rhinoceros
//
//Copy the list to an array.
//the
//quick
//brown
//dog
//jumped
//over
//the
//lazy
//rhinoceros