The fixed statement sets a pointer to a managed variable and "pins" that variable during the execution of statement. Without fixed, pointers to movable managed variables would be of little use since garbage collection could relocate the variables unpredictably. The C# compiler only lets you assign a pointer to a managed variable in a fixed statement.
// assume class Point { public int x, y; }
// pt is a managed variable, subject to garbage collection.
Point pt = new Point();
// Using fixed allows the address of pt members to be
// taken, and "pins" pt so it isn't relocated.
fixed ( int* p = &pt.x )
{
*p = 1;
} You can initialize a pointer with the address of an array or a string:
fixed (int* p = arr) ... // equivalent to p = &arr[0]
fixed (char* p = str) ... // equivalent to p = &str[0] You can initialize multiple pointers, as long as they are all of the same type:
fixed (byte* ps = srcarray, pd = dstarray) {...} To initialize pointers of different type, simply nest fixed statements:
fixed (int* p1 = &p.x)
{
fixed (double* p2 = &array[5])
{
// Do something with p1 and p2.
}
} After the code in the statement is executed, any pinned variables are unpinned and subject to garbage collection. Therefore, do not point to those variables outside the fixed statement.
Note |
|---|
| Pointers initialized in fixed statements cannot be modified. |
In unsafe mode, you can allocate memory on the stack, where it is not subject to garbage collection and therefore does not need to be pinned. For more information, see stackalloc.