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Managed Extensions for C++ Reference

Visual Studio .NET 2003

Managed Extensions for C++ include the following reference material:

The following keywords implement various features of Managed Extensions for C++.

Note All code examples must be compiled using the /clr compiler option.

Keyword	Description
__abstract	Declares a class that cannot be instantiated directly.
__box	Creates a copy of a __value class on the common language runtime heap.
__delegate	Declares a reference to a unique method (a function pointer) of a managed class.
__event	Declares an event method of a managed class.
__finally	Declares a finally block associated with a try block.
__gc	Declares a gc type.
__identifier	Enables the use of a C++ keyword as an identifier.
__interface	Declares an interface.
__nogc	Declares a native C++ class that is not garbage-collected.
__pin	Prevents an object or embedded object of a managed class from being moved by the common language runtime during garbage collection.
__property	Declares a property member for a managed class.
public, protected, and private	Determines the accessibility of specified types and methods outside of an assembly.
__sealed	Prevents a __gc class from being a base class, or a method from being overridden by one in a derived class.
__try_cast	Performs the specified cast or throws an exception if the cast fails.
__typeof	Returns the System::Type of a given type.
__value	Declares a value type.

Attribute	Description
attribute	Creates a user-defined attribute.

Pragma	Description
managed, unmanaged	Determines if code is compiled to MSIL or unmanaged code.

Directive	Description
#using	Imports metadata into a managed application. For more information, see 21.4 Importing Metadata with #using or 21.5 Metadata as Binary Headers in the Managed Extensions specification.

Option	Description
/AI	Specifies a directory to search to resolve file references passed to the #using directive.
/clr	Compiles C++ and Managed Extensions for C++ source code to MSIL.
/FU	Forces the use of a file name, as if it had been passed to the #using directive.

Option	Description
/ASSEMBLYMODULE	Adds a MSIL module to the assembly of a project.
/ASSEMBLYRESOURCE	Adds a link to a managed resource from a project.
/NOASSEMBLY	Creates a MSIL module that is not an assembly by itself, but can be part of an assembly