At design time, you can create application settings in two ways: by using the Settings page of the Project Designer, or by using the Properties window for a form or control, which allows you to bind a setting to a property. For more information, see How to: Add or Remove Application Settings.

When you create an application-scoped setting (for example, a database connection string, or a reference to server resources), Visual Studio saves it in app.config with the <applicationSettings> tag. (Connection strings are saved under the <connectionStrings> tag.)

When you create a user-scoped setting (for example, default font, home page, or window size), Visual Studio saves it in app.config with the <userSettings> tag.

Security Note:

When you store connection strings in app.config, you should take precautions to avoid revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or server paths, in the connection string. If you take connection string information from an external source, such as a user supplying a user ID and password, you must be careful to ensure that the values that you use to construct your connection string do not contain additional connection string parameters that change the behavior of your connection. Consider using the Protected Configuration feature to encrypt sensitive information in the configuration file. See Protecting Connection Information (ADO.NET) for more information.

Note:
Because there is no configuration file model for class libraries, application settings do not apply for Class Library projects. The exception is a Visual Studio Tools for Office DLL project, which can have a configuration file.

You can add customized settings files to your project for convenient management of groups of settings. Settings that are contained in a single file are loaded and saved as a unit. Therefore, being able to store settings in separate files for frequently-used and infrequently-used groups can save time in loading and saving settings.

For example, you can add a file such as SpecialSettings.settings to your project. While your SpecialSettings class is not exposed in the My namespace, View Code can read the custom settings file that contains Partial Class SpecialSettings.

The Settings Designer first searches for the Settings.settings file that the project system creates; this is the default file that the Project Designer displays in the Settings tab. Settings.settings is located in the My Project folder for Visual Basic projects and in the Properties folder for Visual C# projects. The Project Designer then searches for other settings files in the project's root folder. Therefore, you should put your custom settings file there. If you add a .settings file elsewhere in your project, the Project Designer will not be able to locate it.

In Visual Basic projects, you can access application settings at run time by using the My.Settings object. On the Settings page, click the View code button to view the Settings.vb file. (For more information, see How to: Access Settings Events.) Settings.vb defines the Settings class, which enables you to handle these events on the settings class: SettingChanging, PropertyChanged, SettingsLoaded, and SettingsSaving. Notice that the Settings class in Settings.vb is a partial class that displays only the user-owned code, not the whole generated class. For more information about accessing application settings by using the My.Settings object, see Accessing Application Settings.

The values of any user-scoped settings that the user changes at run time (for example, the position of a form) are stored in a user.config file. Notice that the default values are still saved in app.config.

If you have changed any user-scoped settings during run time, for example in testing the application, and want to reset these settings to their default values, click the Synchronize button. For information about this control, see Settings Page, Project Designer.

We strongly recommend that you use the My.Settings object and the default .settings file to access settings. This is because you can use the Settings Designer to assign properties to settings, and, additionally, user settings are automatically saved before application shutdown. However, your Visual Basic application can access settings directly. In that case you have to access the MySettings class and use a custom .settings file in the root of the project. You must also save the user settings before ending the application, as you would do for a C# application; this is described in the following section.

In languages other than Visual Basic, such as Visual C#, you must access the Settings class directly, as shown in the following Visual C# example.

Properties.Settings.Default.FirstUserSetting = "abc";

You must also explicitly call the Save method of this wrapper class in order to persist the user settings. You usually do this in the Closing event handler of the main form. The following Visual C# example shows a call to the Save method.

Properties.Settings.Default.Save();

For a specific example of how to create new application settings and bind them to properties on a form, see How to: Create Application Settings Using the Designer. For more general information about accessing application settings through the Settings class, see Application Settings Overview.

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