This walkthrough demonstrates how to open and read a file using the StreamReader class, check to see if a file is being accessed, search for a string within a file read with an instance of the StreamReader class, and write to a file using the StreamWriter class.
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The options available in dialog boxes, and the names and locations of menu commands you see, might differ from what is described in Help depending on your active settings or edition. This Help page was written with
General Development Settings in mind. To change your settings, choose Import and Export Settings on the Tools menu. For more information, see Visual Studio Settings.
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Start Visual Studio and begin the project by creating a form that the user can use to write to the designated file.
To create the project
On the File menu, select New Project.
In the New Project pane, click Windows Application.
In the Name box type MyDiary and click OK.
Visual Studio adds the project to Solution Explorer, and the Windows Forms Designer opens.
Add the controls in the following table to the form and set the corresponding values for their properties.
Object
|
Properties
|
Value
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Button
|
Name
Text
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Submit
Submit Entry
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Button
|
Name
Text
|
Clear
Clear Entry
|
TextBox
|
Name
Text
Multiline
|
Entry
Please enter something.
False
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To add the ability to write to a file via the application, use the StreamWriter class. StreamWriter is designed for character output in a particular encoding, whereas the Stream class is designed for byte input and output. Use StreamWriter for writing lines of information to a standard text file. For more information on the StreamWriter class, see StreamWriter Class.
To add writing functionality
From the View menu, choose Code to open the Code Editor.
Because the application references the System.IO namespace, add the following statements at the very beginning of your code, before the class declaration for the form, which begins Public Class Form1.
Imports System
Imports System.IO
Before writing to the file, you must create an instance of a StreamWriter class.
From the View menu, choose Designer to return to the Windows Forms Designer. Double-click the Submit button to create a Click event handler for the button, and then add the following code.
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The Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment (IDE) will return to the Code Editor and position the insertion point within the event handler where you should add the code.
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To write to the file, use the Write method of the StreamWriter class. Add the following code directly after Dim fw As StreamWriter. You do not need to worry that an exception will be thrown if the file is not found, because it will be created if it does not already exist.
Dim ReadString As String
Try
'Pass the file path and name to the StreamWriter constructor.
'Indicate that Append is True, so file will not be overwritten.
fw = New StreamWriter("C:\MyDiary.txt", True)
ReadString = Entry.Text
fw.WriteLine(ReadString)
Finally
'Close the file.
fw.Close()
End Try
Make sure that the user cannot submit a blank entry by adding the following code directly after Dim ReadString As String.
If (Entry.Text = "" Or Entry.Text = "Please enter something.") Then
Entry.Text = "Please enter something."
Return
End If
Because this is a diary, the user will want to assign a date to each entry. Insert the following code after fw = New StreamWriter("C:\MyDiary.txt", True) to set the variable Today to the current date.
Dim Today As DateTime
Today = Now
fw.Write(CStr(Today))
fw.Write(ControlChars.CrLf)
Finally, attach code to clear the TextBox. Add the following code to the Clear button's Click event.
Adding Display Features to the Diary
In this section, you add a feature that displays the latest entry in the DisplayEntry TextBox. You can also add a ComboBox that displays various entries and from which a user can select an entry to display in the DisplayEntry TextBox. An instance of the StreamReader class reads from MyDiary.txt. Like the StreamWriter class, StreamReader is intended for use with text files.
For this section of the walkthrough, add the controls in the following table to the form and set the corresponding values for their properties.
Control
|
Properties
|
Values
|
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TextBox
|
Name
Visible
Size
Multiline
|
DisplayEntry
False
120,60
True
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Button
|
Name
Text
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Display
Display
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Button
|
Name
Text
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GetEntries
Get Entries
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ComboBox
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Name
Text
Enabled
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PickEntries
Select an Entry
False
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To populate the combo box
The PickEntries ComboBox is used to display the dates on which a user submits each entry, so the user can select an entry from a specific date. Create a Click event handler to the GetEntries button and add the following code.
Dim fr As StreamReader
Dim FileString As String
FileString = ""
Try
fr = New System.IO.StreamReader("C:\MyDiary.txt")
PickEntries.Items.Clear()
PickEntries.Enabled = True
Do
FileString = fr.ReadLine
If IsDate(FileString) Then
PickEntries.Items.Add(FileString)
End If
Loop Until (FileString Is Nothing)
Finally
If fr IsNot Nothing Then
fr.Close()
End If
End Try
PickEntries.Enabled = True
To test your code, press F5 to compile the application, and then click Get Entries. Click the drop-down arrow in the ComboBox to display the entry dates.
To choose and display individual entries
Create a Click event handler for the Display button and add the following code.
Dim fr As StreamReader
Dim ReadString As String
'Make sure ReadString begins empty.
ReadString = ""
Dim FileString As String
fr = New StreamReader("C:\MyDiary.txt")
'If no entry has been selected, show the whole file.
If PickEntries.Enabled = False Or PickEntries.SelectedText Is Nothing Then
Do
'Read a line from the file into FileString.
FileString = fr.ReadLine
'add it to ReadString
ReadString = ReadString & ControlChars.CrLf & FileString
Loop Until (FileString = Nothing)
Else
'An entry has been selected, find the line that matches.
Do
FileString = fr.ReadLine
Loop Until FileString = CStr(PickEntries.SelectedItem)
FileString = CStr(PickEntries.SelectedItem) & ControlChars.CrLf
ReadString = FileString & fr.ReadLine
'Read from the file until EOF or another Date is found.
Do Until ((fr.Peek < 0) Or (IsDate(fr.ReadLine)))
ReadString = ReadString & fr.ReadLine
Loop
End If
fr.Close()
DisplayEntry.Visible = True
DisplayEntry.Text = ReadString
To test your code, press F5 to compile the application, and then submit an entry. Click Get Entries, select an entry from the ComboBox, and then click Display. The contents of the selected entry appear in the DisplayEntry TextBox.
Enabling Users to Delete or Modify Entries
Finally, you can include additional functionality enables users to delete or modify an entry by using DeleteEntry and EditEntry buttons. Both buttons remain disabled unless an entry is displayed.
Add the controls in the following table to the form and set the corresponding values for their properties.
Control
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Properties
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Values
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Button
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Name
Text
Enabled
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DeleteEntry
Delete Entry
False
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Button
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Name
Text
Enabled
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EditEntry
Edit Entry
False
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Button
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Name
Text
Enabled
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SubmitEdit
Submit Edit
False
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To enable deletion and modification of entries
Add the following code to the Display button's Click event, after DisplayEntry.Text = ReadString.
DeleteEntry.enabled = True
Create a Click event handler for the DeleteEntry button and add the following code.
Dim fr As StreamReader
Dim ReadString As String
Dim WriteString As String
Dim ConfirmDelete As MsgBoxResult
fr = New StreamReader("C:\MyDiary.txt")
ReadString = fr.ReadLine
' Read through the textfile
Do Until (fr.Peek < 0)
ReadString = ReadString & vbCrLf & fr.ReadLine
Loop
WriteString = Replace(ReadString, DisplayEntry.Text, "")
fr.Close()
' Check to make sure the user wishes to delete the entry
ConfirmDelete = MsgBox("Do you really wish to delete this entry?", _
MsgBoxStyle.OKCancel)
If ConfirmDelete = MsgBoxResult.OK Then
File.Delete("C:\MyDiary.txt")
Dim fw As StreamWriter = File.CreateText("C:\MyDiary.txt")
fw.WriteLine(WriteString)
fw.Close()
' Reset controls on the form
DisplayEntry.Text = ""
PickEntries.Text = ""
PickEntries.Items.Clear()
PickEntries.Enabled = False
DeleteEntry.Enabled = False
End If
When a user displays an entry, the EditEntry button becomes enabled. Add the following code to the Click event of the Display button after DisplayEntry.Text = ReadString.
Create a Click event handler for the EditEntry button and add the following code.
Entry.Text = DisplayEntry.Text
SubmitEdit.Enabled = True
Create a Click event handler for the SubmitEdit button and add the following code
Dim fr As StreamReader
Dim ReadString As String
Dim WriteString As String
If Entry.Text = "" Then
MsgBox("Use Delete to Delete an Entry")
Return
End If
fr = New StreamReader("C:\MyDiary.txt")
ReadString = fr.ReadLine
Do Until (fr.Peek < 0)
ReadString = ReadString & vbCrLf & fr.ReadLine
Loop
WriteString = Replace(ReadString, DisplayEntry.Text, Entry.Text)
fr.Close()
File.Delete("C:\MyDiary.txt")
Dim fw As StreamWriter = File.CreateText("C:\MyDiary.txt")
fw.WriteLine(WriteString)
fw.Close()
DisplayEntry.Text = Entry.Text
Entry.Text = ""
EditEntry.Enabled = False
SubmitEdit.Enabled = False
To test your code, press F5 to compile the application. Click Get Entries, select an entry, and then click Display. The entry appears in the DisplayEntry TextBox. Click Edit Entry. The entry appears in the Entry TextBox. Edit the entry in the Entry TextBox and click Submit Edit. Open the MyDiary.txt file to confirm your correction. Now select an entry and click Delete Entry. When the MessageBox requests confirmation, click OK. Close the application and open MyDiary.txt to confirm the deletion.
Reference
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